顺磁共振和傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究高温对荒漠苔藓质膜结构影响

运用顺磁共振波谱和原位傅立叶变换显微红外光谱研究了高温对荒漠植物刺叶墙藓不同叶龄水合组织质膜透性和膜蛋白二级结构的影响。自旋标记法研究质膜透性结果表明,处理前野生叶质膜透性普遍高于室内培养获得的原丝体和次生叶,处理后次生叶膜透性变化最大,比处理前增加4倍,其次为原丝体。质膜透性随叶龄增加,变化幅度逐渐降低。红外光谱的二阶求导、傅立叶自解卷积及拟合分峰等结果显示,各叶龄间蛋白质二级结构含量差异较大,表明各龄组织蛋白成分不完全相同;高温处理后次生叶和原丝体α螺旋含量分别比对照增加40%和16%;其它叶龄组织二级结构含量变化范围小,表明热胁迫下老龄组织蛋白质二级结构稳定。膜透性和膜蛋白二级结构分析证明,膜透性和蛋白质稳定性呈正相关,指示蛋白质组成和含量不同是造成各龄组织不同耐热性的主要原因之一。     

全α蛋白质体系能量转变的分子动力学模拟

采用简化的NHP模型并考虑蛋白质链的二级结构信息,对全α型蛋白质链进行构建.利用分子动力学模拟研究全α蛋白质体系势能的变化情况,得出键伸缩和弯曲能量随蛋白质的链长线性增加;单键的伸缩能和弯曲能随着温度的升高而线性增加,且伸缩能比弯曲能随温度的增加更为明显的结论.键扭转能随二级结构α螺旋数目的增加而线性降低,随温度的上升,扭转能变化呈现先增加后减少的趋势.非键能的大小随疏水残基在蛋白质组分中的比例增加而降低,但线性关系不明显.键扭转能和非键能都存在转变温度.蛋白质链的结构是由多种势能协同作用的结果,键能和非键能的相互竞争以及组成蛋白质链的氨基酸亲疏水性和二级结构组分都会影响蛋白质体系的能量,这些结果对深入理解蛋白质的结构提供理论依据.     

Pb~(2+)-牛血清白蛋白复合体系中蛋白质二级结构的研究

采用紫外光谱、红外光谱和圆二色谱法研究了Pb2+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用和蛋白质微观结构的变化。紫外光谱表明,Pb2+与BSA肽链上的CO存在相互作用,并使蛋白质疏水结构的微环境发生变化;红外光谱研究表明,Pb2+与BSA结合位点可能为—OH和—NH基团,利用二阶导、退卷积和谱线拟合技术对蛋白质红外谱图的酰胺Ⅰ带进行处理推测蛋白质二级结构的变化,结果表明蛋白质α螺旋和β折叠二级结构含量降低,β转角二级结构含量增加;圆二色谱(CD)也表明Pb2+与BSA的结合使蛋白质的构象发生了改变。     

蜂毒肽及其类似物的抗菌活性、溶血活性及与磷脂膜的作用

用CD谱测定了蜂毒肽及其类似物在Tris缓冲液、含2mol/LNaCl的Tris缓冲液和质量分数为10%的六氟异丙醇(HFIP)水溶液中的二级结构.结果表明,蜂毒肽及其类似物在Tris缓冲液中无确定的二级结构.在含2mol/LNaCl的Tris缓冲液中的α-螺旋结构的含量大大增加,表明其形成聚集体.未发现聚集与抗菌活性或溶血活性之间有相关性.在10%HFIP溶液(模拟生物膜环境)中的α-螺旋结构的含量大大增加,表明这些多肽具有内在形成α-螺旋结构的倾向.比较二级结构与抗菌和溶血活性发现,细菌细胞膜促进α-螺旋结构形成的环境比红血球细胞膜和HFIP水溶液强得多,而红血球细胞膜和HFIP水溶液的环境类似.     

胃和结直肠癌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及带ATR探头的中红外光纤系统测定了手术切除的胃癌、结直肠癌及相应的正常组织共31对标本粘膜面的反射红外光谱. 结果表明, 与正常组织相比, 癌组织的红外光谱发生明显变化: (1) 与脂类相关的谱带2955, 2920, 2870, 2850和1740 cm-1出现几率明显低于正常组织(P<0.001), I1460/I1400(I为峰强度)明显降低(P<0.001), 表明癌组织的脂类相对含量降低; (2) 与蛋白质相关谱带N—H和O—H明显红移(P=0.025), 表明N—H和O—H的氢键化程度增加, 癌组织的I3375/I1460, I1640/I1460和I1550/I1460明显升高(P<0.01), 表明癌组织的蛋白质相对于脂类的含量增加, 癌组织的HW1550/I1550(HW为半高宽)明显升高(P=0.036), HW1550则明显降低(P=0.05), 表明癌组织中蛋白质的二级结构发生显著变化; (3) 与醣类相关谱带中癌组织的I1160/I1460降低(P=0.002), 结合组织化学染色, 推测可能是癌组织表面的糖蛋白明显减少造成的, 而I1120/I1460升高(P=0.019)则可能是癌组织表面的糖原颗粒增加所致. (4) 与核酸相关谱带中癌组织的PO的反对称伸缩振动蓝移(P=0.033), 表明癌组织中磷酸基团的氢键化程度降低. 研究结果表明, 红外光谱有望成为诊断恶性肿瘤的有力工具.     

癌细胞的分化程度与镁的相关性

我们通过对186例消化道癌(喉、食道、贲门、胃、大肠),15例肺癌的癌组织中Zn、Mg等8种元素的测定,发现:癌细胞的分化程度(癌的恶性程度越高,其细胞分化就越差)只与Mg的含量有相关性,而与其它元素没有相关性.Mg的湿基中位数(μg/g)(下同)为:中分化:86, 低分化:126,未分化:173.r=0.999,样本数(n)分别为:163,102,41;高分化样本数很少(n=5).实验证明,用癌组织中Mg的含量来确定癌细胞的分化程度,常使病理学诊断中所遇到的某些疑难问题获得满意的解决.     

大肠癌与七种元素关系的分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了38例大肠癌组织及其边缘组织中铬、锰、锌、铁、镁、钙、铜的含量.结果表明,癌组织中锰含量(0.281±0.179)×10-6,镁含量(76.85±17.66)×10-6,高于其边缘组织(P＜0.01).七种元素含量与大肠癌的病理类型及分化程度无关.提示,大肠癌的发生与锰、镁的含量变化有关.     

稻米胚芽谷氨酸脱羧酶的光谱分析

从稻米胚芽中分离纯化得到谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD),经十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、体积排阻高效液相色谱测得米胚GAD为双亚基组成,其相对分子质量为78000,亚基分子质量为40000;紫外-可见光谱特征为420nm处的弱吸收峰,这是辅基PLP与米胚GAD主链结合后产生的;荧光光谱主要表现为Tyr残基的荧光特征,脱辅基前后的荧光光谱完全相似;圆二色谱分析表明,在二级结构中,α-螺旋占13.2%,β-折叠占38.3%,是一种高β-折叠蛋白,脱辅基后蛋白质的二级结构的变化不大。     

β-turn预测的新方法

蛋白质二级结构由一些重复单元和非重复单元组成:前者主要包括α螺旋和β折叠,后者则包括tight turn、bulges和random coil等结构.Tight turn属于不规则结构,大部分结构中至少含有一个氢键,该结构由2～6个残基构成,根据残基个数的不同可将其分为δ-turn、γ-turn、β-turn、α-turn、π-turn五种类型.     

Hg^2＋ -牛血清白蛋白复合体系中蛋白质微观结构的研究

研究了Hg2+在生物体内与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的毒性机理以及蛋白质的微观结构变化.测定了Hg2+与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)复合体系的红外光谱(FT-IR)和圆二色谱(CD),并对图谱进行拟合解析处理.红外光谱实验数据表明Hg2+与BSA发生作用的结合位点可能包括-SH、-OH和-NH基团,采用红外拟合技术对BSA二级结构的变化进行了研究,结果表明蛋白质α-螺旋结构含量降低,β-折叠结构含量升高.圆二色谱图也表明由于一定浓度的Hg2+与BSA结合,从而导致蛋白质的二级结构被破坏,这与拟合红外光谱得到的蛋白质二级结构数据相吻合.Hg2+与牛血清蛋白作用致使蛋白质的构象改变,形成金属离子与蛋白质作用的复合物,因而蛋白质失去活性导致生物体发生病变.     

Chemiluminescent Detection of Carbohydrates in the Tumoral Breast Diseases

Nowadays, there is an increase of investigations into the fibroadenoma, mainly because some studies have shown that the occurrence of fibroadenoma is linked to an increased risk of developing breast carcinoma. Currently, the chemiluminescence biomarkers are applied for validation methods and screening. Here, a lectin chemiluminescence is proposed as new histochemistry method to identify carbohydrates in mammary tumoral tissues. The lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugated to acridinium ester were used to characterize the glycocode of breast tissues: normal, fibroadenoma, and invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). The lectin chemiluminescence expressed in relative light units (RLU) was higher in fibroadenoma and IDC than in normal tissue for both lectins tested. The relationship RLU emission versus tissue area described a linear and hyperbolic curve for IDC and fibroadenoma, respectively, using Con A whereas hyperbolic curves for both transformed tissues using PNA. RLU was abolished by inhibiting the interaction between tissues and lectins using their specific carbohydrates: methyl-α-d-mannoside (Con A) and galactose (PNA). The intrinsic fluorescence emission did not change with combination of the lectins (Con A/PNA) to the acridinium ester for hydrophobic residues. These results represent the lectin chemiluminescence as an alternative of histochemistry method for tumoral diagnosis in the breast.     

三种癌的铬、锰、锌、铜、铁、镁、钙含量

为进一步阐明癌组织与宏量、徽量元素的关系．用原子吸收光谱法测定胃癌、大肠癌、乳腺癌组织及其癌旁组织和同体正常组织中铬、锰、锌、铁、镁、铜和钙的含量．试找这些元素在癌、癌旁及其同体正常组织中的分布规律．测定结果；在胃癌组织中锌的含量比癌旁组织、同体正常组织少。铜的含量比正常组织多。其余五种元素的含量在这三个组织之间比较无明显差异；在大肠癌组织中锰、镁的音量比癌旁组织多．其他五种元素的含量在这三个组织之间比较，无明显差异；在乳腺癌组织中铬，锰和铁的含量比正常组织多。锌、镁、钙的含量比同体正常组织和癌旁组织多，铜的含量在这三个组织中比较无明显差异，总之，胃癌、大肠癌及乳腺癌组织及其癌旁组织和同体正常组织中。上述七种元素的音量是不同的。特别是在乳腺癌组织中除铜以外的六种元素的含量都比正常组织多．值得进一步研究．     

Glycoprotein synthesis as a function of epithelial cell arrangement: biosynthesis and release of glycoproteins by human breast and prostate cells in organ culture.

We demonstrate that a technique is available to investigate glycoprotein synthesis in organ cultures of human breast and prostate surgical specimens where the 3-dimensional epithelial cell arrangement remains intact. Malignant breast and prostate epithelium maintained their capacity to synthesize glycoproteins for at least 3 days as followed by the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into macromolecules. Over 70% of incorporation was by malignant cells as judged by autoradiography. Labeled glycoproteins were released into glandular lumina and consequently into the culture fluid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed predominantly one group of macrmolecules released with an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 +/- 6,000 daltons. This glycoprotein was found in all of the breast specimens studied, which included 1 medullary, 1 infiltrating lobular, and 8 infiltrating duct carcinomas. The pattern was independent of the availability of estrogen receptors. A similar glycoprotein was also observed in the culture media from a Grade I and a Grade II well-differentiated infiltrating prostate carcinoma. Incorporation was below the level of detection in 4 of 6 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A more complex pattern of labeled glycoproteins was found in the media of a Grade II and a Grade III poorly-differentiated prostate carcinoma. The established human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 synthesized and released a similar 48,000 molecular weight glycoprotein but additional components with larger molecular weights were also released. An intriguing interpretation that 3-dimensional tissue integrity restricts some glycoprotein synthesis is discussed. Cells grown in 2-dimensional monolayers could escape from such a topographic restriction and express additional families of glycoproteins.     

Discriminant analysis of trace elements in normal,benign and malignant breast tissues measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence

In this work total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been employed to determine trace element concentrations in different human breast tissues (normal, normal adjacent, benign and malignant). A multivariate discriminant analysis of observed levels was performed in order to build a predictive model and perform tissue-type classifications. A total of 83 breast tissue samples were studied. Results showed the presence of Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu and Zn in all analyzed samples. All trace elements, except Ti, were found in higher concentrations in both malignant and benign tissues, when compared to normal tissues and normal adjacent tissues. In addition, the concentration of Fe was higher in malignant tissues than in benign neoplastic tissues. An opposite behavior was observed for Ca, Cu and Zn. Results have shown that discriminant analysis was able to successfully identify differences between trace element distributions from normal and malignant tissues with an overall accuracy of 80% and 65% for independent and paired breast samples respectively, and of 87% for benign and malignant tissues.     

Breast cancer detection by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

Fourier transform infrared spectra of 75 biopsies from 55 cases of breast carcinoma were studied in comparison with histo-morphometry. The spectra of carcinomatous tissues are very different from those of normal tissues. There are evident correlations between the intensity of some infrared absorption bands and the volume density of malignant cells measured by optical microscopy [7]. Very high correlation coefficients are observed for phosphate monoester and phosphodiester bands; significant correlation coefficients are also observed for amide I and II bands.     

The elemental composition of breast tissue: Can this be related to breast particle deposition?

In vitro instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been performed, yielding a range of minor and trace elemental concentrations for 46 paired samples of surgically-excised cancer breast tissue. In addition results of the soft X-ray microradiography of excised breast specimens have been used to quantify breast-particle clustering parameters, including area of cluster and nearest neighbour distance. Significant differences between elemental composition in histologically normal tissues and tissues exhibiting malignant lesions are supported by the observation of significant differences in particle clustering parameters. These observations have led to the investigation of the possible association between elemental composition of diseased breast tissues and the formation of breast particles. In particular a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) facility has been used to locate breast particles and conduct microanalysis of the particle constiuency. Results indicate these particles to consist of a complex of Ca and other elements including Mg, P, S and the ionic salts Na, Cl and K.     

Ex vivo Application of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Induces High and Specific Porphyrin Levels in Human Skin Tumors: Possible Basis for Selective Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract— In photodynamic therapy with topically applied δ-aminolevulinic acid porphyrins are acting as photosensitiz-ers. The profile of porphyrin metabolites in normal or in neoplastic skin after administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid has not been determined in detail yet. Thus, to study porphyrin biosynthesis in human skin an organ culture model was developed. Explant pieces of normal skin, ker-atoacanthoma, and basal cell carcinoma were incubated with 1 niM δ-aminolevulinic acid for 36 h. Levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins and porphyrin metabolites were measured in tissues and supernatants. After incubation with δ-aminolevulinic acid, higher porphyrin levels were demonstrated in tumors as compared to normal skin. In supernatants, most of formed porphyrins, preferentially highly carboxylated porphyrin metabolites, were measured. The pattern of synthesized porphyrins differed between normal and neoplastic skin explants. In tissues of basal cell carcinomas protoporphyrin was preferentially shown and tissues of keratoacanthomas were characterized by a predominance of coproporphyrin as compared to normal skin. The results show that explant cultures offer an easy approach to examine the porphyrin biosynthesis of various tissues. The tumor-specific δ-aminolevulinic acid metabolism indicates additional porphyrin metabolites such as coproporphyrin apart from protoporphyrin as effective photosensitizers and may offer a novel approach to tumor-selective photodynamic damage.     

Raman spectroscopy study of breast disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vibrational modes of malignant and benign breast tissues with the following diagnosis: fibroadenoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and fibrocystic condition. Quadratic discriminate analysis, a multivariate statistical method of analysis, showed 98.5% separation between normal and altered tissue. Significant changes were observed at the lower Raman shift for altered tissue. For a better understanding of the spectral differences, a biochemical interpretation was also performed in terms of the reduction and oxidation processes in the cell environment which could be associated with an inflammatory reaction.     

3.0T MRI检查结合X线钼靶诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的研究

本研究探讨3.0T磁共振成像(MRI)结合X线钼靶诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的价值。采用回顾性研究方法,选取乳腺肿块患者110例162个病灶,给予3.0T MRI及X线钼靶检查。经病理确诊为恶性病变101个;恶性病灶形态不规则、边缘毛刺、时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)类型Ⅲ型和早期增强率≥60%比例明显高于良性病灶(P<0.05),而分叶状比例和表观扩散系数(ADC)值明显低于良性病变(P<0.05);恶性病变X线钼靶表现:形态不规则、钙化、结构不对称和大导管征比例明显高于良性病变(P<0.05);MRI联合X线钼靶诊断乳腺恶性病变的灵敏性、准确性和阴性预测值明显高于MRI诊断(P<0.05)。3.0T MRI检查结合X线钼靶诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤有较好的价值。