甲醛-苯氧乙酸树脂对金属离子的交换性能研究

研究了甲醛-苯氧乙酸树脂对重金属离子铅、镉、汞的交换性能,并考察了温度、pH值、浓度等因素对交换性能的影响。结果表明,树脂对3种重金属离子的等温交换过程均符合Langmuir交换等温式,交换受液膜扩散控制;其交换容量可分别达1.85mmol/g、1.73mmol/g、1.13mmol/g。     

聚三苯胺/活性炭电极的电化学性能研究

应用异相沉淀法制备聚三苯胺/活性炭复合材料.SEM及电化学测试表明:聚三苯胺与活性炭复合后,材料的粒径从150 nm左右下降到几十nm,该电极具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,0.5 C倍率放电容量从88.5mAh/g增至105 mAh/g左右,40 C倍率放电容量约达70 mAh/g左右,1000周循环的容量基本不衰减.     

改性纳米二氧化钛对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为研究

利用浸渍法对纳米二氧化钛进行表面改性, 制备出改性纳米二氧化钛, 用扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行了表征, 并以其为吸附剂, 以火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)为分析手段, 探讨了改性纳米二氧化钛在静态吸附条件下对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能, 考察了影响其吸附和解脱的主要因素及优化条件下Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附容量, 考察了常见共存离子的影响. 结果表明: 在pH 5.0下, 改性纳米二氧化钛能定量吸附Pb(Ⅱ); 1.0 mol/L HNO3作为解脱剂可使Pb(Ⅱ)定量解脱; 优化条件下Pb(Ⅱ)的静态饱和吸附容量为32.88 mg/g.     

mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜的制备与表征

以Fe3+改性羧甲基纤维素(mCMC)和聚乙二醇(PEG)共混为阳膜;以戊二醛改性壳聚糖(mCS)和聚乙二醇共混为阴膜,制备了mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜.以FTIR测定了膜红外光谱,以扫描电镜观察了膜表面和界面层的形态,以TG进行膜的热重分析.测定了mCMC-PEG和mCS-PEG不同比例共混膜的含水率、离子交换容量、溶胀度,及mCMC-PEG/mCS-PEG双极膜的电性能.研究结果表明,在双极膜材料中引入亲水性的聚乙二醇后,因分子间的相容性增大,故而提高了双极膜的离子交换容量,并减小了膜的溶胀性.当CMC∶PEG质量比等于10∶1和CS∶PEG质量比等于2∶1时所制得的双极膜具有良好的电化学性能,在酸碱溶液中机械强度高、溶胀小.     

离子交换纤维对亚硫酸法糖汁脱色性能研究

研究了强碱性阴离子交换纤维对亚硫酸法清净糖汁的脱色性能.对沉清工段清汁的脱色效果和影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,阴离子交换纤维对沉清汁的脱色效果明显,脱色后清汁色值低于30 oSt.再生液洗脱再生反复使用90次后,脱色效果达84%.与717强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂相比具有脱色容量高、脱色速度快、再生速度快和抗污染能力强等优点.通过离子交换纤维的脱色处理,亚硫酸法清净糖汁可以达到制备优质糖的要求.     

高比容量锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)的制备及性能北大核心CSCD

以LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)为研究对象,通过共沉淀法制备了不同F物质的量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%)的LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)三元正极材料(NCM),通过对NCM材料的晶格结构、微观形貌、电化学性能进行分析,结果表明:F掺杂后提高了NCM材料的结晶度,降低了阳离子混乱程度,适量的F掺杂有助于减小NCM三元正极材料的尺寸和提高均匀性,F的掺杂还能够降低NCM三元正极材料的极化现象,初始放电比容量随着F的掺杂含量升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,循环性能随着F的掺杂得到了提高,F掺杂物质的量分数为3%的NCM三元正极材料初始放电比容量167.2 mA·h/g,容量保持率达到98.5%,阻抗较小,电化学性能最优。     

PPS基叔胺离子交换纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)选择性吸附研究

首次报道通过氯甲基化聚苯硫醚纤维的胺化反应制得一种叔胺型离子交换纤维,研究了Cr2O72-和SO42-共存体系中该纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附性能。结果表明,该离子交换纤维具有很高吸附容量,SO42-的存在并不影响该纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附。在溶液pH值为2,Cr(Ⅵ)和SO42-浓度分别为65mg/L和480mg/L条件下,OH-型和SO42-型叔胺离子交换纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量分别为308.09mg/g和335.56mg/g。NaOH溶液可将CrO42-有效洗脱,纤维经过5次吸附-再生循环后,其吸附性能基本保持不变。     

UV-光固化光纤涂料的研制

本文采用环氧丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯丙烯酸酯共混聚合的方法制备出新型的UV-光固化光纤涂料,其主要性能较好.研究了基体组成、引发剂、稀释剂以及固化工艺对UV-固化光纤涂料的光固化速度的影响.通过实验发现,环氧丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的配比为 4:6～6:4、稀释剂的含量不大于20%时固化速度较快、性能较好,同时固化时灯距与固化膜厚度对固化速度的影响较大.     

可溶性氧化-还原介质促进分级结构碳纳米笼的锂氧电池性能

锂氧(Li-O₂)电池因具有超高的理论能量密度而受到人们的关注,但仍面临实际比容量较低、过电势较高和循环稳定性较差等挑战.以具有高比表面积、分级孔结构、丰富缺陷和高电导率等特征的3D分级结构碳纳米笼(hCNC,hierarchical carbon nanocages)为正极材料,构建出具有高放电容量(14080 mAh·g^-1)和良好循环稳定性的Li-O₂电池;当在电解质中添加可溶性乙酰丙酮亚铁(Fe(acac)₂)氧化-还原介质后,其放电容量、倍率性能和良好循环稳定性显著提升,过电势明显下降,如完全放电容量可达23560 mAh·g^-1 (XC-72的7.82倍),在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度和800 mAh·g^-1截止比容量下可稳定循环138圈(远高于未加Fe(acac)₂的68圈和XC-72的13圈),在5.0 A·g^-1高电流密度下仍可稳定循环63圈(远高于未加Fe(acac)     

N_5O_3-TRPO混合萃取剂从碱性氰化液中萃金

研究 N5O3- TRPO混合萃取剂从碱性氰化液中萃取金 ,考察了平衡时间、水相初始 PH值、水相离子强度、金浓度、N5 0 3浓度、磷类添加剂的种类及其浓度、稀释剂、温度、相比等因素对金萃取率的影响 ,绘制了萃取等温线 ,测定了金的饱和容量 ,考察了所选定的萃取体系对银 ( )、铁 ( )、铜 ( )、镍 ( )、锌 ( )的萃取性能 ,计算出了金与这些杂质元素的分离系数。研究了负载有机相中金的反萃。结果表明 N5O3- TRPO ROH正十二烷体系对 Au( CN) 2 具有较高的萃取率和选择性 ,可应用于碱性氰化液中金的萃取分离。     

Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PES/PPS blends

Blends of poly(ether-sulfone) (PES) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with various compositions were prepared using an internal mixer at 290°C and 50 rpm for 10 min. The thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PES/PPS blends have been investigated by means of DSC and DMA. The blends showed two glass transition temperatures corresponding to PPS-rich and PES-rich phases. Both of them decreased obviously for the blends with PES matrix. On the other hand, T_g of PPS and PES phase decreased a little when PPS is the continuous phase. In the blends quenched from molten state the cold crystallization temperature of PPS was detected in the blends of PES/PPS with mass ratio 50/50 and 60/40. The melting point, crystallization temperature and the crystallinity of blended PPS were nearly unaffected when the mass ratio of PES was less than 60%, however, when the amount of PES is over 60% in the blends, the crystallization of PPS chains was hindered. The thermal and the dynamic mechanical properties of the PPS/PES blends were mainly controlled by the continued phase. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

PPESK/PES共混物热性能及动态机械性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了不同重量比例的新型含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)与聚醚砜(PES)共混物.利用热失重(TGA)及动态热机械仪(DMTA)对该共混物的热性能及动态机械性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,在氮气氛围中,PPESK热分解分为两步反应进行,反应级数n=1,说明PPESK在氮气氛围中的热分解反应类型与β(升温速率)无关而与材料物性有关;采用Ozawa方法得出在15%热失重前,热分解活化能的平均值为240 kJ/mol;随着升温速率的提高,PPESK热降解速率有减缓趋势.在280℃以前,PPESK储能模量值随温度变化较小,保持在较高值,温度在280~330℃之间,储能模量值降低幅度突变.另外,PPESK中加入PES会降低其储能模量值及其热稳定性.     

Effect of methyl as the simplest C–H side group on the significant variation of physical properties of biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate)

Through a melt polycondensation, novel poly(ethylene succinate-co-1,2-propylene succinate) (PEPS) copolymers were synthesized in this work. The thermal behavior, crystal structure, morphology, and mechanical and rheological properties of PEPS copolymers and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) homopolymer were extensively investigated and compared with each other. Relative to PES, an increase in 1,2-propylene succinate (PS) units content slightly increased the glass transition temperature and apparently decreased the melting point and equilibrium melting point of PEPS copolymers. PEPS copolymers had the similar high thermal stability as PES. The introduction of PS units did not change the crystal structure of PES. As the content of PS units increased, the nucleation density and growth rate of PEPS spherulites both decreased. The Young's modulus of PEPS copolymers gradually decreased, while the elongation at break increased significantly with increasing the content of PS units. In addition, the rheological behavior study illustrated that the complex viscosities, storage modulus and loss modulus of PES and its copolymers first increased and then decreased with increasing the content of PS units. In brief, the minor change in the chemical structure may bring the significant variation of physical properties between PEPS copolymers and PES.     

Incorporation of carbon nanotubes into polyethylene by high energy ball milling: Morphology and physical properties

High energy ball milling (HEBM) was utilized, as an innovative process, to incorporate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a polyethylene (PE) matrix avoiding: high temperatures, solvents, ultrasonication, chemical modification of carbon nanotubes. Composites with 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 wt % of carbon nanotubes were prepared. Films were obtained melting the powders in a hot press. Morphology and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, electrical properties) were evaluated. The used processing conditions allowed to obtain a satisfactory level of dispersion of CNTs into the PE matrix with a consequent improvement of the physical properties of the samples. The thermal degradation was significantly delayed already with 1–2% wt of CNTs. The mechanical properties resulted greatly improved for low filler content (up to 3% wt). The electrical measurements showed a percolation threshold in the range 1–3 wt % of CNTs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 597–606, 2007     

Relationships between nanostructure and thermomechanical properties in poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposite with an entrapped polyelectrolyte

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite (PVA/MOM) hydrogels containing coacervated microparticles of sulfonated polyester (PES) were prepared by direct mixture of the components in water. The system was characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The influence of PES and MOM on the microstructure of the nanocomposite hydrogels was established. The presence of PES causes a significant change on the crystallinity of PVA. Furthermore, the presence of MOM leads to a hierarchical nanostructure that also contributes to change the crystallinity of PVA. The results of structural investigation are correlated with the mechanical properties of the composites obtained by DMA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2618–2629, 2008     

Ultrafiltration polyanionic poly (3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) membranes with enhanced antifouling and water flux

Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are prevalent in the field of water treatment owing to their exceptional separation efficiency, robust mechanical properties, and resistance to chemical degradation. Nevertheless, these membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decrease in both flux and ultrafiltration efficiency. In the present study, PES membranes are blended with poly (3-Sulfopropyl Methacrylate) (PSPMA) in various weight percentages (0%–3%) to improve their antifouling and ultrafiltration properties. The physicochemical properties of the blended membranes, including surface morphology, contact angle, hydrophilicity and surface energy are evaluated. The findings indicate that incorporation PSPMA results in an enhancement of the hydrophilic properties and surface charge of the PES membranes, assessed by employing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a representative protein. Modified blended membranes display greater Flux Recovery Ratio (FRR%) and exhibit superior fouling resistance. Under the same experimental conditions (0.2 MPa applied pressure), a pure water flux of 154.18 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for PES/PSPMA membrane found substantially greater than pure PES membrane (103.52 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹) along with Total Fouling Ratio (TFR) of 36% and 64.9% respectively. Exceptional antimicrobial efficacy for modified membranes is revealed against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using disc diffusion technique rendering them well-suited for water treatment applications.     

Processing and properties of engineering plastics recycled from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

The characteristics of engineering plastics used in the preparation of electrical and electronic equipment were studied. More specifically, their thermal response was recorded by DSC experiments, the rheological properties were investigated via MFI tests and the mechanical properties were evaluated with tensile tests. The aim was to establish a procedure for recycling the same engineering plastics deriving from waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), which offers the additional advantage of using the as-received waste stream as a recyclable mixture, i.e. without sorting and classification of its components.The experimental results showed that blends of PC with ABS or ABS/HIPS can be prepared by direct mixing and this, would allow easy handling of the engineering plastics coming from WEEE, i.e. blending without the need of sorting. These mixtures can be easily processed and display acceptable mechanical properties with reasonable cost. Therefore, the processing characteristics and properties of the systems studied in this work could be the key for the design of an interesting approach for handling solid plastic waste from electrical and electronic devices.     

Anti-scratch and transparency properties of transparent conductive carbon nanotube films improved by incorporating polyethoxysiloxane

Transparent conductive films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were fabricated by a simple method to significantly enhance anti-scratch and transparency properties by the incorporation of polyethoxysiloxane (PES). The reasons for changes in the mechanical properties and transmittance were investigated through the reflection property and morphology of thin films. With the incorporation of PES, the sheet resistance of the SWCNT thin film remained unchanged after the anti-scratch test. It was found that the transmittance of the thin films suddenly increased when the thickness of the PES layer was ca 100 nm. Although the PES incorporation resulted in a slight increase in the sheet resistance, the experimental results revealed that the sheet resistance of the SWCNT thin films with PES was lower than that of films without PES for the same transmittance due to the increase of the transmittance caused by the PES incorporation. We have demonstrated that the sheet resistance was halved at a transmittance of ～86% due to PES incorporation. SWCNT thin films with PES showed better electrical properties than those without PES after a bend test.     

Microstructure and free volume evaluation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite hydrogels

A new type of organic/inorganic nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared by introducing small amount of natural montmorillonite (MOM) into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sulfonated polyester (PES) system. The crystalline structure and crystallinity degree were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray spectroscopy (WAXS). The presence of PES leads to an increase in the crystallinity degree of the PVA matrix and a significant decrease in the melting temperature. The addition of small amount of clay (1-5%) resulted in an increase of the average crystallite dimension, crystallinity degree and melting temperature, as compared to the PVA/PES system. The presence of the clay resulted in a substantial increase on the free volume size, as suggesting by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). This result suggests a lower packing efficiency of the PVA chain and the formation of a PVA-MOM interfacial layer. This interfacial layer and the increasing of the mobility of the PVA chain by the presence of the clay reflects also in a decrease of the glass transition temperature, determined by dynamic mechanical analysis.     

Poly(urethane‐co‐benzoxazine)s via reaction of phenol terminated urethane prepolymers and benzoxazine monomer and investigation of their properties

In the present work, a new method was developed for the combination of polyurethanes (PUs) and polybenzoxazine (PBz) to obtain novel thermoset poly(urethane‐co‐benzoxazine)s with good thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties as well as low temperature curing profile. Knowing the catalytic effect of compounds possessing free phenolic groups on ring opening polymerization of benzoxazine monomers, preparation of phenol terminated urethane oligomers (PTPU) as the macroinitiator for a benzoxazine monomer (Ba) was considered. Firstly, NCO‐terminated urethane prepolymers were prepared from the reaction of poly(tetramethyleneether glycol), and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate, and then end functionalized with bisphenol‐A under proper condition. DSC, DMTA, and gel content measurements were applied to find optimum ring opening polymerization condition (170°C for 1 hr and 200°C for 15 min). Various kinds of thermoset polymers were prepared by the reaction of PTPU at different molecular weights with variable contents of Ba. All of monomeric and polymeric materials were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and their thermal, mechanical, viscoelastic, and electrical properties were measured and properties were correlated to their structure. Due to the interesting properties of these new materials, the possibility of using them as electrical insulators with higher service temperature in comparison to common PUs were examined and their potential applicability was confirmed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.