Parametric interactions in highly purified water in intense optical radiation field: Degassing effect

Excitation of optical breakdown and four-photon parametric processes in water in a pump field at a wavelength of 1.064 μm with pulse duration of 20 ps was experimentally studied. It was shown that degassing and helium washing of a water sample result in optical breakdown suppression; in this case, the processes of the four-photon parametric interaction are excited most efficiently. This effect is explained by the fact that pump self-focusing in water degassed and washed by helium is regular under given experimental conditions.     

光学击穿对受激布里渊散射特性的影响

把雪崩电离模型引入受激布里渊散射模型中，数值模拟了无光学击穿和有光学击穿时受激布里渊散射能量反射率随输入光功率密度的变化规律.实验上选取净化和未净化的CCl₄作为散射介质，在Nd:YAG调Q激光系统中进行了验证，理论与实验符合得很好.结果表明：当无光学击穿时，随着输入光功率密度的增大，能量反射率先是非线性增大，然后缓慢增大趋于饱和；而当有光学击穿时，随着输入光功率密度的增大，能量反射率先是非线性增大，达到最高值之后开始下降，最终趋于零.无光学击穿时的能量反射率及其稳定度明显高于有光学击穿时的情况. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 光学击穿 雪崩电离     

Investigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering for broadband KrF laser

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) numerical mode for broadband multimode KrF laser pump with optical breakdown has been built up in this paper. The basic premises of the model are that KrF spectrum is composed of an umber of lines and SBS arises from these lines with coupling to some extent. The broadband SBS threshold strongly depends on pump bandwidth. SBS and optical breakdown occur nearly simultaneously when broadband SBS and breakdown have the same threshold. The decrease of saturation reflectivity for broadband pump radiation is explained with this model. Experimental results agree well with the model.     

液体介质快脉冲电压下击穿特性研究

 设计了液体介质快脉冲击穿试验装置和电压电流测量系统，研究了重复频率、电极形状及电极间距与介质击穿场强、击穿电压和击穿时延等击穿特性参数的关系，比较了变压器油、十二烷基苯、蓖麻油三种典型液体绝缘介质在直流及快脉冲电压作用下的绝缘性能。结果表明：短脉冲持续时间下液体绝缘材料有异常高的击穿场强；重复脉冲串作用下的击穿场强比单个脉冲下明显减小，重复频率2 kHz时击穿场强减小了约30％；电极头半径大小对击穿也有影响，半径R＝5 mm时，击穿电压最高；击穿时延随击穿场强减小而变长，在其他条件相同的情况下，测得击穿时延随机波动；蓖麻油的快脉冲电压绝缘性能最好，变压器油次之。     

Stimulation of high-frequency breakdown of gas in Uragan-3M torsatron by runaway electrons

In experiments on confinement and heating of plasma in the Uragan-3M torsatron, the method of high-frequency breakdown of the working gas is used. In these experiments, in conditions of a relatively stable magnetic field, the rf power supplied to the setup chamber has a frequency close to the ion-cyclotron frequency. Such a method of gas breakdown is not always sufficiently reliable. In our experiments, preliminary ionization of the working gas by the run-away electron beam is used for stabilizing the breakdown. This work contains the results of experiments on enhancement of the runaway electron beam and on the interaction of the runaway electron beam in the Uragan-3M torsatron with the HF electromagnetic pump field. This enables us to formulate a number of recommendations for using spontaneously formed beams of accelerated particles for stimulating the rf breakdown. Our results confirm the possibility of gas breakdown by runaway electrons.     

Micro-arc ignition on the oily surface of capacitively-coupled plasma

Micro-arc ignition on the oily surface is investigated in a capacitively-coupled plasma (CCP) system. In this system, micro-arc generation is enhanced by increased level of plasma potential, which is induced by a DC-grounded coil between blocking capacitor and the powered electrode. The images of micro-arcs are captured with very short exposure time of 20 μs using intensified charge-coupled device triggered by a high speed comparator and the focused ground electrode is partially soiled with oil. The micro-arcs are observed only on the oily surface of the electrode. This observation provides that the oily surface of CCP is very weak for micro-arc ignition and micro-arc ignition is supposed to be enhanced by the oil evaporation and the thin oil layer, considering the RF Paschen breakdown of the oil vapor within the sheath and the dielectric breakdown of thin oil layer.     

Electrical breakdown of transformer oil with sulfur hexafluoride and air bubbles

Technical Physics - The influence of gas bubbles on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil is experimentally studied. The influence of the oil flow on the electrical characteristics of breakdown...     

Experimental investigation on the competition between wideband stimulated Brillouin scattering and forward stimulated Raman scattering in water

The utilization of a simple focused optical cell to bring to light the competition between wideband stimulated Brillouin scattering (WSBS) and forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) is investigated experimentally. A pulsed, wide bandwidth second-harmonic Nd:YAG laser is used as the pump source. We found that, the competition between WSBS and FSRS is an alternate process, which one dominated depends on the linewidth and energy of the pump laser, focal length, and optical breakdown.     

基于荧光双色比例的变压器绝缘油放电击穿故障诊断模型研究

传统变压器绝缘油品质荧光分析检测方法是利用荧光分光光度计采集油样本全谱段荧光光谱,根据不同老化程度绝缘油的全谱荧光特征变化建立变压器运行状态诊断模型.针对传统荧光方法中光度计体积大、价格昂贵以及因光谱采集时间长无法实现实时监测等问题,提出一种基于荧光双色比例的变压器绝缘油品质检测方法,提取荧光特征双波段信息并建立变压器...     

Influence of solitary gas bubbles on the electrical breakdown of transformer oil

The influence of solitary gas bubbles on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil is studied experimentally. It is shown that discharges periodically arise in bubbles at fields lower than the oil breakdown field.

     

Control of four-wave mixing phase-matching condition using the Brillouin slow-light effect in fibers

All-optical control of the phase-matching condition in four-wave mixing (FWM) processes is demonstrated using the Brillouin slow-light effect in optical fibers. A counterpropagating stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pump has been used to control the phase velocity of the FWM pump in a wavelength conversion scheme. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations show an SBS-controlled 20 dB difference on the wavelength conversion efficiency.     

某商用车怠速油底壳异响问题分析研究*

针对产品开发过程中某柴油车型发动机油底壳怠速时“呜呜”异响问题,通过噪声与振动的测试及仿真分析,对油底壳异响原因进行分析。结果表明,怠速时机油泵的工作激励频率与油底壳模态频率耦合,形成“呜呜”声,并通过油底壳表面辐射出来。进一步实验研究表明,随着机油温度的升高,机油泵功率、工作激励幅值会逐步减小,异响逐步减小。同时实验研究表明,机油量对油底壳模态频率有影响,油底壳内机油加注量越多,油底壳模态频率越低,油底壳表面振动幅值及异响均逐步减小。针对该异响问题,明确该发动机机油加注上限及下限时油底壳对应频率范围后,通过优化怠速转速,提高油底壳模态频率等使机油泵激励频率与油底壳模态频率避频,解决了该异响问题。     

重频纳秒高压脉冲下变压器油击穿特性的实验研究

介绍了重频纳秒高压脉冲下变压器油绝缘特性研究的现状和成果。进行了重频（1 Hz～1 kHz）纳秒高压脉冲下25#变压器油击穿特性的实验研究。实验发现相对于单次纳秒脉冲,重频脉冲下25#变压器油的击穿场强与频率相关,频率提高,击穿场强降低,但不是线性关系,在频率超过100 Hz时变压器油的击穿场强变化较小,在10~100 Hz时变压器油的击穿场强迅速下降。初步总结了重复频率、脉冲宽度和击穿场强的关系,对重频脉冲下变压器油的击穿机理进行了初步的探讨。     

Third-harmonic and sum-frequency generation in a quadratically nonlinear polymer by time-ordered ultrashort laser pulses

Third-harmonic and sum-frequency generation in quadratically nonlinear azopolymer films is experimentally studied using femtosecond chromium forsterite laser pulses. A noncollinear geometry of sum-frequency and third-harmonic generation developed and implemented in this work allows the influence of the time ordering of ultrashort laser pump pulses on nonlinear-optical phenomena to be experimentally observed. Femtosecond laser pulses induce transitions of azopolymer molecules to an electronically excited state and produce vibrational wave packets, leading to an asymmetry in the dependence of the efficiency of second-and third-order nonlinear-optical processes on the delay time between the pump pulses.     

光学击穿对宽带受激布里渊散射及受激拉曼散射特性的影响

实验上分析了在多模激光抽运的条件下,水中宽带受激布里渊散射(WSBS)及前向受激拉曼散射(FSRS)产生的物理机制及二者之间能量变化的关系。实验结果表明,在多模激光抽运过程中,WSBS能量与FSRS能量处于不断变化的状态。聚焦长度较短或抽运光能量相对较低时,WSBS在散射过程中占据主导地位;随着聚焦长度和抽运光能量的增加以及光学击穿的产生,FSRS在散射过程中逐渐占据优势。     

Electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics

The mechanism of electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics is analyzed using the results of our investigations performed in this direction over a period of several decades. It is shown that the electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics involves interrelated prebreakdown processes, such as high-voltage polarization, defect formation, electron impact excitation and electron impact ionization of luminescence centers and ions in the host crystal lattice, etc. The electrical breakdown is initiated by electric-field and thermal generation of defects in the crystal. In turn, the generation of defects leads to the formation of defect regions and channels that provide an assisted transfer of charge carriers. Electron currents flow (and electrons are accelerated by the electric field to energies sufficient to induce impact ionization) in these regions of the crystal with a lattice distorted by defects. In this respect, the known approaches to the elaboration of the breakdown theory for alkali halide and other dielectric crystals on the basis of analyzing the motion and acceleration of electrons in an ideal crystal structure have appeared to be incorrect.     

非聚焦条件下CS2介质中受激布里渊散射光限幅特性的研究

采用布里渊噪声起源模型，数值研究了非聚焦条件下CS₂液体介质中脉冲传输的能量与功率特性.结果表明，在非聚焦条件下，透射光的功率波形仍然表现出光限幅特性，而透射能量随入射能量线性变化，不具有限幅特性，这一点与聚焦条件下的结果不同.以波长1053nm、脉宽20 ns的Nd:YLF激光器为光源，采用3∶1的缩束系统，通过衰减片调整入射光能量在2mJ—92mJ变化，获得了透射光能量和功率波形随入射能量变化的规律，并与聚焦条件下的结果进行了比较.实验结果与理论模拟相符合.由于聚焦条件下当入射能 关键词： 非线性光学 受激布里渊散射 光限幅 非聚焦     

飞秒激光离焦抽运熔融石英产生超连续白光的实验研究

利用飞秒激光在熔融石英介质中传输产生能量达数毫焦、波长范围覆盖400-900 nm 且光谱分布较为均匀的超连续白光,实验过程中将熔融石英介质离焦放置以避免被击穿. 研究了入射激光能量以及介质离焦距离对超连续白光特性的影响. 结果表明采用高能量的入射激光脉冲离焦抽运介质的方法能够有效避免介质 击穿损伤并提高超连续白光脉冲的能量输出.     

以ZHR02为制冷剂的中高温热泵实验研究

中高温热泵混合工质ZHR02在油溶性、热物性、材料相容性、环保指标等方面的综合性能优越,为中高温热泵新型工质。文中设计了中高温热泵机组,选取ZHR02作为制冷剂进行了中高温热泵实验研究。研究表明,机组在名义工况下能够稳定生产70℃左右的热水,COP达4.3。     

Investigation on pulse compression based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and optical breakdown

Pulse compression based on the combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and optical breakdown is investigated in this paper. The first pulse compression based on SBS features a sharp rising edge while the second based on optical breakdown is characterized by a sharp falling edge, therefore a symmetrical narrow pulse can be produced with this approach. In the experiment, FC-72 is used as the Brillouin medium in the first pulse compression, while HT-270 is chosen as the solvent for optical breakdown in the second pulse compression. A 12-ns pump pulse is first compressed to 6 ns by SBS and then further to about 2 ns with comparatively symmetrical edges after optical breakdown.