Analysis of 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl ester hydrochloride and its major metabolites in rat plasma and tissues by LC-MS/MS

4-Methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride (TM-208) is a newly synthesized compound, which has shown excellent in vivo and in vitro anticancer activity and low toxicity. To investigate the metabolism of TM-208 in rats, in the present study, we administered TM-208 orally to rats and analyzed its metabolites existing in rat plasma and central tissues by LC-MS/MS. Rat plasma and tissue samples were collected before or after a single oral dose (250 mg/kg) of TM-208, then the analytes were extracted from samples by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The structures of proposed metabolites were elucidated according to the rules of drug metabolism and disposition in vivo and the characteristic fragmentation behaviors of TM-208 in ESI-ITMS(n). Five metabolites (M1-M5) were tentatively or assuredly identified: (2-amino-ethyl)-dithiocarbamic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl ester (M1), (2-methylamino-ethyl)-dithiocarbamic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl ester (M2), 4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbothioic acid S-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-propyl) ester (M3), piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester (M4), and sulfine of (4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester) (M5).     

Determination of 4-methylpiperaine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride in rats' plasma by online-SPE-HPLC-DAD: application to a pharmacokinetic study

A specific, simple, and fast online-solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (SPE-HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated to quantify 4-methylpiperaine-1-carbodithioc acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride (TM208) in small volume samples of rats' plasma for the first time. In this method, the 50-μL plasma sample was taken to perform protein precipitation with 75 μL methanol, and then 50 μL supernatant containing the target analytes was injected and concentrated automatically in a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. After that the sample was separated on a C18 RP analytical column and analyzed by DAD. The run cycle time is 6.0 min for each sample, and the calibration curve over the range of 0.03 to 25.00 μg/mL has a good linear relationship (r > 0.9998). The recoveries of the quality control samples were all greater than 90%. The limit of detection and the lowest limit of quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. Finally, this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of TM208 in rats.     

LC and LC–MS Study of the Bioavailability and Metabolites of TM208 after Oral and Intravenous Administration to Rat

4-Methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioic acid 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl ester hydrochloride (TM208) is a new compound expected to become a new drug because of excellent in vivo and in vitro anticancer activity and low toxicity. A new, specific and sensitive LC method was set up for detecting the bioavailability of TM208 after oral administration. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate after oral and intravenous administration. The retention times of TM208 and plunarizine (I.S.) were 5.5 and 9.9 min, respectively. The linear range was 0.125–50 μg mL^?1. The accuracy (error, %) for three concentrations was 2.7–16.6%. Intra-day precision (as RSD) was 1.6–6.9% and inter-day precision was 7.6–11.5%. Extraction recovery of TM208 was 84.15–89.51% and that of the I.S. was 83.3%. Results from stability testing indicated that samples should be analyzed within 24 h or frozen immediately for later analysis. The bioavailable fraction (F) calculated by use of a non-compartment model was 63.3%. Pharmacokinetic data for TM208 were: mean residence time 24.3 and 5.1 h, V _d 186.2 and 35.5 L kg^?1, and Cl 6.9 and 4.2 L h^?1 kg^?1 after oral and intravenous administration, respectively. LC–MS comparison of the metabolites after the two methods of administration showed the kind and content of metabolites of TM208 in rat urine after intravenous administration were more than after oral administration. The experimental results show that the low anticancer activity of TM208 after intravenous administration is related to rapid elimination of the drug, and that the kind and content of metabolites do not affect the bioactivity of TM208.     

Reactions of enamino keto esters of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline series with nucleophiles

It has been shown that the reaction of the methyl ester of 3-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-idene)pyruvic acid with thiosemicarbazide in glacial acetic acid leads to heterocyclization with the formation of 3,3-dimethyl-1-(5-thioxo-1,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethylidenecarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline, but the interaction with semicarbazide under the same conditions leads to annelation of the pyrrole ring. On condensation of the enamino keto ester with malonodinitrile, the nitrile of 2-cyano-4-dicyanomethylidene-5-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2,3.4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-idene)-3-oxo-pentanoic acid is formed.     

Spectral and magnetic studies on normal cobalt(II) planar and cobalt(III) octahedral, spin-crossover cobalt(III) octahedral and planar-tetrahedral cobalt(II) carbodithioates

Five cobalt(II) complexes, a normal complex Co(4-PPipzcdt)₂ (4-PPipzcdt = 4-phenylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate), and four zwitterionic complexes, Co(4-PPipzcdtH)₂X₂ and Co(4-MPipzcdtH)₂X₂ (X = Cl, Br; 4-PPipzcdtH = 4-phenylpiperazine-1-carbodithioic acid, 4-MPipzcdtH = 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioic acid), have been synthesized. Normal cobalt(III) complexes of the type Co(4-MPipzcdt)₃ and Co₂ {2-MPipz(cdt)₂}₃ (2-MPipz(cdt)₂ = 2-methylpiperazine-1,4-dicarbodithioate) and two zwitterionic cobalt(III) complexes of the type Co(4-MPipzcdtH)₃X₃ (X = Cl, Br) have also been obtained. In addition to the room temperature IR and electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility studies, all the complexes, except the normal Co(4-MPipzcdt)₃ and Co(4-PPipzcdt)₂ and zwitterionic Co(4-MPipzcdtH)₃Cl₃, have been investigated by variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The results of the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies suggest that two cobalt(II) carbodithioates exhibit a square planar-tetrahedral equilibrium, while two cobalt(III) octahedral carbodithioates show a spin-crossover phenomenon.     

Reaction of 2,6-dibutylaminohepta-2,5-dien-4-one with malononitrile

Malononitrile reacted with the title compound to give 6-amino-5-cyano-2-(3,3-dicyano-2-methylallylidene-4-methyl-2H-pyran (3). Treatment of 3 with hot 80% sulfuric acid yielded 4,7-dimethyl-56-hydroxy-2(1H)quinolone. With concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide, 3 gave 5-amino-3,6-dicyano-4,7-dimethyl-2(1H)quinolone and 5-amino-6-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4,7-dimethyl-2(1H)quinolone. The reaction of 3 with hydrochloric in acetic acid gave a mixture of 6-amino-3,7-dicyano-2,8-dimethyl-4-quinolizone and 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-(3,3-dicyano-2-methylallyl)-2-pyrone. Compound 3 also reacted with methylamine, butylamine and piperidine to give 8-amino-5-cyano-4-methyl-2-pyridone, 6-bulylamino-5-cyano-4-methyl-2-pyridone and 5-eyano-4-methyl-6-piperidino-2-pyridone respectively.     

Heterocyclization of 1,1-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethylenes with 1,3,3-trimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline and its derivatives

1,3,3-Trimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines react with 1,1-dicyano-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene to give 4-amino-6,6-dimethyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-cyano-6,7-dihydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizines. The reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyanomethylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and the methyl ester of 3,3-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid leads to 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(dicyanomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1888–1892, August, 1992.     

An Asymmetric Synthesis of L-694,458, a Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor, via Novel Enzyme Resolution of beta-Lactam Esters

A convergent synthesis of [S-(R,S)]-2-[4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]phenoxy]-3,3-diethyl-N-[1-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]butyl]-4-oxo-1-azetidinecarboxamide (L-694,458, 1), a potent human leukocyte elastase inhibitor, was achieved via chiral synthesis of key intermediates: (S)-3,3-diethyl-4-[4'-[(N-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonylphenoxy]-2-azetidinone (2) and (R)-alpha-propylpiperonyl isocyanate (3). Synthesis of beta-lactam 2 was achieved by a novel enantioselective lipase hydrolysis of ester 5 to produce (S)-3,3-diethyl-4-(4'-carboxyphenoxy)-2-azetidinone (6) (60% yield, three cycles, 93% ee) with isolation, epimerization, and recycling of the undesired (R)-ester 5. Isocyanate 3 was prepared by chiral addition of Zn(n-Pr)(2) to piperonal (98% yield, 99.2% ee), azide displacement and reduction to (R)-alpha-propylpiperonylamine (11) (58% yield, 85% ee), crystallization as the D-pyroglutamic acid salt (92% yield, 98.2% ee), and isocyanate formation (98% yield) with phosgene.     

Fragmentation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of 2-alkoxyphenols: A further violation of the ‘even-electron rule’

The mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers of 2-methoxyphenols show abundant [M–30]⁺˙ ions originating from consecutive loss of two methyl radicals. This is illustrated by comparison of the accurate mass-measured and linked-scan spectra of the TMS derivatives of 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid methyl ester (ferulic acid methyl ester) with those of the TMS derivatives of phenol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid methyl ester (p-coumaric acid methyl ester), 3-methoxyphenol and 4-methoxyphenol. This distinctive ortho effect is valuable in the identification of isomeric phenolic compounds. In the spectra of the TMS derivatives of 2-ethoxyphenol and 2-propoxyphenol the sequential loss of two radicals is less pronounced, because elimination of the side-chain and a methyl group with rearrangement and hydrogen migration is competitive.     

Thermoanalytical investigations of 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioic acid ligand and its iron(III), cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes

The thermal decomposition studies on 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioic acid ligand (4-MPipzcdtH) and its complexes, viz. [M(4-MPipzcdtH)_n](ClO4)_n (M=Fe(III) when n=3; M=Co(II), Cu(II) when n=2) and [Zn(4-MPipzcdtH)₂]Cl₂ have been carried out using non-isothermal techniques (TG and DTA). Initial decomposition temperatures (IDT), indicate that thermal stability is influenced by the change of central metal ion. Free acid ligand exhibits single stage decomposition with a sharp DTA endotherm. Complexes, [M(4-MPipzcdtH)_n](ClO₄)_n undergo single stage decomposition with detonation and give rise to very sharp exothermic DTA curves while the complex [Zn(4-MPipzcdtH)₂]Cl₂ shows three-stage decomposition patterns. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, viz. the energy of activation E, the frequency factor A, entropy of activation S and specific rate constant k, etc. have been evaluated from TG data using Coats and Redfern equation. Based upon the results of the differential thermal analysis study, the [M(4-MPipzcdtH)_n](ClO₄)_n complexes have been found to possess characteristic of high energy materials.     

Synthesis of 4,6-(and 5,7-)dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-indanones

Grignard reaction of ethyl 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-propionate (4) followed by cyclodehydration of the carbinol (5) with conc H₂SO₄ gave 4,6-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethylindane (6). Oxidation of the indane (6) with CrO₃-pyridine complex in methylene chloride gave 4,6-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethylindan-1- one (1) in high yield. Conjugate addition of methyl magnesium iodide to methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate (11), prepared from 3,5-dimethoxyacetophenone (10) by Knoevenagel condensation, resulted in methyl 2-cyano-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropionate (12). Refluxing the ester (12) with aq DMSO containing sodium chloride gave the corresponding nitrile (15) which underwent Höesch reaction to yield 5,7-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethylindan-1-one (2).     

Reaktion von Acetamidin mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid 6. Methylierung von N-Acetimidoyldithiocarbamaten

On Chalcogenolates. 177. Reaction of Acetamidine with Carbon Disulfide. 6. Methylation of N-Acetimidoyl Dithiocarbamates N-Acetimidoyl dithiocarbamates react with methyl iodide to produce the hitherto unknown methyl ester of N-acetimidoyl dithiocarbamic acid AIDTC-CH₃ in low yield as well as the S,S′-dimethyl ester of trithiocarbonic acid TTK-(CH₃)₂, the S-methyl ester of dithiocarbamic acid DTC-CH₃, and 2-thiomethyl-4, 6-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-triazine TMMT besides other products (formulae see “Inhaltsübersicht”). The compounds have been characterized by means of diverse methods.     

Chelating Polymers. II. Amino Acetic Acid Chelating Polymers Derived from Hydroxyarylamino Acetic Acids

The prototype dimeric chelating compounds 3,3′-methylenebis-[N(4-hydroxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid] and 3,3′-methylenebis-[N(4-methoxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid] were synthesized and characterized by composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and potentiometric titration data. Their chelating characteristics with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(l1) ions were established by composition analysis and comparative infrared spectroscopy.

The results suggest chelation and structures of the usual iminodiacetatometal complex type for the Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(I1) compounds of 3,3′methylenebis-[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid] and for the Cu(I1, Ni(II), and Co(I1) compounds of 3,3′-methylenebis-[N-(4-methoxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid]. The composition analysis of each of these compounds indicates 1:2:2 mole ratios of ligand to metal ion to water. Square planar structures are proposed wherein the two iminodiacetatometal chelate moieties are essentially independent of each other.

The composition analysis of the Cu(II) compound of 3,3′-methylenebis-[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid] indicates a 1:2:1 mole ratio of ligand to metal ion to water. Structures are proposed in which some of the carboxylate groups are bridges between two metal coordination centers.

The composition analysis of the Zn(II) compound of 3,3′-methylenebis-[N-(4-methoxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid] indicates a 1:1 mole ratio of ligand to metal ion. A structure is proposed in which both nitrogen atoms and two of the four carboxylate groups of the dimeric ligand are coordinated to the same metal ion.

A preliminary investigation was made of oligomeric compounds analogous to the prototype dimeric compounds.     

New mu-opioid receptor agonists with phenoxyacetic acid moiety

New muq-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists containing 4-hydroxypiperidine, piperidine and piperazine moieties were synthesized and evaluated to find a peripheral opioid analgesic. Among the synthesized compounds, 12-[1-[3-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-3,3-diphenylpropyl]-4-hydroxypiperidin-4-yl]phenoxy]acetic acid (8: SS620) having phenoxyacetic acid and 4-hydroxypiperidine moieties showed the highest agonist potency on the MOR in an isolated guinea-pig ileum preparation, and it also had selectivity to the human MOR expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells compared with the same types of delta- and kappa-opioid receptors (DOR and KOR). In addition, compound 8 showed a 10 times more potent MOR agonist activity than loperamide. Furthermore, compound 8 showed a peripheral analgesic activity in vivo screening on rat.     

Double cascade reactions based on the Barbas dienamine platform: highly stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexanes for cardiovascular agents

The amino acid proline catalyzed the three- and five-component cascade olefination-Diels-Alder-epimerization and olefination-Diels-Alder-epimerization-olefination-hydrogenation reactions of readily available precursors enones 1a-i, arylaldehydes 2a-k, alkyl cyanoacetates 3a-e and Hantzsch ester 9 to furnish highly substituted prochiral 1-cyano-4-oxo-2,6-diaryl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid alkyl esters 6 and 1-cyano-4-(cyano-alkoxycarbonyl-methyl)-2,6-diaryl-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid alkyl esters 10 in a highly diastereoselective fashion with excellent yields. Prochiral cis-isomers 6 are excellent starting materials for the synthesis of cardiovascular agents and hypnotic active products.     

Simultaneous determination of stable isotopically labelled L-histidine and urocanic acid in human plasma by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

A capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of stable isotopically labelled L-histidine (L-[3,3-2H2,1',3'-15N2]histidine, L-His-[M + 4]) and urocanic acid ([3-2H,1',3'-15N2]urocanic acid, UA-[M + 3]) in human plasma was developed using DL-[2,3,3,5'-2H4,2'-13C,1',3'-15N2]histidine (DL-His-[M + 7]) and [2,3,5'-2H3,2'-13C,1',3'-15N2]urocanic acid (UA-[M + 6]) as internal standards. L-Histidine and urocanic acid were derivatized to alpha N-(trifluoroacetyl)-imN-(ethoxycarbonyl)-L-histidine n-butyl ester and imN-(ethoxycarbonyl)urocanic acid n-butyl ester. Quantification was carried out by selected ion monitoring of the molecular ions of the respective derivatives of L-His-[M + 4], DL-His-[M + 7], UA-[M + 3] and UA-[M + 6]. The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the method were demonstrated to be satisfactory for measuring plasma concentrations of L-His-[M + 4] and UA-[M + 3] following administration of trace amounts of L-His-[M + 4] to humans.     

Novel human lens metabolites from normal and cataractous human lenses

4-(2-Aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid and glutathionyl-kynurenine have been identified as novel metabolites in normal and cataractous human lenses following total synthesis and comparison with authentic human lens samples. Their structures are consistent with those derived from the major human lens UV filters kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, and it is proposed that these compounds also play a role as UV filters. These metabolites were isolated in pmol/mg levels (dry mass) in lenses. 4-(2-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid and glutathionyl-kynurenine were found to be unstable at physiological pH. Other potential metabolites, glutathionyl-3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenine yellow and 3-hydroxykynurenine yellow, were not detected in either normal or cataractous lenses.     

中药龟板提取物化学成分及其调控鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSCs)增殖活性的实验研究

中药龟板提取物浸膏经硅胶柱层析, 用石油醚-乙酸乙酯作洗脱剂, 梯度洗脱, 得到16个组分; 采用MTT法和流式细胞技术研究了它们对鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSCs)的增殖作用, 实验结果显示组分Ts-12具有促进rMSCs增殖的作用(p＜0.05), 而组分Ts-4则表现出抑制rMSCs增殖的作用(p＜0.05), 其它样品对rMSCs的增殖作用不显著(p＞0.05), 不具统计学意义. 采用了GC-MS分析各组分化学成分, 并用HPLC和9个标准物质鉴定确证了组分Ts-12中含有十六酸甲酯(S-1)、十六酸乙酯(S-3)、十八酸甲酯(S-4)和甾醇(S-7)以及十四酸甾醇酯(S-8), 组分Ts-4主要含有十八酸(S-5). 对标准品也采用了MTT法和流式细胞仪研究了它们对rMSCs的增殖作用, 结果表明十四酸甾醇酯和十六酸甲酯具有促进rMSCs增殖的作用, 而十八酸具有抑制作用.     

Allgemeiner Zugang zu Polyaminen mit Ethan-1,2-diamin-Einheiten: Synthese von nicht natürlich vorkommenden homologen und isomeren N1,4-Di(4-cumaroyl)sperminen

█tl="American"█The synthesis of the three N,N′-di(4-coumaroyl)tetramines, i.e., of (E,E)-N-{3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1a ), (E,E)-N-{4-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]butyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1b ), and (E,E)-N-{6-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]hexyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide] ( 1c ), is described. It proceeds through stepwise construction of the symmetric polyamine backbone including protection and deprotection steps of the amino functions. Their behavior on TLC in comparison with that of 1,4-di(4-coumaroyl)spermine (=(E,E)-N-{4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[prop-2-enamide]; 2 ) is discussed.     

培养南海红树林内源真菌Fusarium sp. ZZF60产新型蒽醌衍生物

通过人工发酵培养,从南海红树林内源真菌Fusarium sp.ZZF60的培养液中分离得到:1种新蒽醌衍生物,6,8-二甲氧基-1-甲基-2-(3-氧丁基)蒽醌(1),以及5种已知化合物:7-羟基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并-γ-吡喃酮(2),2,4-二羟基-6-[(1′E,3′E)-1′,3′-戊二烯基]苯甲醛(3),(E)-4-羟基肉桂酸甲酯(4),4-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丁醇(5),4-羟基苯甲酸(6)。它们的结构通过MS、NMR等波谱分析推导确定。初步药理活性显示,化合物1抑制体外培养人喉癌细胞Hep2和人肝癌细胞HepG2的IC50分别为16和23μmol/L。