II International symposium on fundamental froblems in quantum physics oviedo,Spain 21–26 July 1996

II International symposium on fundamental froblems in quantum physics oviedo, Spain 21–26 July 1996     

Topics on fundamental symmetries in particle physics

Topics on the test of fundamental symmetries are shown. Comparison of the gravitational interactions between particle and anti-particle is one of the most important experiments for the test of the CPT-theorem. The measurement of K _L ⁰ →π⁰e^{+ -} is being carried out in order to find the direct CP-violating amplitude. Several experiments to search for the T-violation are being carried out. The muon polarization in K⁺→π⁰μ⁺υdecay and the electron polarization in the β-decay of polarized⁸Li are very interesting from the viewpoint of T-violation. Recent progress of the measurement of electric dipole moments of atoms and the neutron are mentioned. Studies of parity-violating processes in nucleon-nucleon scattering and nucleon-nucleus reactions are discussed. The results encourage us to measure the T-violation using polarized neutrons and a polarized nuclear target.     

Cosmology and fundamental physics

Connections between fundamental physics and cosmology are discussed.     

Frontiers of fundamental physics

Frontiers of fundamental physics     

《基础物理学》中关于力学稳定性问题的讨论

探讨在基础物理学课程中，讲授力学稳定性问题的方案。     

New Lie-algebraic structures in nonlinear problems of quantum optics and laser physics

New Lie-algebraic structures (polynomial deformations of Lie algebras) are revealed in some problems of quantum optics and laser physics. Specifically, deformations of oscillator algebras due to extensions of unitary algebras by their symmetric and skew-symmetric tensors are shown to be algebras of dynamic symmetry (ADS) in models of n-photon processes with internal symmetries. Similarly, deformed algebras su_d(2) are found as ADS in the context of generalized Dicke models and frequency conversion models. We also briefly discuss some possible schemes of employing the results to solving physical problems.Based on materials of the Second International Wigner Symposium (Goslar, Germany, July 16–20, 1991) and the International Workshop Squeezing, Groups, and Quantum Mechanics (Baku, Azerbaijan, September 16–20, 1991).Lebedev Physics Institute, Leninsky prospect 53, Moscow 117924, Russia. Published as Preprint No. 138 (1991) of the Lebedev Physics Institute (in English).     

Muon-catalyzed fusion and fundamental physics

The essence and main features of muon-catalyzed fusion are exposed. Some important and interesting applications of muon-catalyzed fusion in fundamental physics are presented: nuclear physics, quantum electrodynamics, weak interaction physics, the Coulomb three-body problem and the physics of exotic atoms.     

Precise spectroscopy for fundamental physics

We have applied experimental techniques that were developed for use in atomic frequency standards andclocks to investigations of local Lorentz invariance, the linearity of quantum mechanics, andanomalous long-range spin-dependent forces. These experiments used a hyperfine transition in⁹Be⁺ ions in a Penning trap. Recently, we have studied hyperfine transitions in¹⁹⁹Hg⁺ ions in a linear rf trap. Hg⁺ ions might be used for similar investigations in the future.Work of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology. Not subject to US copyright.     

Inference in quantum physics

In quantum physics all experimental information is discrete and stochastic. But the values of physical quantities are considered to depict definite properties of the physical world. Thus physical quantities should be identified with mathematical variables which are derived from the experimental data, but which exhibit as little randomness as possible. We look for such variables in two examples by investigating how it is possible to arrive at a value of a physical quantity from intrinsically stochastic data. With the aid of standard probability calculus and elementary information theory, we are necessarily led to the quantum theoretical phases and state vectors as the first candidates for physical quantities.     

Testing fundamental physics with astrophysical transients

Explosive astrophysical transients at cosmological distances can be used to place precision tests of the basic assumptions of relativity theory, such as Lorentz invariance, the photon zero-mass hypothesis, and the weak equivalence principle (WEP). Signatures of Lorentz invariance violations (LIV) include vacuum dispersion and vacuum birefringence. Sensitive searches for LIV using astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and pulsars are discussed. The most direct consequence of a nonzero photon rest mass is a frequency dependence in the velocity of light propagating in vacuum. A detailed representation of how to obtain a combined severe limit on the photon mass using fast radio bursts at different redshifts through the dispersion method is presented. The accuracy of the WEP has been well tested based on the Shapiro time delay of astrophysical messengers traveling through a gravitational field. Some caveats of Shapiro delay tests are discussed. In this article, we review and update the status of astrophysical tests of fundamental physics.     

捕获离子测试基本粒子物理学

科学无法解释,宇宙大爆炸后物质是如何产生的。所有已知的物理过程都留给我们一个物质和反物质基本等量的宇宙,那么为什么现实中一切都是由物质构成的呢？这个宇宙重子不对称(BAU)是现代物理学所面对的最大谜团,也是粒子物理前沿全方位攻坚之驱动力。最近,美国实验室天体物理联合研究所(JILA)由Eric Cornell 领导的研究组,利用桌面实验系统探索了这一前沿(采用捕获的分子离子探寻基本对称性的破坏)。研究人员特别寻找“电子电偶极矩”(eEDM)的迹象：他们没有发现痕迹,从而证实了以前实验的正确结论。