幂律流体圆柱绕流的格子波尔兹曼模拟

基于插值补充格子波尔兹曼方法和幂律流体的本构方程,建立了贴体坐标系下适用于幂律流体的格子波尔兹曼模型,模拟了幂律流体的圆柱绕流问题,采用非平衡外推格式处理圆柱表面的速度无滑移边界,利用应力积分法确定曳力系数和升力系数,并与基于标准的格子波尔兹曼方法和有限容积法获得的数值数据进行对比,吻合良好. 进行了网格无关性验证之后,分析了稳态流动时,不同雷诺数下幂律指数对于尾迹长度、分离角、圆柱表面黏度分布、表面压力系数及曳力系数的影响,以及非定常流动中,幂律指数对于流场、曳力系数、升力系数和斯特劳哈尔数的影响. 获得的变化规律与基于其他数值模拟方法得到的结果相一致,充分验证了模型的有效性和正确性. 结果表明:插值补充格子波尔兹曼方法可以用来模拟幂律流体在具有复杂边界流场内的流动问题,通过引入不同的非牛顿流体本构方程,该方法还可以进一步应用于其他类型的非牛顿流体研究中.      

一种模拟气液两相流的格子波尔兹曼改进模型

基于格子波尔兹曼自由能模型,提出了一种模拟黏性流场中大密度比气液两相流的改进模型. 为了提高模型的精度,在原始模型的基础上计入了邻近点间粒子数密度的传递速率控制,考虑了碰撞项的差分松弛;为了避免两相间大密度比造成的数值不稳定问题,分别采用六点和九点差分格式求解?和?2. 同时,与传统格子波尔兹曼方法不同,实现了由单步碰撞操作到两步操作的转化. 通过对无重力场中气泡的模拟及与已有模型的计算结果的对比分析,表明该模型具有更高的数值精度. 成功模拟了重力作用下,单个上浮气泡的形变和尾涡形成过程,以及水平和竖直方向上两个气泡的相互作用过程,并验证了其质量守恒和体积不可压缩性.      

基于格子Boltzmann方法的粘弹性流体圆柱绕流分析

将光滑界面法引入到格子Boltzmann方法中分析粘弹性流体绕流问题,分别采用单松弛模型和对流扩散模型求解运动方程和Oldroyd-B本构方程,针对圆形和椭圆内部边界条件,给出连续界面插值函数,在此基础上,运用光滑界面法将内部边界转换为作用力项施加到演化方程中。首先分析圆柱绕流问题,给出不同材料参数情况下的流场分布和阻力系数计算结果,比较发现与宏观数值模拟结果相吻合。将模型拓展到绕椭圆流动中,分析椭圆形状和材料参数对粘弹性流体绕柱流的影响,发现随着椭圆长轴与短轴比值的增加和维森伯格数的增加,阻力系数逐渐下降,并且长短轴比对迭代收敛有较大影响。     

基于波尔兹曼方法研究幂律流体的椭圆柱绕流

基于格子波尔兹曼方法(lattice Boltzmann method) 和幂律流体本构方程, 建立二维流动模型, 将充分发展的速度分布与理论解进行对比, 吻合良好. 对幂律流体的圆柱绕流进行模拟, 采用了反弹格式的无滑移圆柱边界, 并使用应力积分法计算阻力系数, 分析了稳态圆柱绕流时, 阻力系数随幂律指数n 以及雷诺数Re 的变化规律. 分析了椭圆横轴/纵轴长度比和幂律指数n, 对压力系数Cp 和黏度系数Cv 的影响. 得到的变化规律与有限元方法规律一致, 验证了格子波尔兹曼模型的可行性.     

基于格子Boltzmann两相模型的粘弹流体挤出胀大分析

挤出胀大的数值模拟是非牛顿流体研究中具有挑战性的问题．本文运用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)分析Oldroyd-B和多阶松弛谱PTT粘弹流体的挤出胀大现象,采用颜色模型模拟出口处粘弹流体和空气的两相流动,通过重新标色获得两种流体的界面,并最终获得胀大的形状．Navier-Stokes方程和本构方程的求解采用双分布函数模型．将胀大的结果与解析解、实验解和单相自由面LBM结果进行了比较,发现格子Boltzmann两相模型结果与解析解和实验结果相吻合,相比于单相模型,收敛速度更快,解的稳定性更高．研究了流道尺寸对胀大率的影响,并对挤出胀大的内在机理进行了分析．     

粘弹流体轴对称流动的格子Boltzmann方法

基于BGK碰撞模型，通过在迁移方程中引入作用力项，建立了粘弹流体的轴对称格子Boltzmann模型．通过Chapman-Enskog展开，获得了准确的柱坐标下轴对称宏观流动方程．采用双分布函数对运动方程和本构方程进行迭代求解，模拟分析了粘弹流体管道流动，获得了流场中的速度和构型张量的分布，通过与解析解进行比较，验证了模型的准确性．研究了作为粘弹流体流动基准问题的收敛流动，对涡旋位置进行了定量分析，将回转长度的计算结果与有限体积法进行了比较，两种数值结果十分吻合．研究结果表明，模型能够准确表征粘弹流体的轴对称流动，具有较广阔的应用前景．     

颗粒流体系统的格子Boltzmann数值方法研究进展

介绍Euler-Lagrange框架下基于格子Boltzmann方法 LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method)发展的两种不同层次（即不同时-空尺度和精度）的颗粒流体系统离散模拟方法,即格子Boltzmann颗粒解析直接数值模拟（LB-based PR-DNS）方法和格子Boltzmann离散颗粒模拟（LB-based DPS）方法,总结了Euler-Euler框架下基于格子Boltzmann双流体模型（LB-based TFM）方面的探索研究。LB-based PR-DNS方法中颗粒尺寸远大于格子步长,能够直接解析出流体在颗粒表面的流动以及颗粒所受完整的动力学信息;LB-based DPS方法中格子步长远大于颗粒直径,其在计算精度、时间耗费和计算效率之间能达到很好的平衡,可获得流体的宏观平均流动及颗粒的运动轨迹信息。LB-based DNS和DPS是探索颗粒流体系统的有力手段,但LB-based TFM应用于模拟颗粒流体系统仍需进一步探索。     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的挤出胀大的数值模拟

将单相格子Boltzmann方法(lattice Boltzmann method, LBM)引入到粘弹流体的瞬态挤出胀大的数值模拟中,建立了基于双分布函数的自由面粘弹性流动格子Boltzmann模型．分析得到的流道中流动速度分布和构型张量结果与理论解十分吻合．对粘弹流体瞬态挤出胀大过程进行了模拟,并分析了运动粘度比和剪切速率对挤出胀大率的影响,得到的胀大率结果与理论分析和其它模拟结果基本一致．表明给出的LBM可以捕捉挤出胀大的瞬态效应．     

基于浸入边界-格子Boltzmann通量求解法的椭圆柱流动特性分析

基于浸入边界-格子Boltzmann通量求解法,开展了雷诺数Re=100不同几何参数下单椭圆柱及串列双椭圆柱绕流流场与受力特性对比研究。结果表明,随长短轴比值的增加,单椭圆柱绕流阻力系数先减小后缓慢上升,最大升力系数则随长短轴比值的增大而减小;尾迹流动状态从周期性脱落涡到稳定对称涡。间距是影响串列圆柱及椭圆柱流场流动状态的主要因素,间距较小时,串列圆柱绕流呈周期性脱落涡状态,而椭圆柱则为稳定流动;随着间距增加,上下游圆柱及椭圆柱尾迹均出现卡门涡街现象,且串列椭圆柱临界间距大于串列圆柱。串列椭圆柱阻力的变化规律与圆柱的基本相同,上游平均阻力大于下游阻力;上游椭圆柱阻力随着间距的变大先减小,下游随间距的变大而增加,当间距达到临界间距时上下游阻力跃升,随后出现小幅度波动再逐渐增加,并趋近于相同长短轴比值下单柱体绕流的阻力。     

黏弹性流体扩展及收缩流动的格子Boltzmann模拟分析

本文应用格子Boltzmann 方法(LBM)并结合Oldroyd-B 模型,讨论了不可压缩的 Navier-Stokes 方程和平流扩散本构方程的解耦及各自求解方法,以及两类问题的边界处理格式,实现了黏弹性流体在二维1:3 扩展流道以及3:1 收缩流道中的流动的数值模拟．获得了不同雷诺数Re 和维森伯格数Wi 以及黏度vs 下流动的流线分布,计算给出了漩涡的涡心位置和大小,并分析了参数Re、Wi 和vs 对流动特点的影响．模拟结果表明本文所采用模型和边界处理方法具有良好的精度和稳定性．     

Numerical simulation of laminar jet-forced flow using lattice Boltzmann method

In the paper, a numerical study on symmetrical and asymmetrical laminar jet-forced flows is carried out by using a lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） with a special boundary treatment. The simulation results are in very good agreement with the available numerical prediction. It is shown that the LBM is a competitive method for the laminar jet-forced flow in terms of computational efficiency and stability.     

用格子Boltzmann方法数值模拟混合层中旋涡的合并过程

用格子Boltzmann方法计算混合层中的流动问题。在流场的入口处加不同频率、振幅和相位的小扰动,观察混合层中旋涡的演进机理,模拟二维混合层中旋涡合并现象。在基本扰动波的基础上,又加入频率为基本波频率一半的亚谐波,得到了两个涡合并的计算结果,当加入的亚谐波频率为基本波频率的三分之一时,得到了三个涡合并的计算结果。这些计算结果与已有文献的结果基本一致,显示用格子Boltzmann方法模拟混合层问题是可行的。     

Simplified lattice Boltzmann method for non-Newtonian power-law fluid flows

In this paper, we present a simplified lattice Boltzmann method for non-Newtonian power-law fluid flows. The new method adopts the predictor-corrector scheme and reconstructs solutions to the macroscopic equations recovered from the lattice Boltzmann equation through Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis. The truncated power-law model is incorporated into this method to locally adjust the physical viscosity and the associated relaxation parameter, which recovers the non-Newtonian behaviors. Compared with existing non-Newtonian lattice Boltzmann models, the proposed method directly evolves the macroscopic variables instead of the distribution functions, which eliminates the intrinsic drawbacks like high cost in virtual memory and inconvenient implementation of physical boundary conditions. The validity of the method is demonstrated by benchmark tests and comparisons with analytical solution or numerical results in the literature. Benchmark solutions to the three-dimensional lid-driven cavity flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluid are also provided for future reference.     

Simple lattice Boltzmann model for traffic flows

A lattice Boltzmann model with 5-bit lattice for traffic flows is proposed. Using the Chapman-Enskog expansion and multi-scale technique, we obtain the higher-order moments of equilibrium distribution function. A simple traffic light problem is simulated by using the present lattie Boltzmann model, and the result agrees well with analytical solution.     

Simulation of gravity currents using the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is becoming an effective numerical technique of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this study, with some new thermal LBM schemes being proposed, the LBM is used to simulate the gravity current prior to backdraft (a particular and hazardous phenomenon in compartment fire) within laminar restrictions. The dimensionless time for gravity current traveling from the opening to the rear wall of a bench‐scale compartment is calculated under different opening geometries, respectively, including: full end opening, upside‐slot end opening, middle‐slot end opening, downside‐slot end opening, and slot ceiling opening. The application is very successful and the results show that the dimensionless time under the slot ceiling opening is the longest. Among the slot end openings, similar dimensionless time has been obtained for the upside‐slot and middle‐slot end openings, which is shorter than the downside‐slot end opening. For the full end opening, the shortest dimensionless time is obtained. Finally, some valuable advices are given for fire protection engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical modeling of turbulent compound channel flow using the lattice Boltzmann method

The flow of water in a straight compound channel with prismatic cross section is investigated with a relatively new tool, the lattice Boltzmann method. The large eddy simulation model is added in the lattice Boltzmann model for nonlinear shallow water equations (LABSWE^TM) so that the turbulence, caused by lateral exchange of momentum in the shear layer between the main channel and floodplain, can be taken into account and modeled efficiently. To validate the numerical model, a symmetrical compound channel with trapezoidal main channel and flat floodplain is tested. Similar to most natural watercourses, the floodplain has higher roughness values than the main channel. Different relative depths, D_r (the ratio of the depth of flow on the floodplain to that in the main channel), are considered. The Reynolds number is set at 30 000 in the main channel. The lateral distributions of the longitudinal velocity, the boundary shear stress, the Reynolds stress and the apparent shear stress across the channel are obtained after the large eddy simulation is performed. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the available experiment data, which show that the LABSWE^TM is capable of modeling the features of flow turbulence in compound channels and is sufficiently accurate for practical applications in engineering. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On numerical diffusion of simplified lattice Boltzmann method

In this article, we analyze the numerical diffusion in the recently developed simplified lattice Boltzmann method (SLBM) and propose amending strategies towards lower numerical diffusion. It is noted that, in the original SLBM, the intermediate flow properties are utilized to evaluate the nonequilibrium distribution function, which may bring in excessive numerical diffusion. In the revised scheme, this evaluation strategy is nurtured by using the corrected flow properties to calculate the nonequilibrium distribution function. In the meantime, the numerically evaluated nonequilibrium distribution function only approximately fulfills the conservation relationship in the second order of accuracy. Although such approximation does not violate the global order of accuracy, offsetting the extra error would contribute to reducing the numerical diffusion. After implementing the proposed amending strategies, the revised SLBM (RSLBM) is validated through three numerical examples. The results indicate that RSLBM bears comparable order of accuracy as the original SLBM but shows lower numerical error on the same mesh size. And the reduced numerical error facilitates recovery of delicate flow structures. The proposed RSLBM can be flexibly implemented on nonuniform or body-fitted meshes, and in three-dimensional simulations.     

Parallel computation of turbulent flows using moment base lattice Boltzmann method

This paper describes parallel computing approach for simulating turbulent flows using a moment base lattice Boltzmann method. The distribution functions of the lattice Boltzmann method are expressed by corresponding moments. Choosing proper relaxation times for higher order moments, a minimum numerical dissipation is implicitly added to stabilise the method at high Reynolds numbers. Validation of the method is made by computing free decaying periodic turbulent flows and fully developed turbulent channel flows on a GPU platform. Though the present method requires additional work to calculate the higher order moments, it is shown that additional computational cost is negligible in the GPU computing. The numerical results stably obtained for the turbulent flows are in good agreement with those of a pseudo-spectral method and corresponding DNS database.     

Numerical study of the properties of the central moment lattice Boltzmann method

Central moment lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is one of the more recent developments among the lattice kinetic schemes for computational fluid dynamics. A key element in this approach is the use of central moments to specify the collision process and forcing, and thereby naturally maintaining Galilean invariance, an important characteristic of fluid flows. When the different central moments are relaxed at different rates like in a standard multiple relaxation time (MRT) formulation based on raw moments, it is endowed with a number of desirable physical and numerical features. Because the collision operator exhibits a cascaded structure, this approach is also known as the cascaded LBM. While the cascaded LBM has been developed sometime ago, a systematic study of its numerical properties, such as the accuracy, grid convergence, and stability for well‐defined canonical problems is lacking, and the present work is intended to fulfill this need. We perform a quantitative study of the performance of the cascaded LBM for a set of benchmark problems of differing complexity, viz., Poiseuille flow, decaying Taylor–Green vortex flow, and lid‐driven cavity flow. We first establish its grid convergence and demonstrate second‐order accuracy under diffusive scaling for both the velocity field and its derivatives, that is, the components of the strain rate tensor, as well. The method is shown to quantitatively reproduce steady/unsteady analytical solutions or other numerical results with excellent accuracy. The cascaded MRT LBM based on the central moments is found to be of similar accuracy when compared with the standard MRT LBM based on the raw moments, when a detailed comparison of the flow fields are made, with both reproducing even the small scale vortical features well. Numerical experiments further demonstrate that the central moment MRT LBM results in significant stability improvements when compared with certain existing collision models at moderate additional computational cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

等离子熔射粉末颗粒飞行过程格子Boltzmann法仿真

为考察等离子熔射过程中粉末的飞行过程,本文在已开发的正六边形7-b it格子Bo ltzm ann(LB)方法等离子射流的温度场和速度场的计算模型基础上,采用单个颗粒加速方程,建立了一个随机算法,实现了对粉末颗粒在射流场中运动过程的仿真;计算结果通过动画演示了粉末飞行的全过程,表明初始位置越靠近射流场出口中心的粉末颗粒加速越充分,并且在射流场一定的情况下,减小粉末颗粒直径可以提高粉末速度,但会降低粉末利用率。