利用AFM和SNOM对淋巴细胞膜表面超微结构及其光学性质的初步研究

利用原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscopy，AFM)对淋巴细胞表面形貌进行了形态学的初步研究，观察到了其膜表面其他显微技术所不能发现的超微结构．同时也运用扫描近场光学显微镜(Scanning Near field Optical Microscopy，SNOM)对淋巴细胞进行成像，观察了其对光的透射、吸收等光学性质，并对两种成像方法进行了比较．研究发现：淋巴细胞膜表面凹凸不平，分布着大量直径几十到几百纳米不等的小颗粒；淋巴细胞中央部位有自发荧光现象．结果表明，AFM和SNOM可作为进一步探讨淋巴细胞的结构与功能关系的有力工具．     

利用原子力显微镜探测人正常与慢性淋巴白血病外周血B淋巴细胞

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法得到人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),并结合磁珠分选的方法进一步纯化得到正常B淋巴细胞,探索了正常和肿瘤B淋巴细胞之间的差异。通过应用具有高分辨率的原子力显微镜(AFM)对正常人和慢性淋巴白血病人外周血B淋巴细胞进行成像,并对这两种B淋巴细胞的高度、直径、体积及膜表面的颗粒平均高度、平均粗糙度和颗粒分布进行测量,对比观察两组细胞膜表面宏观和纳米结构的变化。结果表明,慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞比正常的B淋巴细胞高大,细胞膜表面颗粒更大且细胞膜粗糙。此外,对这两组淋巴细胞进行了机械性质方面的测量和统计,结果发现慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞粘附力(524.1±160.0)pN比正常B淋巴细胞粘附力(1091±260)pN约小1倍,且癌变的B淋巴细胞硬度明显比正常的小。当正常细胞癌变时,细胞的形貌、超微结构及骨架会发生一定的改变。实验证明应用AFM可在形态学和机械性质上明显区别正常和慢性淋巴白血病B淋巴细胞,为临床诊断慢性淋巴白血病提供新的技术手段。     

基于AFM的药物刺激前后淋巴瘤活细胞的形貌及弹性的变化

原子力显微镜(AFM)的发明为研究单个活细胞的形貌结构及物理特性提供了新的技术手段.然而,由于缺少合适的固定方法,利用AFM对动物悬浮活细胞的形貌进行高分辨率成像还面临着巨大的挑战.本文提出一种基于微柱阵列和静电吸附相结合的动物悬浮细胞固定方法.通过微柱阵列的机械钳制和多聚赖氨酸的静电吸附实现了对单个淋巴瘤B细胞的固定,并在此基础上利用AFM动态观测了不同浓度Rituximab刺激下淋巴瘤B细胞的表面形貌及弹性的变化.经过0.2 mg·mL-1的Rituximab刺激2 h后,细胞表面的褶皱增加,细胞的杨氏模量从196 kPa减小到183 kPa.经过0.5 mg·mL-1的Rituximab刺激2 h后,细胞形貌发生显著变化并出现突起结构,细胞的杨氏模量从234 kPa减小到175 kPa.实验结果表明淋巴瘤细胞形貌和弹性变化的幅度随着Rituximab刺激浓度的增加而增加,加深了对Rituximab作用效果的认识.     

OTS自组装单分子膜形成过程的AFM研究

研究表明,十八烷基三氯硅烷（octadecyltrichlorosilane,OTS）分子能够在羟基固体基（hydroxylicsubstrate）表面上通过自组装方式形成单分子膜’‘’．这一现象一经发现,便因其在众多研究领域中具有重要的应用价值而得到广泛的关注．但是迄今为止,对OTS在羟基因体基表面上形成自组装单分子膜的反应机理仍不十分清楚,文献中存在许多不同的观点．近年来,原子力显微镜（AtomicForceMicroscope,AFM）技术“‘在众多研究领域中获得了广泛的应用．运用AFM不仅可以获得样品表面纳米级三维结构信息,而且随着实验技术的不断进步,AF…     

运用功能化修饰的碳纳米管针尖测量配体-受体的作用力

电弧法自制碳纳米管原子力显微镜针尖,对其末端进行功能化修饰,然后测量配体-受体之间的作用力。运用没有功能化修饰的碳纳米管针尖与修饰有亲和素分子的基底进行接触测量时,没有粘滞力出现;而运用末端修饰生物素分子的碳纳米管针尖测量时,有粘滞力产生。功能化的碳纳米管针尖直接测得的粘滞力均大约200pN,此值符合一对配体生物素和受体亲和素之间的作用力。这一结果很难用传统的针尖获得,功能化修饰的碳纳米管针尖能够克服传统针尖在力测量中的局限,在生物学和化学领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

植物血凝素与金色葡萄球菌肠毒素刺激人外周血单个核细胞的比较研究

比较了植物血凝素(PHA)与金色葡萄球菌肠毒素(SEA)对外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)的刺激效果。取健康人外周静脉血,分离得到PBMCs,分别加入PHA及SEA进行刺激并孵育12 h,利用原子力显微镜和倒置荧光显微镜观察细胞形态变化,利用量子点联合共聚焦显微镜观察活化后细胞膜表面CD3、CD69的分布情况,利用流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞活化早期细胞分化抗原CD69分子表达的变化情况。结果显示,丝裂原PHA刺激的淋巴细胞大多成群聚集,而超抗原SEA刺激的淋巴细胞大多呈分散状,且二者形态有明显差异;两组活化后淋巴细胞的体积均大于静息组,且活化过程中发生极化作用,迁移淋巴细胞,形成膜突起;丝裂原和超抗原刺激淋巴细胞12 h后,使淋巴细胞表达CD69抗原分子,但在量表达上存在差异性(PHA:39.5%±8.7%;SEA:8.3%±1.8%),抗原分子CD3和CD69在膜表面呈不均匀分布,且SEA活化后的T淋巴细胞表面受体CD3和CD69分子在空间上形成了微结构域;外周单个核细胞中其它非T细胞在丝裂原或者超抗原的刺激下也能表达活化抗原分子CD69。     

化学力显微镜对自组装单分子膜的力滴定研究

The concept of force titration was firstly proposed based on the technique of Chemical Force Microscopy (CFM). Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) on substrate surface can be titrated with buffer solutions at a nanometer scale by measuring the adhesion force between the SAM-modified substrate and probe tip. The plot of adhesion force vs pH value was termed as force titration curve. As an example, the titration behavior of w-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on gold has been studied. It was found that there is a big hump around pH 5~6 in its force titration curve. Taking the contact angle titration result together, an interaction model for the monolayer was suggested from the chemical hysteresis point of view.     

基于原子力显微镜的人外周血CD8+T细胞形貌观察与力谱分析

体外分离人外周血CD8+T细胞,用植物凝结素(PHA)刺激活化,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察CD8+T细胞的形貌,并结合针尖修饰技术对力谱进行分析,确定了CD8抗原分子的分布.结果表明,与静息的CD8+T细胞相比,活化后的CD8+T细胞直径和高度增大,细胞表面变得更粗糙;CD8抗原-抗体的相互作用力大约是非特异性黏附力的5倍,活化后的CD8+T细胞上特异性黏附力(即CD8抗原分子位置)分布不均匀,其表面的CD8抗原分子分布以纳米团簇分布为主,CD8分子聚集更为明显,CD8+T细胞上CD8抗原-抗体相互作用力不随着活化而发生明显变化,说明CD8抗原-抗体之间具有高选择性.原子力显微镜为特异性T细胞的抗原识别和活化研究提供了一种新手段,能够使T细胞抗原识别和活化的机制得到更好地阐明.     

3种口腔复合树脂表面纳米结构与聚合收缩的AFM分析

应用原子力显微镜(AFM)探测了Z100、P60和流动性光固化复合树脂(FLO) 3种光固化复合树脂的表面结构形貌、超微结构,测量修复体与牙体界面之间的距离,对树脂的聚合收缩进行了量化分析.从AFM图像及数据统计分析发现,不同组成的复合树脂表面具有不同的纳米结构.Z100的表面粗糙度最小,P60表面粗糙度最大.Z100表面聚集体颗粒的高度最小,为90.9 ～288.0 nm,主要分布在181.1 nm;P60表面聚集体颗粒的高度最大,为215 ～485 nm,主要分布在335 nm;FLO表面聚集体颗粒的高度分布在97.0 ～296 nm,主要分布在216 nm.Z100修复体与牙体界面距离和聚合收缩最大,与P60和FLO组相比有统计学差异(P<0.01);P60和FLO树脂与牙体界面距离和聚合收缩量相近,2组间无统计学差异(P>0.05).该研究为材料的改进和研制提供了依据.     

原子力显微镜中探针与样品间作用力及AFM的应用

综合讨论了原子力显微镜 (AFM)中探针与样品间作用力 ,特别是范德华力的形成机制 ;并假定针尖形状为抛物形 ,定量研究了针尖与样品间作用力 ,探讨了AFM的若干应用。     

TMDSC and Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Morphology and Recrystallization in Polyesters Including Oriented Films

The thermal and crystal morphological properties of poly[ethylene teraphthalate] (PET) and poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) biaxially oriented films were compared to amorphous and other isotropic semi-crystalline samples. Crystal melting as a function of temperature was characterized by temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and found to begin just above the glass transition for both oriented films. About 75°C above the glass transitions, substantial exothermic recrystallization begins and continues through the final melting region in oriented films. The maximum in the non-reversing TMDSC signal for the oriented films signifies the maximum recrystallization exothermic activity with peaks at 248°C and 258°C for PET and PEN, respectively. The final melting endotherm detected was 260°C and 270°C for PET and PEN, and is shown by the TMDSC data and by independent rapid heating rate melting point determinations to be due to the melting of species recrystallized during the heating scan. The results are compared with TMDSC data for initially amorphous and melt crystallized samples. The volume fraction of rigid species (F_rigid=total crystal fraction plus rigid amorphous or non-crystalline species) were measured by TMDSC glass transition data, and contrasted with the area fraction of rigid species at the oriented film surface characterized with very high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase data. The data suggest that the 11 nm wide hard domains in PET, and 21 nm wide domains in PEN film detected by AFM consist of both crystal and high stiffness interphase species.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于原子力显微镜的高分子单分子力学研究

原子力显微镜(AFM)从根本上改变了人们对单个原子和分子的作用和认识方式。单分子力谱是基于原子力显微镜力的测量方法。概速了近年来利用基于原子力显微镜的单分子力谱研究单个高分子分子内及分子闻作用力的进展。     

ＧＳＨ-Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）配合物在硅片表面形貌的ＡＦＭ 分析

用原子力显微镜观察了谷胱甘肽-镉、铜配合物在硅片表面的形貌。低浓度时,谷胱甘肽-镉配合物主要以类球体颗粒无序地分散在基底表面,其表观高度和长度分别为(3.6±0.1) nm 和(60±10) nm 。随着浓度的增加,出现由小颗粒聚集而成的簇体。不同的缓冲溶液体系对谷胱甘肽-镉配合物的形貌无明显影响。谷胱甘肽-铜配合物首先由均匀的球体颗粒聚集成长链,然后岁链延伸方向的不同,形成类似于网状和线团状 2 种表面形貌,显示良好的方向性和均匀性。     

AFM study on the adsorption and aggregation behavior of dissolved humic substances on mica

Humic substances (HS) are a category of naturally occurring, biogenic, heterogeneous organic materials found in or extracted from soils, sediments, and natu- ral waters that can generally be characterized as being yellow-to-black in color, of highly variable relative molecular masses, and refractory[1,2]. Derived from a variety of organic precursors (plant biopolymers such as lignin etc.), plant residues and animal debris via both transformation and synthesis processes[3] under the profound ge…     

Surface properties of silk fibroin films and their interaction with fibroblasts

There is a growing interest in the use of silk as a biomaterial for tissue engineering. Silk threads from Bombyx mori have a fibrous core of fibroin, the protein responsible for biocompatibility and bioactivity, which is surrounded by a family of "gummy" proteins, called sericins, which are almost completely removed during silk degumming. Three different methanol treatments on regenerated fibroin films were used to convert viscous solutions of Silk I to an insoluble crystalline form (Silk II), in an attempt to devise new processing protocols for the creation of a cell guiding fibroin surface. Human fibroblasts (MRC5 line) were used as probes of the cell-biomaterial interaction in the early stages of the process (1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 4 d after seeding). The effect of each treatment on cell adhesion, spreading and distribution was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was correlated to superficial properties (like roughness and crystallinity) and fibroin conformation by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), used in both topographical and acoustic mode, and attenuated total internal reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). It was found that traditional methanol treatments where fibroin films were soaked in methanol solution produced roughness patterns that affected only the very early stages of fibroblast adhesion (until 3 h from seeding), while the new treatment proposed could really dialogue with the cells. Its non-homogeneous surface can explain the existence of cells spreading in specific directions and the presence of cell repellent areas even 4 d after seeding.     

AFM imaging of RGD presenting synthetic extracellular matrix using gold nanoparticles

Several high-resolution imaging techniques such as FESEM, TEM and AFM are compared with respect to their application on alginate hydrogels, a widely used polysaccharide biomaterial. A new AFM method applicable to RGD peptides covalently conjugated to alginate hydrogels is described. High-resolution images of RGD adhesion ligand distribution were obtained by labeling biotinylated RGD peptides with streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles. This method may broadly provide a useful tool for sECM characterization and design for tissue regeneration strategies.     

Strength of polymer phase boundaries with large interfacial width: Effects of interfacial profile and phase separation morphology

In this study, we investigate the effect of random copolymer additives on the interfacial profile, the lateral phase separation morphology, and the interfacial fracture toughness (G_c) between two immiscible polymers. The interface between polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was reinforced with a random copolymer mixture when two or more PS_f ‐r‐PMMA_1‐f random copolymers with different volume fraction, f, were blended. For short annealing time (<3 h), the random copolymer mixture exhibits a disordered and large domain structure (>1 lm) from which crazes can be extensively initiated and developed, leading to a large interfacial fracture energy. With increasing annealing time, the random copolymer mixture self‐organizes as multiple layers, with the composition that changes gradually from PS‐rich layers to PMMA‐rich layers across the interface, leading to a large interfacial width. However, within each layer, the random copolymer mixture microphase separates laterally into smaller domains (<200 nm). We found that the microphase‐separated domains with nanometer‐sized structure significantly affect the stability of craze fibrils that can be initiated and widened at the interface, leading to a decrease in the fracture energy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1834–1846, 2010