X射线荧光光谱分析

作为《分析试验室》定期评述“X射线荧光光谱分析”系列评论第八篇,本文收集国内学者在1998年7月至2000年6月期间公开发表在国内外期刊和国际会议文集上的129篇论文,并对此期间对我国X射线荧光光谱分析的概况、发展和国际上的地位进行了讲述,内容包括仪器及维修、基体校正、数据处理方法、谱分析方法的研究、标样及样品制备、全反射X射线荧光光谱、同步辐射光源X射线荧光光谱、粒子激发X射线发射、X射线荧光光谱分析方法研究及其应用。     

X射线荧光与粒子激发X射线光谱分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述“Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析”系列评论第７篇,简述了１９９６年７月至１９９８年６月国内Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析技术发展的概况,从Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪的研制与改造、特殊激发方式的研究与应用、化学计量学与数据处理方法研究、化学态分析、标准物质与样品制备、测定方法研究与应用６个方面评述了国内Ｘ射线荧光与粒子激发Ｘ射线光谱分析进展。共收录国内学者论文及相关文集１４３篇。     

同步辐射X—射线荧光分析牛肝

同步辐射准直白光和单色光激发,光斑尺寸白光0.2×0.2mm~2,单色光3×4mm~2,测量时间白光100s,单色光180s。Si(Li)探测器和5000系统多道谱仪采集数据,以NBS牛肝标样为标准物质比较法测量牛肝样中S、P、Cl、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn和Br,标准加入法测Br。     

橡胶材料的X射线荧光多元素分析

建立了一种橡胶材料中多元素X射线荧光定量分析的方法。用标准物质对此方法进行检验,相对标准偏差为0．30％－0．58％。该方法用于橡胶样品的测定,相对标准偏差为0．33％－0．62％。     

X射线荧光光谱技术在地质分析中的应用及发展动态

简述X射线荧光光谱仪的发展历程,对其主要部件的技术发展进行概述。综述X射线荧光光谱分析技术在传统地质样品分析领域中的应用及新技术的发展动态。对X射线荧光光谱法在地质样品分析中存在的不足进行了分析总结。随地质学研究的需求变化,X射线荧光光谱分析技术的应用会不断拓展。     

铁矿的X射线荧光光谱分析

采用无水四硼酸锂为溶剂,硝酸锂为氧化剂,经高温熔融制成的玻璃熔片,进行进口铁矿的主次元素含量测定。试验结果表明,分析结果经基体校正后与标样值比较,其准确度令人满意,与化学法相比,方法简便快速,精密度高,准确度好。     

铝合金建材的X射线荧光分析

用高性能飞利浦PW2424型X射线荧光光谱仪,测定铝合金建材中的Si、Fe、Cu、Mn、Mg、Zn、Ti、Cr、Ni等9个化学元素的含量.给出各元素的干扰校正系数和基体效应校正系数.方法准确、灵敏,稳定性好,速度快.     

国外分析化学研究与发展动态

1 锡研发中心的研、发动态 1．1 锡的实验室纯化法 此法采用电解精制技术,电解槽液的组成（均不含铅）为：蒸馏水3000mL,浓盐酸500mL,浓硫酸10mL,氯化铵25g。     

仪器掩蔽研发动态

回顾过去各国工业化的发展历程,引发了环境污染的大问题。其中化学工业是始作俑者,这是无法回避的事实,值得令人作深刻的反思。因此,1999年联合王国皇家化学会创办了《绿色化学》双月刊刊物,积极提倡无环境污染的化学工艺,不遗余力地报道这方法的研究成果。所谓“绿色化学(green chemistry)”J．H．Clark曾在国际纯粹化学与应用化学联合会的机关刊物上撰文,     

Determination of Cesium and Selenium in Cultivated Mushrooms Using Radionuclide X-Ray Fluorescence Technique

Cesium and selenium intake of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), with these elements previously added to the culture medium, has been examined from the viewpoint of health- and environmental protection. The process of measuring has been carried out by the radionuclide X-ray fluorescence technique. Treattments of the elementary substance with Se salt appears to influence the Se content of the mushrooms to a significant extent. Cs intake is of considerable importance, as this element is accumulated by mushrooms.     

在现代X-射线荧光光谱仪中用公共背景法校正背景和基体效应

在现代顺序式X-射线荧光光谱仪中大多数计算机程序都不具备公共背景法校正背景和基体效应的功能,同时由于厂家技术封锁用户不能对软件进行修改。本文通过计算公式的推导和数学变换、计算过程的合并与简化、以及从光谱仪和计算机接口向程序输入数据等措施,从而解决了上述问题。为便于不同型号的仪器采用公共背景法,文中提出了四种具体方案。     

X-射线荧光光谱滤纸片法测定食油中的磷

本文介绍了用X射线荧光光谱滤纸片法测定食油中磷的方法。这种方法制样简单,植物油不经过任何化学处理就可直接测定,分析速度快,测量数据可靠,结果令人满意。     

新分析工具的研发动态

时至今日,分析化学的创新已不在建立新的分析技术,这方面的发展空间已非常小,因此,创新的重点在于现有分析技术的改进和提高。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”,“利器”就成为当前创新的内容。所谓“分析工具”就是指试剂、功能材料、功能化材料及其制作成工具或器件的统称。本文就这方面的研发动态作出介绍。     

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis and X-Ray Microanalysis of Medieval Silver Coins

 Austrian medieval silver/copper coins were investigated at their surfaces by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) and at the cross-sections by X-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) in order to estimate the error occurring when corroded objects of art and archaeology are analyzed on the surface by non-destructive methods. Additionally, Ag/Cu-standards were treated in diluted sulphuric acid and the depletion of copper on the surface was measured by EDXRF. By calculating the ratio of the Ag-K/Ag-L intensity the process of blanching could be studied.     

国外高效色谱柱研、发动态

就今日的分析化学与技术言,色谱学及其分析技术占有特殊的重要地位,已成为独立于其它谱学以外的分析化学四大支柱之一（参阅本刊2004年40卷301页）,其中高效液相色谱技术尤为重中之重。本文报道它的最基本的、也是最关键的技术条件——色谱柱的最新研、发动态。     

Basics, Possibilities and Limitations of the Microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

 Microscopic X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) analysis was used to investigate different samples: meteorites, Jasper, coated glas and, reference materials. The element distribution within sections of two different meteorites have been determined – one metal rich and one oxide rich. The metal rich showed a matrix of Fe with Ni-, Ti-, and Si-enriched regions. The oxide rich also showed a Fe rich matrix and regions with different concentrations of other elements. A reference sample with a flat and polished but systematically tilted surface was used to assure, that roughness of the sections of the meteorites has only negligible influence. Nondestructive investigations in Jasper with included Stromatolithes, which were fossilized more than 2 billion years ago, showed the Stromatolithes to have Fe as main element instead of Si in the Jasper matrix. The thickness of Yb-layers on glas was determined from the intensity of the Yb fluorescence peak. Calibration was done by using a sample without coating and a reference sample whose thickness of the layer was determined by XRD reflectometry. Futhermore it has been shown that materials can be analysed even if mounted in glas capillaries or covered by plastic foils. By using Mark capillaries the elements from S to U may be detected instead of Na to U while working in vacuum mode.