Electrocatalytic reduction of polyhydric alcohols to hydrocarbons

A study was carried out on the electrochemical reduction of polyhydric alcohols using an iron-coated titanium cathode. The mechanism of this reaction was discussed.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1697–1699, July, 1991.     

Dielectric properties of polyhydric alcohols: Butanediols

The equilibrium and dynamic properties of 1,3-, 1,4-, and 2,3-butanediols were studied experimentally in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 36 GHz at temperatures from 283 to 423 K. The densities of the compounds were measured. The Kirkwood correlation factor was calculated with various (experimentally measured and calculated) dipole moments of the molecules.     

Reactions of bisarene organochromium compounds with polyhydric alcohols

Conclusions The reaction of bisarenechromium(O) with glycerine and ethyleneglycol proceeds through the formation of the corresponding bisarenechromium(I) cations and leads to chromiura(III) glycerate and glycolate.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1413–1415, June, 1985.     

Study of radical products in branched polyhydric alcohols

Conclusions The EPR method was used to study the radicals in --irradiated pentaerythritol, metriol, etriol, and trimethylolisobutane, and it was shown that the probability of cleaving the C-H bond in it increases with increase in the chain length of the alkyl group.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 466–468, February, 1976.     

Photochemical synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles in polyhydric alcohols

A procedure was developed for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles in the presence of polyols like ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and 1,2-propylene glycol. Spectral characteristics of the obtained nanocomposites were mesured and kinetics of the formation of the colloidal phase was studied. The influence of the polyol nature and concentration on the photoinitiated formation of silver and gold nanoparticles was studied. The 1,2-propylene glycol is shown to exhibit maximal stabilizing effect.     

Novel approach to relaxation data analysis in polyhydric alcohols

In this paper the experimental data on dielectric permittivity of 1,3-, 1,4- and 2,3-butanediols within the frequency range from 1 MHz to 36 GHz and the temperature range from 283 to 423 K were analyzed. The correlation between relaxation parameters of the Davidson-Cole equation and molecular structure of the investigated butanediols was established. Values of average dipole moments of molecular clusters, 〈μ_c〉, were calculated according to the Dissado-Hill cluster theory. The dependence of 〈μ_c〉 on energy characteristics of the working model was revealed and discussed in details.     

Electrochemical reactions of some polyhydric alcohols at a copper anode

The reactions of some polyhydric alcohols have been carried out at a copper anode and the reaction products have been identified by chemical analysis and IR spectral studies. All the reactions have been found to yield copper(II) glycolates with almost 100% current efficiency.     

O-nitration of alcohols. Communication 2. Selective nitration of primary hydroxy groups in polyhydric alcohols

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Kinetic studies of xenon trioxide as an oxidant-I Determination of alcohols

A kinetic study of the oxidation of some alcohols by xenon trioxide has revealed the optimum conditions for analysis of these alcohols. The rate of reaction may be increased by adding a catalyst or by increasing the pH of the solution; it may be decreased by adding an inhibitor. The initiation time of the reaction is used to determine t-butanol in amounts as low as 22 mug or 880 parts per milliard (ppM). Primary and secondary alcohols which catalyse the reaction between t-butanol and xenon trioxide may be determined in amounts as low as 2.3 mug or 92 ppM. Tertiary butanol in amounts less than 40mug is determined with a coefficient of variation of 4% while methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are determined with a coefficient of variation of 10% at the level of 25mug or more. The precision in determination of t-butanol increases with increasing concentration, while for isopropanol, ethanol and methanol it decreases.     

Structural influence of mono and polyhydric alcohols on the stabilization of collagen

In the present study, solvents effects on the structure of collagen have been examined by circular dichroism and their interfacial tension at glass/liquid and Teflon/liquid. Changes in the conformations of the protein have been analyzed after equilibration with aqueous solutions of monohydric and polyhydric alcohols like methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, propane-2-diol and glycerol. The results from viscosity and Circular dichroism (CD) spectra suggest a clear distinction in the structural changes for collagen with monohydric alcohols as against polyhydric ones. The surface tension and interfacial tension at glass (high surface energy, HFSE) and Teflon (Low surface energy, LSFE) reflect similar differences between the monohydric and polyhydric alcohols. Studies on the interfacial energy of the adsorbed protein at glass/solution interface compared to that of Teflon/solution interface show that the water structure near glass gets perturbed leading to an increase in the average free energy of the bulk water phase and a reduction in hydrophobic effect near the glass. The results suggest that the different solvents alter the hydrophobic effect on the hydrated protein to different extent and thus influence folding equilibrium of the protein without directly interacting with it. Polyhydric alcohols seem to favor the native collagen structure while monohydric alcohols enhance it.     

HPLC of fatty acid esters of mono- and polyhydric alcohols. Part 2: Preparative separation

This paper demonstrates how simply and rapidly fatty acid esters of mono- and polyhydric alcohols can be separated quantitatively in preparative quantities on Lobar® RP-8 packed columns. After the separation of unknown mixtures, the isolated esters are identified from spectroscopic data (IR/NMR) and, after saponification of the ester components (fatty acids and alcohols), from the retention times of gas and high-pressure liquid chromatographic separations. Thus, in particular, sparingly volatile or nonvolatile partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, as well as the long-chained full esters, can be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The following fatty acid esters of mono- and polyhydric alcohols have been separated: the i-propylesters of the laurinic and myristinic acids, the i-butyl-, i-octyl- and i-octadecyl-esters of the palmitinic and stearic acids, the mono- and di-fatty acid esters of the 1,3-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoins, the mono-, di- and tri-esters of the trimethylalpropane and the full esters of the pentaerythrite.