水热法合成ZnS∶Au,Cu超细X射线发光粉

报道了水热法合成的高强度ZnS∶Au,Cu超细X射线发光粉及其光致发光(PL)和X射线激发发光(XEL)的光谱特性。200℃水热处理12h直接合成样品的纳米晶粒约15nm,尺寸分布窄,分散性好,具有纯立方相的类球形结构。氩气保护下1000℃焙烧1h后的样品存在一定的团聚,但团聚后尺寸为1～2μm,为超细X射线发光粉,此时样品为纯六角相的类球形为主的结构。所有样品的PL和XEL光谱均为宽带谱,水热法直接合成样品的XEL强度最强时,样品的Cu/Zn,Au/Cu比值分别为3×10-5和2。在此比值条件下,1000℃焙烧1h样品的XEL发光最强,此时其2个峰值分别位于445和513nm,且与未焙烧前相比强度增强了10倍左右。另外通过比较PL光谱与XEL光谱特性,讨论了PL和XEL光谱的发光机理和其不同的激发机制。     

水热法制备ZnS:Cu,Tm超细X射线发光粉

研究了水热法合成的ZnS: Cu,Tm超细X射线发光粉及其光致发光(PL)和X射线激发发光(X-ray excited luminescence,XEL)光谱特性.200 ℃水热处理12 h直接合成样品的纳米晶粒径约15 nm,尺寸分布窄,分散性好,具有纯立方相的类球形结构.氩气保护下900 ℃退火1 h后的样品存在一定的团聚,但团聚后尺寸为200—600 nm,为超细X射线发光粉,此时样品为纯六方相的类球形为主的结构.所有样品的PL和XEL光谱均为宽带谱.水热法直接合成样品的XEL强度最强时,样品的Cu/Zn,Tm/Cu比值分别为3×10^-4和2.在此比值条件下,900 ℃退火1 h样品的XEL发光最强,此时其两个峰值分别位于453,525 nm.发光强度增强的同时粒径很小,对提高成像系统分辨率非常有意义.通过比较PL光谱与XEL光谱特性,讨论了PL和XEL光谱的发光机理和其不同的激发机理. 关键词： ZnS:Cu Tm 水热法 X射线激发发光     

水热合成ZnS:Cu,Al纳米晶体及其全色发射光谱特性

报道了水热法(200℃)直接合成的ZnS:Cu,Al纳米晶及其发光特性.ZnS:Cu,Al纳米晶粒径约15 nm,尺寸分布窄,分散性好,具有纯立方相的类球形结构.借助X射线能谱法(EDX)和原子吸收光谱仪,研究了样品中S,Zn和Cu的含量并详细研究了光致发光(PL)光谱的特性.结果证明存在大量Zn空缺,Cu离子经过水热处理后已掺入到ZnS基体中.PL光谱特性为:样品的激发谱为宽带谱,337 nm激发时样品发出很强的绿光,370～420 nm之间任意波长激发时,发射谱均为宽带谱,且它们基本重合.表明此材料作为近紫外(370～410 nm)发光二极管((n)-UV(370～410 nm)LED)用荧光粉及全色荧光粉具有很大的应用潜力.样品在375 nm激发下全色宽带发射谱是460,510和576 nm带光谱的高斯叠加.当Cu/Zn,Cu/Al和S/Zn分别为3×10-4,2和3.0时,于室内照明条件下肉眼可观察到白色发光.     

SnO2:Eu3+纳米晶的水热法制备及发光性能

采用水热法制备了Eu3+掺杂SnO2纳米发光粉,样品在不同温度下热处理得到不同粒径尺寸的纳米颗粒.利用X射线衍射(XRD)与光致发光(PL)谱对样品进行表征.XRD分析表明:SnO2:Eu3+样品均为纯相金红石结构.PL测量表明:水热法直接制备的样品的激发谱由Eu3+的f-f本征激发峰组成,而经过热处理后样品的激发谱由O2--Eu3+电荷迁移带和Eu3+的f-f本征激发组成;样品的发光强度与颗粒大小有密切关系.     

燃烧法合成Ln_2O_2S∶RE~(3+)(Ln=Gd,La;RE=Eu,Tb)X射线荧光粉及发光性能

采用燃烧合成法,以稀土硝酸盐和二硫代乙二酰胺为反应物,通过控制两者的摩尔比例,在点燃温度为300 ~350℃时,制备了掺杂不同浓度稀土激活剂离子的硫氧化物X射线荧光粉。分别以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)光谱及X射线激发的发光(XEL)光谱对样品进行了表征。XRD分析表明,当热处理温度低于500℃时,可得到单一相的硫氧化物X射线荧光粉,这就避免了高温烧结的缺点;而当烧结温度较高时,开始有硫酸氧化物出现。从SEM图像中可以看到荧光粉粉末具有疏松和多孔连续的三维的网络块状结构,但其初级粒子尺寸较小,均小于50nm,这在一定程度上,可以提高成像系统的空间分辨率。PL光谱分析表明,所制备的荧光粉样品分别呈现出Eu3+,Tb3+离子的特征发射。XEL光谱结果表明,尽管它与光致发光的激发原理不一样,但同样呈现出Eu3+,Tb3+离子的特征发射;这些样品本身对X射线的吸收系数及掺杂浓度不一样,因此它们的光发射效率也有所差别。     

燃烧法合成Ln2O2 S:RE3+(Ln=Gd,La;RE=Eu,Tb) X射线荧光粉及发光性能

采用燃烧合成法,以稀土硝酸盐和二硫代乙二酰胺为反应物,通过控制两者的摩尔比例,在点燃温度为300—350℃时,制备了掺杂不同浓度稀土激活剂离子的硫氧化物X射线荧光粉。分别以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)光谱及X射线激发的发光(XEL)光谱对样品进行了表征。XRD分析表明,当热处理温度低于500℃时,可得到单一相的硫氧化物X射线荧光粉,这就避免了高温烧结的缺点;而当烧结温度较高时,开始有硫酸氧化物出现。从SEM图像中可以看到荧光粉粉末具有疏松和多孔连续的三维的网络块状结构,但其初级粒子尺寸较小,均小于50nm,这在一定程度上,可以提高成像系统的空间分辨率。PL光谱分析表明,所制备的荧光粉样品分别呈现出Eu^3 ,Tb^3 离子的特征发射。XEL光谱结果表明,尽管它与光致发光的激发原理不一样,但同样呈现出Eu^3 ,TB^3 离子的特征发射;这些样品本身对X射线的吸收系数及掺杂浓度不一样,因此它们的光发射效率也有所差别。     

CeO2:Eu3+粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度Eu3 掺杂的CeO2发光粉,样品粉末在紫外光激发下发出明亮的橙红色光.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品的结晶过程和发光性质进行了表征.XRD分析表明在0.2at.%～10at.%的Eu3 掺杂范围内,用溶胶-凝胶法合成的样品在500℃就结晶成纯相的CeO2:Eu3 多晶粉末.由于Ce4 和Eu3 离子半径十分接近,因而Eu3 在CeO2中具有较高的固溶度.PL激发谱中出现在300～390 nm的宽带激发峰起源于基质CeO2的吸收,电子吸收能量后,发生O2--Ce4 的电荷迁移,再将能量传递给Eu3 .PL发射谱显示Eu3 含量为6at.%的样品发光强度最强,随后出现浓度猝灭.导致发光出现浓度猝灭的机制是电偶极-电四极相互作用.样品烧结温度的升高,促使晶粒长大和结晶完整性提高,从而显著提高了CeO2:Eu3 粉末的发光强度.     

ZnO/Zn界面对纳米ZnO薄膜光学性质的影响

采用氧等离子体辅助电子束蒸发金属Zn后低温退火的方法制备纳米ZnO薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)谱、拉曼(Raman)谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及光致发光(PL)谱等手段,分析了退火温度及ZnO/Zn界面对样品的结构和发光性质的影响。Raman结果表明随着退火温度的升高,界面模式(Es)振动减弱并向低波数方向移动。当退火温度为400℃时,界面振动消失,Zn全部转化成具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO,得到化学配比的纳米ZnO薄膜。PL谱表明,经400℃退火处理的样品紫外发射最强,发光性质最好。     

CeO_2∶Eu~(3 )粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度Eu3 掺杂的CeO2发光粉,样品粉末在紫外光激发下发出明亮的橙红色光。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品的结晶过程和发光性质进行了表征。XRD分析表明在0.2at.%～10at.%的Eu3 掺杂范围内,用溶胶-凝胶法合成的样品在500℃就结晶成纯相的CeO2∶Eu3 多晶粉末。由于Ce4 和Eu3 离子半径十分接近,因而Eu3 在CeO2中具有较高的固溶度。PL激发谱中出现在300～390nm的宽带激发峰起源于基质CeO2的吸收,电子吸收能量后,发生O2-—Ce4 的电荷迁移,再将能量传递给Eu3 。PL发射谱显示Eu3 含量为6at.%的样品发光强度最强,随后出现浓度猝灭。导致发光出现浓度猝灭的机制是电偶极-电四极相互作用。样品烧结温度的升高,促使晶粒长大和结晶完整性提高,从而显著提高了CeO2∶Eu3 粉末的发光强度。     

SnO2 ∶ Eu3+ 纳米晶的水热法制备及发光性能

采用水热法制备了Eu³⁺掺杂SnO₂纳米发光粉,样品在不同温度下热处理得到不同粒径尺寸的纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射(XRD)与光致发光(PL)谱对样品进行表征。XRD分析表明:SnO₂ ∶ Eu³⁺样品均为纯相 金红石结构。PL测量表明:水热法直接制备的样品的激发谱由Eu³⁺的f-f本征激发峰组成,而经过热处理后样品的激发谱由O^2--Eu³⁺电荷迁移带和Eu³⁺的f-f本征激发组成;样品的发光强度与颗粒大小有密切关系。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.