有机锗（Ge—132）对交警健康作用的研究

初步观察了给交警服用Ｇｅ－１３２的效果，表明Ｇｅ－１３２有一定保健作用。     

砷污染对植物和人体健康的影响及防治对策

讨论了土壤环境背景值及来源，地植物和人体健康的影响，砷的环境质量标准，国内外砷对环境的情况，以及砷污染防治对策。。     

The consequences of UV-induced immunosuppression for human health

Exposure to UV radiation can cause suppression of specific immune responses. The pathways leading to the down-regulation are complex, starting from the absorption of UV photons by chromophores in the skin and ending with local and systemic changes in immune mediators, the generation of T and B regulatory cells and inhibition of effector and memory T cell activation. The consequences for human health are thought to be both beneficial and adverse. The former are illustrated by protection against polymorphic light eruption, and possible protection against T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and asthma. The latter are illustrated by skin cancer, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and infectious diseases including vaccination. Many outstanding questions remain in this rapidly developing and controversial area, not least what advice to give the general public regarding their sun exposure. While considerable advances have been made in the development of strategies that preserve the health benefits of sunlight exposure and decrease its detrimental effects, further research is required before optimal levels of protection are achieved.     

Particles, air quality, policy and health

The diversity of ambient particle size and chemical composition considerably complicates pinpointing the specific causal associations between exposure to particles and adverse human health effects, the contribution of different sources to ambient particles at different locations, and the consequent formulation of policy action to most cost-effectively reduce harm caused by airborne particles. Nevertheless, the coupling of increasingly sophisticated measurements and models of particle composition and epidemiology continue to demonstrate associations between particle components and sources (and at lower concentrations) and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This article reviews the current approaches to source apportionment of ambient particles and the latest evidence for their health effects, and describes the current metrics, policies and legislation for the protection of public health from ambient particles. A particular focus is placed on particles in the ultrafine fraction. The review concludes with an extended evaluation of emerging challenges and future requirements in methods, metrics and policy for understanding and abating adverse health outcomes from ambient particles.     

硒锗的研究开发及其在医药保健中的地位

综述了硒和锗元素的生物学作用、药理功效及保健效能等方面的研究进展，并展示了它们在医疗保健领域中广阔的应用开发前景。     

Dietary uptake of lycopene protects human cells from singlet oxygen and nitrogen dioxide - ROS components from cigarette smoke.

There is current interest in the health benefits of dietary carotenoids and the possible deleterious effects on certain sub-populations such as smokers. Here we report in vivo protection of human lymphocytes, conferred by dietary supplementation of lycopene rich foods against the reactive oxygen species, NO(2)(*) radical (by electron transfer) and 1(O)(2) (by energy transfer). It was found that a lycopene rich diet, maintained for 14 days, increased the serum lycopene level 10 fold compared to serum obtained after the same period, where a typical western European diet had been consumed. Relative lymphocyte protection factors of 17.6 and 6.3 against NO(2)(*) radical and 1(O)(2), respectively, were obtained, which re-enforce epidemiological data, showing protection against several chronic diseases by tomato lycopene.     

Determination of Pesticides in the Respirable Fraction of Airborne Particulate Matter by High-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Potential harmful effects of pesticides include risks to human health of workers involved in the wet spray application in cultivated areas. Inhalation exposure depends on several factors including pesticide concentrations in the respirable fraction of airborne particulate matter (PM₄). To ensure a high level of protection, the use of tractors with cabins provides protection against dust, aerosols, and vapors. Since tractors not providing maximum protection are still in use, PM₄ was sampled during spreading operations in agricultural fields inside and outside tractor cabins. Sample preparation technique based on accelerated solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction cleanup was optimized before analysis of nine pesticides in PM₄. Meptyldinocap, deltamethrin, myclobutanil, fluopyram, methoxyfenozide, dimethomorph, fluopicolide, cyflufenamid, and metrafenone were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS–MS). The results demonstrated the efficacy of the tractor cabs used in the sampling sites.     

铅对人体健康危害及其预防措施

着重阐述了铅的污染与对人体健康危害情况及应采取的预防措施。这些预防措施都是简单可行的,对于减少铅的污染,免受它的危害,增进人体健康都有十分重要意义。     

Resistant starch and colorectal neoplasia

There are several approaches to examining the relationship between resistant starch (RS) and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). These include examination of epidemiological relationships, objective testing of effects of RS given to humans on biological events of relevance to CRC, and studies in animal models where protection and mechanisms of protection can be directly tested. Nine epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between starch and CRC and/or adenomas. Most show a significant protective effect. However, epidemiological tools for measuring consumption of RS are poorly developed and so a benefit for RS can only be inferred. On balance, the magnitude of protection by starch appears to be in the order of 25-50%. Human intervention studies have examined the effect of various types and amounts of RS consumption on colonic biology. To generalize from these studies, RS softens stools and increases stool bulk, decreases pH, increases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, reduces products of protein fermentation, and decreases bile salts in fecal water. Such changes seem to be achieved within about 4 weeks of commencing consumption. The greatest effects are seen with the highest doses where increased fecal starch recovery is observed. A modest number of animal studies have been undertaken. Those examining effects of RS on colonic biology and biomarkers for CRC confirm and extend the results in humans. RS modifies the lumenal environment, largely through altered fermentation of polysaccharides and proteins. RS also affects epithelial biology in that it increases apoptotic deletion of genetically damaged cells. More work is needed to define what types and combinations of RS, perhaps with probiotics, exert the greatest effects on colonic environment and epithelial biology, and then to test these in the cancer models for their protective effect. A few studies have examined effect of RS on cancer as an end point in several rodent models, but the results are not clear cut. In conclusion, consumption of RS dramatically affects the colonic lumenal environment and facilitates apoptotic deletion of genetically damaged cells in the colon, several of which are considered to be biomarkers associated with risk for CRC. These effects can be interpreted as reflecting improved colonic health, which might be of benefit in protection against CRC. Direct evidence for protection is still not available.     

碘盐及其化验研究

阐述了碘盐对人体的作用，并研究了碘盐中碘的化学分析方法，对杜绝无碘私盐，保护人民身体健康具有重要意义。