On the number of facets of three-dimensional Dirichlet stereohedra I: Groups with reflections

A Dirichlet stereohedron for a crystallographic group G is the Voronoi region of any point with trivial stabilizer in the Voronoi diagram of its orbit. We prove that Dirichlet stereohedra for three-dimensional crystallographic groups containing reflections in three, two or one independent directions cannot have more than eight, eighteen and fifteen facets, respectively. We show examples where the three bounds are attained. As a tool for one of the cases, we study how many regions of a Dirichlet tesselation in the plane can be intersected by each region of another Dirichlet tesselation for the same group. We find out that the number is at most seven for all planar crystallographic groups except, perhaps, those of type pgg . Received October 4, 1999, and in revised form May 30, 2000. Online publication December 4, 2000.     

On Metric and Calmness Qualification Conditions in Subdifferential Calculus

The paper contains two groups of results. The first are criteria for calmness/subregularity for set-valued mappings between finite-dimensional spaces. We give a new sufficient condition whose subregularity part has the same form as the coderivative criterion for “full” metric regularity but involves a different type of coderivative which is introduced in the paper. We also show that the condition is necessary for mappings with convex graphs. The second group of results deals with the basic calculus rules of nonsmooth subdifferential calculus. For each of the rules we state two qualification conditions: one in terms of calmness/subregularity of certain set-valued mappings and the other as a metric estimate (not necessarily directly associated with aforementioned calmness/subregularity property). The conditions are shown to be weaker than the standard Mordukhovich–Rockafellar subdifferential qualification condition; in particular they cover the cases of convex polyhedral set-valued mappings and, more generally, mappings with semi-linear graphs. Relative strength of the conditions is thoroughly analyzed. We also show, for each of the calculus rules, that the standard qualification conditions are equivalent to “full” metric regularity of precisely the same mappings that are involved in the subregularity version of our calmness/subregularity condition. The research of Jiří V. Outrata was supported by the grant A 107 5402 of the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.     

The Ginzburg-Landau manifold is an attractor

Summary The Ginzburg-Landau modulation equation arises in many domains of science as a (formal) approximate equation describing the evolution of patterns through instabilities and bifurcations. Recently, for a large class of evolution PDE's in one space variable, the validity of the approximation has rigorously been established, in the following sense: Consider initial conditions of which the Fourier-transforms are scaled according to the so-calledclustered mode-distribution. Then the corresponding solutions of the “full” problem and the G-L equation remain close to each other on compact intervals of the intrinsic Ginzburg-Landau time-variable. In this paper the following complementary result is established. Consider small, but arbitrary initial conditions. The Fourier-transforms of the solutions of the “full” problem settle to clustered mode-distribution on time-scales which are rapid as compared to the time-scale of evolution of the Ginzburg-Landau equation.     

Tableau complexes

Let X, Y be finite sets and T a set of functions X → Y which we will call “ tableaux”. We define a simplicial complex whose facets, all of the same dimension, correspond to these tableaux. Such tableau complexes have many nice properties, and are frequently homeomorphic to balls, which we prove using vertex decompositions [BP79]. In our motivating example, the facets are labeled by semistandard Young tableaux, and the more general interior faces are labeled by Buch’s set-valued semistandard tableaux. One vertex decomposition of this “Young tableau complex” parallels Lascoux’s transition formula for vexillary double Grothendieck polynomials [La01, La03]. Consequently, we obtain formulae (both old and new) for these polynomials. In particular, we present a common generalization of the formulae of Wachs [Wa85] and Buch [Bu02], each of which implies the classical tableau formula for Schur polynomials.     

A problem with directional derivative in the theory of galvanomagnetic effects

We construct an asymptotics of the solution the Laplace equation in a “long” rectangle with the directional derivative given on its “long sides” and Dirichlet data on its “short sides.” By using the asymptotics, we calculate one of the integral characteristics, namely, the magnetoresistance. We obtain new formulas for the low-magnetic field magnetoresistance. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 520–532, April, 1999.     

Measurable Riemannian geometry on the Sierpinski gasket: the Kusuoka measure and the Gaussian heat kernel estimate

We study the standard Dirichlet form and its energy measure,called the Kusuoka measure, on the Sierpinski gasket as aprototype of “measurable Riemannian geometry”. The shortest pathmetric on the harmonic Sierpinski gasket is shown to be thegeodesic distance associated with the “measurable Riemannianstructure”. The Kusuoka measure is shown to have the volumedoubling property with respect to the Euclidean distance and alsoto the geodesic distance. Li–Yau type Gaussian off-diagonal heatkernel estimate is established for the heat kernel associated withthe Kusuoka measure.     

Dirichlet series whose partial sums of coefficients have regular variation

We study pairs of Dirichlet series and in whicha(n) counts the number of objects of “size”n of some class of objects which is closed under formation of direct products and extraction of irreducible factors, andp(n) counts the number of objects of “size”n which are irreducible in this class. We prove Dirichlet series analogues of certain results about power series and use these results to prove some conjectures of Burris concerning first-order 0–1 laws.     

CM newforms with rational coefficients

We classify newforms with rational Fourier coefficients and complex multiplication for fixed weight up to twisting. Under the extended Riemann hypothesis for odd real Dirichlet characters, these newforms are finite in number. We produce tables for weights 3 and 4, where finiteness holds unconditionally. I am indepted to K. Hulek for his continuous interest and encouragement. Partial support by the DFG Schwerpunkt 1094 “Globale Methoden in der komplexen Geometrie” is gratefully acknowledged. My thanks go also to the referee for helpful comments. Part of the revising took place while I enjoyed the hospitality of the Dipartimento di Matematica “Frederico Enriques” of Milano University. Funding from the network Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, a Marie Curie Research Training Network, is gratefully acknowledged. I particularly thank M. Bertolini and B. van Geemen. The final version was prepared while I was funded by DFG under grant Schu 2266/2-2.     

On some sheaves of special groups

Using sheaves of special groups, we show that a general local-global principle holds for every reduced special group whose associated space of orderings only has a finite number of accumulation points. We also compute the behaviour of the Boolean hull functor applied to sheaves of special groups. The research leading to this note was carried out with the partial support of the European RTN Networks HPRN-CT-2002-00287 “Algebraic K-Theory, Linear Algebraic Groups and Related Structures”, and HPRN-CT-2001-00271 “Real Algebraic and Analytic Geometry”     

Using Fox Derivatives in Treating Groups of the Form F/[R′, F]

For a factor group with respect to periodic part of a group of the form F/[R′, F], an embedding in the matrix group is defined. The criteria for a matrix to belong to an image of this group and for elements to be conjugate are specified. Some statements having a direct bearing on groups of the form in question are proved. Application of the results obtained allows us to refine the answer in [7] to a question by O. Chapuis concerning the universal classification of ∀-free soluble groups with two generators. Supported by RFBR grant No. 02-01-00293 and by FP “Universities of Russia” grant No. UR.04.01.227. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 114–125, January–February, 2006.     

Construction of large families of pseudorandom binary sequences

Oon constructed large families of finite binary sequences with strong pseudorandom properties by using Dirichlet characters of large order. In this paper Oon’s construction is generalized and extended. We prove that in our construction the well-distribution and correlation measures are as “small” as in the case of the Legendre symbol.      

Arithmetic of quaternions and Eisenstein series

In the paper one computes the Fourier coefficients of the Eisenstein series of the orthogonal group of signature (1, 4). The formulas show that the restriction of the Eisenstein series to the “imaginary” axis is a Dirichlet series, whose coefficients are the products of the L-series by the number of the representations of the given number as a sum of three squares. Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 160, pp. 82–90, 1987.     

Maximally Clustered Elements and Schubert Varieties

We introduce and study a class of “maximally clustered” elements for simply laced Coxeter groups. Such elements include as a special case the freely braided elements of Green and the author, which in turn constitute a superset of the iji-avoiding elements of Fan. We show that any reduced expression for a maximally clustered element is short-braid equivalent to a “contracted” expression, which can be characterized in terms of certain subwords called “braid clusters”. We establish some properties of contracted reduced expressions and apply these to the study of Schubert varieties in the simply laced setting. Specifically, we give a smoothness criterion for Schubert varieties indexed by maximally clustered elements. Received December 30, 2005     

Euler factor of a certain dirichlet series attached to siegel eisenstein Series

We give an explicit form of a “good” Euler factor of a certain Dirichlet series attached to the Siegel-Eisenstein series. The author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.     

Relaxed dirichlet problem for the subellipticp-laplacian

We consider a relaxed Dirichlet problem for a subelliptic p-Laplacian. We define the regular points for our problem and we prove a Wiener type criterion (in terms of the μ-capacity related to the problem) for the regularity of a point. As consequence of our result we obtain also a Wiener criterion for the regularity of boundary points. Entrata in Redazione il 30 dicembre 1998. The first Author has been partially supported by the MURST Research Project: “Non-Euclidean structures: Dirichlet forms and Fractals”.     

Signed words and permutations, V; a sextuple distribution

We calculate the distribution of the sextuple statistic over the hyperoctahedral group B _n that involves the flag-excedance and flag-descent numbers “fexc” and “fdes,” the flag-major index “fmaj,” the positive and negative fixed point numbers “ ” and “ ” and the negative letter number “neg.” Several specializations are considered. In particular, the joint distribution for the pair is explicitly derived.      

An Adjacency Criterion for the Prime Graph of a Finite Simple Group

For every finite non-Abelian simple group, we give an exhaustive arithmetic criterion for adjacency of vertices in a prime graph of the group. For the prime graph of every finite simple group, this criterion is used to determine an independent set with a maximal number of vertices and an independent set with a maximal number of vertices containing 2, and to define orders on these sets; the information obtained is collected in tables. We consider several applications of these results to various problems in finite group theory, in particular, to the recognition-by-spectra problem for finite groups. Supported by RFBR grant No. 05-01-00797; by the Council for Grants (under RF President) and State Aid of Fundamental Science Schools, project NSh-2069.2003.1; by the RF Ministry of Education Developmental Program for Scientific Potential of the Higher School of Learning, project No. 8294; by FP “Universities of Russia,” grant No. UR.04.01.202; and by Presidium SB RAS grant No. 86-197. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 682–725, November–December, 2005.     

Cohomology of line bundles on Schubert varieties: The rank two case

In this paper we describe vanishing and non-vanishing of cohomology of “most” line bundles over Schubert subvarieties of flag varieties for rank 2 semisimple algebraic groups.     

Quantum Backreaction (Casimir) Effect II. Scalar and Electromagnetic Fields

Casimir effect in most general terms may be understood as a backreaction of a quantum system causing an adiabatic change of the external conditions under which it is placed. This paper is the second installment of a work scrutinizing this effect with the use of algebraic methods in quantum theory. The general scheme worked out in the first part is applied here to the discussion of particular models. We consider models of the quantum scalar field subject to external interaction with “softened” Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on two parallel planes. We show that the case of electromagnetic field with softened perfect conductor conditions on the planes may be reduced to the other two. The “softening” is implemented on the level of the dynamics, and is not imposed ad hoc, as is usual in most treatments, on the level of observables. We calculate formulas for the backreaction energy in these models. We find that the common belief that for electromagnetic field the backreaction force tends to the strict Casimir formula in the limit of “removed cutoff” is not confirmed by our strict analysis. The formula is model dependent and the Casimir value is merely a term in the asymptotic expansion of the formula in inverse powers of the distance of the planes. Typical behaviour of the energy for large separation of the plates in the class of models considered is a quadratic fall-of. Depending on the details of the “softening” of the boundary conditions the backreaction force may become repulsive for large separations. Communicated by Klaus Fredenhagen submitted 9/09/04, accepted 1/07/05