一种具有声低通滤波特性的无源零差光纤水听器

报道了一种新颖的具有抗混叠功能的无源零差迈克耳孙型光纤水听器.它由一个普通的芯轴型光纤水听器和一个圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器构成.在驻波罐中对其声压相位灵敏度频响进行了测量,结果表明该光纤水听器具有较好的声低通滤波特性,能有效地抑制声信号中的高频成分,从而实现抗混叠滤波.该光纤水听器的低频声压相位灵敏度主要由传感光纤长度和弹性增敏层的物理特性决定,约为-159 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa).在1150 Hz附近出现了一个共振峰,这主要由圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器的声学特性决定.1150～2280 Hz频段内的灵敏度衰减率约为50 dB/倍频程,1500 Hz以后的灵敏度衰减量大于10 dB.这对于提高我国未来声纳系统的抗干扰能力具有十分重要的意义.     

干涉型光纤水听器伪工作点控制检测方法

提出了一种用于干涉型光纤水听器信号检测的伪工作点控制方法.为了验证该方法的可行性,搭建了干涉型光纤水听器声压灵敏度测量系统,编写了实时信号采集和处理程序,对某一光纤水听器进行了测量.在频带20 Hz~2.5 kHz上,该光纤水听器的声压灵敏度为－156.5 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa),频响波动<±0.8 dB,与采用PGC调制解调方法测量的结果基本一致.由于传感部分不含有源器件,该方法实现了无源检测.另外,它还具有解调算法简单、检测频带宽等优点.     

干涉型光纤水听器相位载波调制-解调中信号混叠产生的机理及解决方案

信号混叠是制约基于相位载波调制-解调的光纤水听器系统走向应用的一个关键问题。对信号混叠产生的机理进行了详细的理论分析和仿真,结果表明,提高光源调制频率和降低探头灵敏度都无法有效解决光纤水听器实际应用中遇到的高频干扰引起的混叠问题。基于声学滤波器原理,提出了一种新颖的声低通滤波解决方案。设计并加工制作了一种简单的声低通滤波光纤水听器,在驻波罐中对其声压灵敏度频响进行了测量。实验结果表明,该光纤水听器在测量频带上具有较好的声低通滤波特性,低频声压灵敏度约为-140 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa),高频衰减大于20 dB,对高频干扰有较强的抑制能力。该方案十分简单经济,能从根本上有效地解决相位载波调制-解调中的信号混叠问题。     

Novel mechanical antialiasing fiber-optic hydrophone with a fourth-order acoustic low-pass filter

A novel mechanical antialiasing interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone with a fourth-order acoustic low-pass filter has been fabricated and demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The low-frequency lumped parameters model of the hydrophone is constructed based on the theories of an electroacoustic analogy, and the acoustic performance is predicted by the circuit analysis methods. The measured low-frequency response is very flat, and the acoustic sensitivity is about -140 dB with regard to 1 rad/microPa. The system has two measured resonant frequencies, i.e., 850 and 4000 Hz, which is in agreement with the simulation results. It is expected that this new type of fiber-optic hydrophone will become an important class of sensors used to eliminate the aliasing in future sonar systems.     

基于光频调节的干涉型光纤水听器相位补偿检测方法

提出了一种基于光源频率调节的干涉型光纤水听器主动相位补偿的信号检测方法。详细介绍了该方法的基本检测原理,对信号解调误差进行了理论分析与仿真。为了验证该方法的可行性,搭建了实验系统,并编写了实时的信号采集、处理程序,对某一干涉型光纤水听器的声压灵敏度进行了测试。在频带20 Hz-1.3 kHz上,平均声压灵敏度为-162.2 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa),波动小于±0.8 dB,与采用相位载波调制解调方法测量的结果基本吻合。实验结果证明该方法是有效的。由于传感部分不含有源器件,便于实现全光纤化,且解调算法简单、检测频带宽,该方法能被广泛应用到各种干涉型光纤传感器的信号检测当中。     

DFB fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response

A distributed-feedback fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response is presented. The design of the hydrophone aims to equalize static pressure and eliminate signal aliasing of high-frequency acoustic components. Theoretical analysis is presented based on electro-acoustic theory. The experimental results agree well with the theory. The measured underwater responses show that the hydrophone has a pressure sensitivity of -170 dB re:pm/μPa over a bandwidth between 100 Hz and 500 Hz. A sensitivity reduction exceeding -35 dB is observed at 2500 Hz. The tested static pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone is -226 dB. The proposed fiber laser hydrophone of this kind is expected to have important application in deep water fiber-optic sonar systems with anti-aliasing, and the understanding gained through this work can be extended to a guide of hydrophone design for required filtering bandwidth.     

Fiber-optic hydrophone using a cylindrical Helmholtz resonator as a mechanical anti-aliasing filter

Two Michelson interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones that use panda polarization-maintaining fibers and devices have been constructed and tested. The low-frequency acoustic sensitivities of both hydrophones are -159 dB re 1 rad/microPa. One of the hydrophones tested has a small cylindrical Helmholtz resonator that has a break point near 1200 Hz and a measured roll-off of approximately 50 dB/octave, and it is a hydrostatic-pressure-insensitive design. This hydrophone is a prototype device for a class of sensors that can be used to eliminate aliasing in future sonar systems. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a fiber-optic hydrophone has been reported.     

脉冲声测量技术在光纤水听器测量中的应用

本文介绍了脉冲声测量技术在非消声水池中光纤水听器测量中的应用。理论上分析了脉冲宽度的选择标准，并搭建了实验系统，对某一光纤水听器的声压灵敏度进行了测量，实验结果验证了该技术用于光纤水听器测量的可行性。     

In-line silica capillary tube all-silica fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor for detecting high intensity focused ultrasound fields

Aiming at detecting high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields, this letter reports on a novel in-line silica capillary tube all-silica fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (ILSCT-ASFP) interferometric sensor fabricated by splicing a commercially available silica capillary tube to two single-mode fibers. The experimental results show that such a novel ILSCT-ASFP interferometric sensor with a cavity length of ～60.76 μm has an excellent fringe visibility of up to ～20 dB, and the fringe visibility is still good when the cavity length extends up to ～1031.07 μm. The measured wavelength-temperature sensitivity of 0.000858 nm/°C shows that the wavelength drift of the fabricated ILSCT-ASFP interferometric sensor towards temperature is extremely low. Meanwhile, the measurement of HIFU fields by this novel sensor is demonstrated, and the experimental results indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing system for sensing a 0.93 MHz HIFU field with a pressure of 2.69 MPa in the focus area can reach 42.8 dB. The corresponding noise equivalent pressure is 0.0194 MPa, and the calculated acoustic sensitivity is 65.4 mV/MPa over a 2.5 MHz measurement bandwidth.     

含侧腔的机械抗混叠声低通滤波光纤水听器

报道了一种含侧腔的机械抗混叠声低通滤波光纤水听器.基于电-声类比理论建立了该光纤水听器的低频集中参量模型,画出了声学等效电路图,利用电路分析方法给出了声压传递函数表达式,并对其声学特性进行了理论分析.研究表明,该光纤水听器具有三个共振频率,由于侧腔的引入使得传递函数出现了一个零点,从而加快了第二个共振频率之后的衰减速度,可以获得更好的高频整体衰减特性.在充水驻波罐中对自行设计并制作的含侧腔的声低通滤波光纤水听器进行了测试.在50—7000 Hz频段上,该光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响曲线与理论结果具有大致相同的变化形式,低频响应非常符合,声压灵敏度约为-140 dB（0 dB=1 rad/μPa）,受低频模型精度的限制,高频响应差异较大.这为解决光纤水听器的高频混叠问题提供了一条简单可行的技术途径. 关键词： 光纤传感器 光纤水听器 声压灵敏度 低通滤波器     

芯轴型光纤水听器声压相移灵敏度响应分析

提出了一种带空气腔芯轴型光纤水听器的结构模型,并对其声压相移灵敏度的响应特性进行了研究.通过对空气腔芯轴型光纤水听器的基本原理和结构进行分析,得出光纤与弹性筒作用的相互关系;建立了动力学等效模型,得出带空气腔芯轴型光纤水听器声压相移灵敏度表达式以及频率特性的理论模型;利用有限元方法,得到芯轴型光纤水听器的响应模型.根据提出的结构和确定的参量制作出相应的探头,经过试验测试,其3 dB带宽约为30 kHz,测试结果验证了提出的理论模型与有限元模型的正确性.     

新型光纤光栅水声传感器的研究

提出了一种新型的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)水声传感探头结构以及光纤光栅传感信号的自解调方法。利用一对匹配光栅构成推挽结构,实现了传感-解调的合二为一,大大地减小了系统的复杂度;并通过筒状弹性体结构,解决了裸光纤光栅测量水声信号的灵敏度过小的问题,并具有温度补偿作用。仿真与初步实验结果表明,该水听器探头的测量动态范围超过100 dB,在100~200 dB re 1μPa的水声压范围内,测量灵敏度为0.36 nm/Mpa。     

Miniature photonic-crystal hydrophone optimized for ocean acoustics

This work reports on an optical hydrophone that is insensitive to hydrostatic pressure, yet capable of measuring acoustic pressures as low as the background noise in the ocean in a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The miniature hydrophone consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer made of a photonic-crystal reflector interrogated with a single-mode fiber and is compatible with existing fiber-optic technologies. Three sensors with different acoustic power ranges placed within a sub-wavelength sized hydrophone head allow a high dynamic range in the excess of 160 dB with a low harmonic distortion of better than -30 dB. A method for suppressing cross-coupling between sensors in the same hydrophone head is also proposed. A prototype was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The sensitivity was measured from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, demonstrating a sound-pressure-equivalent noise spectral density down to 12 μPa/Hz(1/2), a flatband wider than 10 kHz, and very low distortion.     

拖曳线列阵用光纤水听器的研究

报道了光纤水听器用于拖曳线列阵的研究结果。在保证光纤水听器声相位灵敏度的前提下, 优化设计了光纤水听器的结构,降低了光纤水听器的加速度灵敏度36dB。实验测得在20-1600Hz 频段,该光纤水听器的相位灵敏度为-162．7dB,频段内灵敏度的起伏为±0．7dB,加速度灵敏度小于-30dB。     

High-sensitivity,fiber-optic,flexural disk hydrophone with reduced acceleration response

Abstract

A hydrophone consisting of a hollow cylinder whose flexible, circular end plates are bonded to pairs of pat, spiral wound coils of optical fiber is described. When the end plate/disk is deformed due to a pressure difference, the outer and inner fiber coils experience opposite strains resulting in a “push—pull” optical path length difference which is detected in an all-fiber Michelson interferometer. The close proximity of the interferometric fiber coils, separated by the thin thermally conducting end plate, rejects thermal gradient-induced signals. The addition of a second identical end plate and fiber coil pair at the opposite end of the cylinder will double the acoustic sensitivity while canceling acceleration induced signals. The calculated and measured optical strain of a single simply supported plate, single-coil sensor (8.0 cm diameter, 3.0 mm thickness) using static pressure, acoustic pressure, and acceleration are in good agreement and yield a sensitivity of 0.21 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦΔP = -301 dB re I μPa-1) below its resonance frequency of 3 kHz. The calculated and measured strain for a dual clamped disk (4.5 cm diameter, 1.0 mm thickness) acceleration-canceling sensor with four 8-m coils are in good agreement also and yield a sensitivity of 1.0 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦpΔP = -291 dB re 1 μPa^?1) below the disk resonance frequency of 4.5 kHz. These are the highest fiber-optic, omnidirectional hydrophone sensitivities reported to date.     

四阶声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响特性

对四阶声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响特性进行了详细的理论和实验研究.在已有的低频集中参量模型中引入了一个机械声阻,用于描述系统的机械损耗,从而得到了改进的声学等效电路.相位频响特性对于光纤水听器的阵列应用非常重要,关系到阵列的波束形成效果,进而影响系统定位、识别与跟踪目标的能力,因此在分析幅度频响特性的同时研究了相位频响特性.仿真分析了各主要参量对声压传递函数的影响,得到了一些对声低通滤波光纤水听器设计具有重要指导意义的结论.实测声压灵敏度频响曲线与仿真结果基本一致,较好地验证了理论分析的正确性.四 关键词： 光纤传感器 光纤水听器 声压灵敏度 低通滤波器     

二阶声低通滤波光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响特性

信号混叠是基于光纤水听器的现代声纳系统走向应用必须解决的一个关键问题.初步的实验结果已经表明,声低通滤波光纤水听器是解决信号混叠问题的一种简单且行之有效的方案.基于电一声类比理论,建立了声低屯瞬ü庀怂鞯牡推导胁瘟磕Ｐ?利用电路分析的方法对其频响特性进行了研究.结果表明,这种光纤水听器系统与典型的二阶低通滤波电路具有相似的频响特性.为了验证理论分析的正确性,设计制作了一个简单的声低通滤波光纤水听器,并在驻波罐中对其声压灵敏度频响特性进行了测试,实验结果与数值计算的结果基本吻合.该光纤水听器低频响应非常平坦,声压灵敏度约为-141 dB,测量共振频率为985 Hz,与理论值1270 Hz基本一致.共振频率处的声压灵敏度为-126.8 dB,衰减速率约为20 dB/倍频程,3000 Hz以后的灵敏度衰减幅度大于20 dB.     

光纤水听器灵敏度测试研究

研制了一套简单可行的光纤水听器灵敏度校准装置,提出了一种简便的测量方法——比对法:将标准压电水听器探头和光纤水听器探头置于同一声场中，并将两探头的输出同时接到数字示波器上进行比对测量.研究表明,振动系统中的盛水容器具有一定的壁厚（>10 mm或1/10桶的外径）时，可将振动系统的谐振峰移出工作频段范围（3~1000 Hz）外.利用此装置结合比对法,校准系统简单，校准速度快,实验的误差小于0.5 dB,能满足一般光纤水听器灵敏度的校准需求.     

一种光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究

为了校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,开展了光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究.本文首先介绍了光纤光栅水听器的工作原理;其次,采用可调谐激光器和带工作点控制的强度调制法,实现了光纤光栅水听器的信号解调和稳态测量;在此基础上,利用比较法建立了一种光纤光栅水听器校准系统,校准频率范围为20 Hz～10 kHz;最后,在该频率范围内对采用等效相移布喇格光栅研制的一只光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度进行了校准,对系统的测量不确定度进行了估算.结果表明,该系统可准确校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,扩展不确定度为0.9 dB(k＝2).     

High-sensitivity, fiber-optic, flexural disk hydrophone with reduced acceleration response

A hydrophone consisting of a hollow cylinder whose flexible, circular end plates are bonded to pairs of pat, spiral wound coils of optical fiber is described. When the end plate/disk is deformed due to a pressure difference, the outer and inner fiber coils experience opposite strains resulting in a “push—pull” optical path length difference which is detected in an all-fiber Michelson interferometer. The close proximity of the interferometric fiber coils, separated by the thin thermally conducting end plate, rejects thermal gradient-induced signals. The addition of a second identical end plate and fiber coil pair at the opposite end of the cylinder will double the acoustic sensitivity while canceling acceleration induced signals. The calculated and measured optical strain of a single simply supported plate, single-coil sensor (8.0 cm diameter, 3.0 mm thickness) using static pressure, acoustic pressure, and acceleration are in good agreement and yield a sensitivity of 0.21 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦΔP = -301 dB re I μPa-1) below its resonance frequency of 3 kHz. The calculated and measured strain for a dual clamped disk (4.5 cm diameter, 1.0 mm thickness) acceleration-canceling sensor with four 8-m coils are in good agreement also and yield a sensitivity of 1.0 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦpΔP = -291 dB re 1 μPa^-1) below the disk resonance frequency of 4.5 kHz. These are the highest fiber-optic, omnidirectional hydrophone sensitivities reported to date.