甲胎蛋白光寻址电位式传感器的研究

研究了基于光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)的无标记甲胎蛋白免疫检测。采用共价交联的方法在光寻址电位传感器的敏感膜表面固定甲胎蛋白抗体,根据蛋白质分子特异性结合会引起膜电位变化进行检测;对度为400μg/L甲胎蛋白抗原的响应约为11mV;不同浓度的甲胎蛋白抗原的响应同浓度呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0．9996;各个芯片对不同浓度AFP膜电位响应的相对标准偏差小于6％。验证了采用光寻址电位传感器技术检测甲胎蛋白的可行性,为多参数蛋白质芯片的研究提供了理论和实验数据。     

一种新型汞离子选择薄膜传感器

采用脉冲激光沉积技术,在光寻址电位传感器表面上沉积了对二价汞离子敏感的薄膜,制备了一种新型汞离子选择薄膜传感器,靶材成分为HgAgIS,基底为p型单晶硅片,金属接触层为Cr/Au。该薄膜传感器在3星期内显示了良好的重复性和稳定性;检出限为3×10-6mol/L;响应时间小于2min,适用pH范围小于2。对干扰离子和迟滞效应等也进行了研究。该传感器具有测量快速灵活、所需样品少、动态范围宽等特点,因为把电位信号转化为对光激发的交流电流信号进行测量,所以提高了灵敏度。同时也证明了脉冲激光沉积是适合制备薄膜传感器的一种新技术。     

光波导乙醇气体传感器的研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为敏感试剂固定在钾(K⁺)离子交换玻璃光波导表面,研制了光波导乙醇气体传感器.该传感器具有可逆性好、灵敏度高、响应速度快、选择性和重现性好、能在室温操作等特点.     

基于硫堇掺杂的聚乙烯醇薄膜的光波导传感器检测硫化氢气体

采用旋转甩涂法将硫堇掺杂的聚乙烯醇薄膜固定在K⁺交换玻璃光波导表面,研制出一种高灵敏硫化氢气体传感器。 传感膜与硫化氢(H₂S)气体作用时,薄膜颜色从紫色变为无色,从而降低薄膜对倏逝波的吸收,使传感器的输出光强度（信号）增强。 采用流动注射法对H₂S气体进行检测。 实验结果表明,H₂S传感器对浓度在0.14~56 mg/m3范围的H₂S气体具有良好的线性响应（r=0.99667）,检出限为0.11 mg/m³(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为4.0%,响应时间（t90）＜2 s。 该传感器具有灵敏度高、响应快、可逆性和重复性好等特点。     

光电化学传感器的研究进展

光电化学传感器是基于物质的光电转换特性确定待测物浓度的一类检测装置．光电化学检测方法灵敏度高、设备简单、易于微型化,已经成为一种极具应用潜力的分析方法．本文主要介绍光电化学传感器的基本原理、特点、分类,并对有代表性的研究和发展前景做了总结和评述．     

铂单晶电极表面下不可逆反应动力学(III)

在本系列研究论文Ⅰ[1]和Ⅱ[2]报导的结果基础上，进一步发展动力学数据解析方法．通过改变反应体系的温度，首次获得甲酸在Pt（100），Pt（110），Pt（111）电极上直接氧化反应的表观活化Gibbs自由能（△G≠0）．在实验选定的标准状态下，即0．0V／SCE、298．15K和1．013×105Pa下，来算得到。还发现传递系数β在实验温度范围（283．15～303．15K）不随温度变化，但随电极表面原子排列结构变化，大小次序与△G≠0的变化一致．     

基于丝网印刷电极的甲胎蛋白电化学免疫传感器

报道了一种基于金纳米粒子(AuNPs)双重信号放大的高灵敏电化学免疫传感器,并应用于肝癌标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)的检测。通过在丝网印刷电极(SPE)表面电沉积AuNPs提高电极的重现性,利用AuNPs的吸附作用固定AFP抗体,用于捕获样品中的待测AFP抗原,并进一步与固定了辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记检测抗体的纳米金免疫探针发生特异性结合,所形成的夹心免疫复合物可以催化底物得到响应电流。用扫描电镜(SEM)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等技术研究电极组装过程以及电极的化学性质,讨论了影响免疫传感器性能的因素。在最优实验条件下,传感器的峰电流信号与AFP浓度在2.5~30ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.16ng/mL。该传感器具有灵敏度高、成本低、仪器体积小的优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

光电化学型半导体生物传感器

光电化学型半导体生物传感器是一种利用半导体的光电特性来检测与光生电流或光生电压相关的待测物质浓度及生化过程参数的分析新技术。随着新兴半导体功能材料及相关加工技术的不断涌现,光电化学型半导体生物传感器已在微型化、集成化、多点及多参数测量方面显现出优势、有望在复杂体系中实现在线高灵敏、快速测定,在生物、医药、环境监测、食品等领域显示出广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了光电化学型半导体传感器的基本原理、特点及近几年的研究进展,并对其发展前景做了展望。     

基于铂薄膜电极的电化学型甲醛传感器

制做了液相体系中以铂薄膜电极作为工作电极的甲醛电化学传感器。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对铂薄膜电极的物相和表面形貌进行表征。在外加电压为0.7 V,电解液H2SO4溶液浓度为0.1mol/L时,传感器的响应信号与甲醛浓度在0.561~18.71μmol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=0.4085c+2.746(R2=0.9904),传感器对甲醛的响应时间(T 90)约为60 s。     

光电化学传感器的研究进展

光电化学传感器以光作为激发源,以光电流或光电压作为检测信号,具有响应快速、灵敏度高、设备简单等特点,目前已在环境、食品、医学等多个领域的分析测试中得到广泛应用。该文阐述了光电转换材料与光电化学传感器的制备方法,介绍了光电化学传感器的原理和分类。光电化学传感器包含光寻址电位型传感器和电流型光电化学传感器,其中,电流型光电化学传感器由于优良的光电性能、检出限低、所需材料低廉且易加工等优势而被广泛应用。文中着重介绍了电流型光电化学传感器在金属离子、有机污染物、核酸、蛋白质、细胞等方面的应用,并对光电化学传感器的发展前景进行了展望。     

生化需氧量微生物传感器性能优化的研究

本文通过对几种微生物的筛选，找到活性较高的河流污泥微生物制成生化需氧量传感器，重点进行了培养基成分及测试条件等方面的优化，实验结果表明，电极对ＢＯＤ标准物质线性响应范围为１０－６０ｍｇ／Ｌ响应时间为１５ｍｉｎ，连续稳定地工作寿命在３０天以上，用于实际污水测定时，与ＢＯＤ５有良好的相关性。     

Facile Fabrication of Multi‐targeted and Stable Biochemical SERS Sensors

The direct transfer of single‐crystalline Au nanowires (NWs) onto Au substrates was achieved by a simple attachment and detachment process. In the presence of a lubricant, Au NWs grown vertically on a sapphire substrate were efficiently moved to an Au substrate through van der Waals interactions. We demonstrate that the transferred Au NWs on the Au substrate can act as sensitive, reproducible, and long‐term‐stable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors by detecting human α‐thrombin as well as Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ions. These three biochemically and/or environmentally important analytes were successfully detected with high sensitivity and selectivity by Au NW‐SERS sensors bound by a thrombin‐binding aptamer. Furthermore, the as‐prepared sensors remained in working order after being stored under ambient conditions at room temperature for 80 days. Because Au NWs can be routinely transferred onto Au substrates and because the resultant Au NW‐SERS sensors are highly stable and provide with high sensitivity and reproducibility of detection, these sensors hold potential for practical use in biochemical sensing.     

Environmental significance of wearable sensors based on MXene and graphene

Conductive layered materials such as MXenes (e.g., transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides), graphene and their derivatives have attracted tremendous research interests in diverse fields of research for their unique structured merits and outstanding physical and chemical properties. Benefitting from their unique layered structures and fascinating multifunctional characteristic, MXenes and graphene serve as vital components in a variety of wearable devices. Especially, due to their large surface area and high electrocatalytic activity, these materials have also demonstrated great promise in biophysical and biochemical sensing systems. Following an introduction into the field, we summarize the recent progress in wearable sensors that can be accomplished by using layered materials, with a specific focus on kinematic, mechanical, thermal, pressure and strain sensors. A further large section underscores the recent progress in MXenes and graphene based wearable biochemical sensors including electrolyte monitoring, glucose monitoring, micro/mcromolecular organics metabolite, volatile gases monitoring and humidity sensors. The next section covers the sensing of small biomolecules serving as biomarkers, which are of great significance for early diagnosis and treatment of a spectrum of diseases. This review underscores the recent progress in wearable sensors to be used in different physiological and environmental signals. Finally, the review concludes with a debate on current challenges being faced and future perspectives.     

手性传感器研究进展

手性工程的崛起对简单、经济、快速、实时、在线的手性检测技术提出了挑战。手性传感器是一个重要的发展趋势。本文综述了近年来在手性电化学传感器、基于石英晶体微天平的手性质量化学传感器及手性光学传感器方面的研究进展,重点介绍了各种传感器的制备及其在手性检测中的应用,并展望了该领域的发展前景。     

Potentiometric Dipyridamole Sensors Based on Lipophilic Ion Pair Complexes and Native Ionic Polymer Membranes

Abstract

A new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of lecithin. Using enoxacine (ENX)‐terbium ion (Tb³⁺) as a fluorescent probe, in a buffer solution at pH=5.80, lecithin can remarkably reduce the fluorescence intensity of the ENX‐Tb³⁺ complex at λ=545 nm; the reduced fluorescence intensity of the Tb³⁺ ion is proportional to the concentration of lecithin. Optimum conditions for the determination of lecithin were also investigated. The linear range and detection limit for the determination of lecithin were 1.96×10^?7–9.8×10^?6 mol l^?1 and 9.74×10^?8 mol l^?1. This method is simple, practical and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances, and can be successfully applied to assess lecithin in serum samples.     

Self-Powered Sensors: New Opportunities and Challenges from Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials have gained considerable attention over the last decade, finding applications in emerging fields such as wearable sensors, biomedical care, and implantable electronics. However, these applications require miniaturization operating with extremely low power levels to conveniently sense various signals anytime, anywhere, and show the information in various ways. From this perspective, a crucial field is technologies that can harvest energy from the environment as sustainable, self-sufficient, self-powered sensors. Here we revisit recent advances in various self-powered sensors: optical, chemical, biological, medical, and gas. A timely overview is provided of unconventional nanomaterial sensors operated by self-sufficient energy, focusing on the energy source classification and comparisons of studies including self-powered photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric technology. Integration of these self-operating systems and new applications for neuromorphic sensors are also reviewed. Furthermore, this review discusses opportunities and challenges from self-powered nanomaterial sensors with respect to their energy harvesting principles and sensing applications.     

Thin film composite optical waveguides for sensor applications: a review

We review the design and fabrication of thin-film composite optical waveguides (OWG) with high refractive index for sensor applications. A highly sensitive optical sensor device has been developed on the basis of thin-film, composite OWG. The thin-film OWG was deposited onto the surface of a potassium-ion-exchanged (K⁺) glass OWG by sputtering or spin coating (5–9 mm wide, and with tapers at both ends). By allowing an adiabatic transition of the guided light from the secondary OWG to the thin-film OWG, the electric field of the evanescent wave at the thin film was enhanced. The attenuation of the guided light in the thin film layer was small, and the guided light intensity changed sensitively with the refractive index of the cladding layer. Our experimental results demonstrate that thin-film, composite OWG gas sensors or immunosensors are much more sensitive than sensors based on other technologies.     

利用荧光响应的台式生化需氧量传感仪器的研制

利用氧荧光猝灭原理研制了台式生化需氧量(BOD)传感检测仪器。仪器的工作系统由检测系统和软件系统两部分组成。该检测仪操作简便,检测快速,可进行海水BOD含量的现场检测。仪器的性能考察结果表明,在0.5~50mg/L浓度范围内BOD响应的线性相关系数为0.9978。实际海水样品的检测结果显示,仪器对海水样品的平行测定结果相对标准偏差小于±5%,并且与标准五日生化需氧量(BOD5)方法所获得的数值的相关性为0.99。仪器具有较长的使用寿命和良好的稳定性。     

智能手机在生化传感分析中的应用进展

该文主要综述了基于智能手机生化检测的光学和电化学检测技术,及其在生化传感分析中强大的通信手段。重点介绍了智能手机集成的生化传感器技术的性能、优点,及其在生化检测中的应用,讨论了目前智能手机在生化传感分析方面存在的局限性和面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向和潜在的机遇。