A model for dissipative magnetotransport in the quantum Hall regime

Summary A model which describes the dissipative quantum magnetotransport in a noninteracting two-dimensional electron gas under the quantum Hall conditions is presented. The resulting dissipative conductivity is proportional to a damping factor γ. The assumption of an exponential dependence of γ on the Hall electric field gives a good fit to the available experimental data.     

Effects of electric and magnetic fields on electronic states and transport of a Hall bar

We study the edge-state band and transport property for a HgTe/CdTe quantum well Hall bar under the combined coupling of a transverse electric field and a perpendicular magnetic field. It is demonstrated that a weak magnetic field can protect one of the two edge states, open or enlarge a gap of the other edge state in the Hall bar. However, an appropriate electric field can remove the gap, restoring the quantum spin Hall effect. Using the scattering matrix method, we study the electronic transport of the system. We find that the electric field can not only make the switch from pure spin-up to spin-down current, but also open or close the edge-state channels in a narrow Hall bar under a weak magnetic field, which provides us with a new way to construct a topological insulator-based spin switch and charge switch.     

Improved rigorous upper bounds for transport due to passive advection described by simple models of bounded systems

The work of J. A. Krommes and R. A. Smith on rigorous upper bounds for the turbulent transport of a passively advected scalar is extended in two directions: (1) For their reference model, improved upper bounds are obtained by utilizing more sophisticated two-time constraints which include the effects of cross-correlations up to fourth order. Numerical solutions of the model stochastic differential equation are also obtained; they show that the new bounds compare quite favorably with the exact results, even at large Reynolds and Kubo numbers. (2) The theory is extended to take account of afinite spatial autocorrelation lengthL _c. As a reasonably generic example, the problem of particle transport due to statistically specified stochastic magnetic fields in a collisionless turbulent plasma is revisited. A bound is obtained which reduces for smallL _c to the quasilinear limit and for largeL _c to the strong turbulence limit, and which provides a reasonable and rigorous interpolation for intermediate values ofL _c.     

Modelling of dynamical processes in a molecular crystal by NMR

In this contribution we report on the plastic crystal 1-chloroadamantane dynamics via conventional frequency dependent (¹H and ¹³C) and field cycling NMR measurements. A suitable microscopic dynamical model, worked out from from X-ray analysis is developed and the molecular motions are interpreted in terms of: self diffusion and dipolar molecular axis combined with uniaxial rotation. In the rotator phase the molecules execute a bimodal reorientation process whereas the uniaxial rotation solely persists in the low temperature phase. In both phases, the residence times exhibit an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The results confirm the existence of a dynamic crossover transition predicted by molecular dynamics simulation.     

从简单模型入手探究陀螺仪在磁场中的减速问题

2019年中国大学生物理学术竞赛中,非铁磁性导体材料制的陀螺仪在磁场中减速问题的研究没有限定任何具体参数,不易根据麦克斯韦方程得到全面统一的答案.本文从无限长导体圆柱模型入手,通过合理的近似,推导得到了陀螺仪转轴与磁场方向垂直和平行两种条件下,电磁阻力矩与磁感应强度、角速度、电导率等参数依赖关系的表达式,进而给出了磁场...     

霍尔推力器放电通道溅射腐蚀计算

为了预示霍尔推力器的寿命,建立了推力器粒子束放电通道的2维电磁场模型,模拟的推进剂为氙。利用PIC方法跟踪粒子在电磁场中的运动。磁场的求解采用拉普拉斯方程,电场的求解采用泊松方程。电子由阴极喷入通道,并在电磁场中与原子发生电离碰撞生成离子。在跟踪离子的过程中记录下撞击到内外壁面的离子个数、角度和能量。利用记录下的参数进行腐蚀计算,得到当溅射阈值能量分别为10,20,30,40,50 eV时通道壁面的腐蚀速率。推力器放电通道出口附近的最大腐蚀速率约为1.7×10-9 m/s。     

Possible Topological Hall Effect in a Spin Gapless Semiconducting Mn2CoAl Heusler Compound

Topological Hall effect (THE), induced by the interaction of charge carriers with mesoscopic or microscopic noncoplanar spin structures, holds promising applications in the field of spintronics. In the present study, a giant THE of about 2 μΩ cm at room temperature is reported in a bulk spin gapless semiconducting Mn₂CoAl cubic Heusler compound. Temperature-dependent investigation of magneto-transport data reveals that the Mn₂CoAl has the large THE over a wide temperature range of 2–300 K. The alternating current (AC) susceptibility as a function of magnetic field exhibits a smooth and continuous response rather than any kink or anomaly, suggests that the observed THE in the Mn₂CoAl compound results from the interaction of charge carriers with the microscopic noncoplanar spin texture. The observed THE as a function of temperature follows the same behavior as the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of the cubic Mn₂CoAl, indicating the competition of the MCA with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions as the origin of the noncoplanar spin texture and hence THE. Micromagnetic simulations further support the emergence of noncoplanar spin structure as a result of the competition between different energies.     

Study of low‐frequency oscillations in a double‐stage Hall thruster

The characteristics of low‐frequency oscillations of double‐stage Hall thrusters are quite different from those of conventional single‐stage Hall thrusters. In this paper, the effects of double‐stage discharge on the low‐frequency oscillations are experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the amplitude significantly decreases with increasing magnetic field strength and voltage during the ionization stage. Meanwhile, data analysis reveals that ionization occurs in both stages and that the transport ion current between the two stages is the key factor that affects the amplitude and main frequency of the oscillations. Two new processes, namely the ion transport and ion recombination caused by double‐stage discharge, are found to be relevant to the change in the current oscillations. To summarize, the ionization stage relieves the oscillations in the acceleration stage, leading to a reduction in the amplitude of the discharge current.     

A dynamical transition of a chain of charged particles in a 2D substrate potential

The transport of a chain of charged particles with a transverse degree of freedom is investigated in a 2D asymmetric potential. Here, the energy of the periodic driving force is converted into motion in the vertical direction. The analysis exhibits a transition from stick-slip motion to periodic oscillation. The chain velocity can be controlled to an optimized value by adjusting system parameters, such as the amplitude and frequency of the periodic force. The existence of a resonance platform indicates resonance between the motion of the chain and the periodic force as coupling strength increases adiabatically. The atomic configuration and the transverse degree of freedom also play key roles in the control.     

磁场下非对称T型量子波导的电子输运行为

运用模匹配方法和求解单电子薛定谔方程,来演示非对称T型磁量子结构的电子输运性质.结果表明,结构因子和磁势垒都能改变电子散射模数,电子输运谱因此变得复杂而丰富,散射区域出现了完全局域态和磁边缘态.在特定的结构参数和磁场强度下,能观测到宽谷、尖峰、共振透射和共振反射等电子输运现象,即可以通过调节磁场大小和结构参数来实现波矢过滤. 关键词： 介观体系 电子输运 磁效应     

A qualitative model for the growth mechanism of silver clusters in polymer solution

A simple and high-reproducible method for the synthesis of polymer-protected silver cluster of controlled size is described. UV-visible spectroscopy has been used for investigating the influence of the aging of the protective poly(vinylpyrrolidone) layer on the cluster growth rate at different reaction temperatures and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/ethylene glycol weight ratios. The obtained results show that the aging time of the polymeric stabilizer solution plays a fundamental role in the reproducibility of the cluster growth process. A model for the metal cluster formation-grow process is also proposed. Received 18 July 2001 and Received in final form 3 October 2001     

磁场对四端量子波导中电子输运性质的影响

采用模匹配方法，研究了非均匀磁场下开放的四端量子波导中的电子输运性质. 结果表明，从一端入射的电子可以透射到两个与之垂直的输出端和一个与之平行的输出端. 在没有外加磁场的情况下，两个垂直输出端的输运概率是相同的，但垂直端与水平端的输运概率不同；在外加磁场下，由于磁边缘态效应，两个垂直输出端的输运概率也有着相当大的差别. 通过施加不同的磁场，我们能获得丰富的电子输运结构，如台阶，宽谷，尖峰等；通过调节磁场的大小和比例以及结构参数可控制该量子结构在各输出端的输运概率. 关键词： 电子输运 介观体系 磁效应     

Pump and probe nonlinear processes: new modified sum rules from a simple oscillator model

The nonlinear oscillator model is useful to basically understand the most important properties of nonlinear optical processes. It has been shown to give the correct asymptotic behaviour and to provide the general features of harmonic generation to all orders, in particular dispersion relations and sum rules. We investigate the properties of pump and probe processes using this model, and study those cases where general theorems based on the holomorphic character of the Kubo response functions cannot be applied. We show that it is possible to derive new sum rules and new Kramers-Kr?nig relations for the two lowest moments of the real and of the imaginary part of the third order susceptibility and that new specific contributions become relevant as the intensity of the probe increases. Since the analytic properties of the susceptibility functions depend only upon the time causality of the system we are confident that these results are not model dependent and therefore have a general validity, provided one substitutes for the equilibrium values of the potential derivatives the density matrix expectation values of the corresponding operators. Received 25 January 1999 and Received in final form 26 April 1999     

Energy gaps for fractional quantum Hall states described by a Chern-Simons composite fermion wavefunction

The Jain's composite fermion wavefunction has proven quite succesful to describe most of the fractional quantum Hall states. Its mathematical foundation lies in the Chern-Simons field theory for the electrons in the lowest Landau level, despite the fact that such wavefunction is different from a typical mean-field level Chern-Simons wavefunction. It is known that the energy excitation gaps for fractional Hall states described by Jain's composite fermion wavefunction cannot be calculated analytically. We note that analytic results for the energy excitation gaps of fractional Hall states described by a fermion Chern-Simons wavefunction are readily obtained by using a technique originating from nuclear matter studies. By adopting this technique to the fractional quantum Hall effect we obtained analytical results for the excitation energy gaps of all fractional Hall states described by a Chern-Simons wavefunction. Received 9 March 2001     

Clear-sky monochromatic extinction coefficient and the transparency in Bahrain

Summary With the aim of developing a photometric observatory in Bahrain, we first started the analysis of Bahrain's sky. The extinction coefficient in magnitude scale (k) and the transparency of clear atmosphere (T) for Bahrain's sky have been deduced seasonally from the solar-spectrum intensity measurements in the wavelength range from 375 to 800 nm. A comparison of the calculated values for the (island) climate of Bahrain with those of the (desert) climate of Egypt is also presented. We conclude that the winter season is the best time for photometric observations in Bahrain. Empirical equations have been established, to show the relation between the transparency and the extinction coefficient with the wavelength for each season.     

An Analytical Approach to Thermal and Electrical Transport in a Mesoscopic Conductor

In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analytically obtain the Hartree self-consistent potential instead of computing it by the numerical iterative procedure as usual, which is convenient for us to describe the thermal and electric current flow through a mesoscopic conductor. If we study the electron-electron interaction at the Hartree approximation level, the Hartree potential satisfies the Poisson equation and Schroedinger equation, so when we expand the action function S（x） by Planck constant h, the self-consistent potential and the wavefunction can be solved analytically order by order, and the thermal and electrical conductance can thus be obtained readily. However, we just show the quantum corrections up to the second order.     

An Analytical Approach to Thermal and Electrical Transport in a Mesoscopic Conductor

In order to consider the thermal and electrical coherent transport in a mesoscopic conductor under the influence of electron-electron interaction, in this paper, we establish a method in terms of which one can analytically obtain the Hartree self-consistent potential instead of computing it by the numerical iterative procedure as usual, which is convenient for us to describe the thermal and electric current flow through a mesoscopic conductor. If we study the electron-electron interaction at the Hartree approximation level, the Hartree potential satisfies the Poisson equation and Schrodinger equation, so when we expand the action function S(x) by Planck constant h, the self-consistent potential and the wavefunction can be solved analytically order by order, and the thermal and electrical conductance can thus be obtained readily. However, we just show the quantum corrections up to the second order.     

Temperature-dependent model for hole transport mechanism in a poly(1.8-diaminocarbazole)/Si structure

To investigate the conduction mechanism in an organic/inorganic heterojunction, poly(1.8-diaminocarbazole) (PDACz) on a p-type silicon substrate in a sandwich configuration were contacted with Al electrodes and temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements performed in the temperature range 280–380 K. It was found that the barrier height decreased and the ideality factor increased with decreasing temperature. Temperature and bias-dependent transition regimes were observed. These anomalies are explained by further analysis of the low- and high-field regions of the current–voltage curves. The trap density H_b and the characteristic trap energy E_t were found to be 1.85 × 10¹⁷ cm^?3 and 25 meV, respectively. Assuming that the trapped carrier density p_t is higher than free-carrier density p, it is concluded that hole transport is dominated by space-charge-limited currents.