Transport coefficients and mechanical response in hard-disk colloidal suspensions

We investigate the transport properties and mechanical response of glassy hard disks using nonlinear Langevin equation theory.We derive expressions for the elastic shear modulus and viscosity in two dimensions on the basis of thermalactivated barrier-hopping dynamics and mechanically accelerated motion.Dense hard disks exhibit phenomena such as softening elasticity,shear-thinning of viscosity,and yielding upon deformation,which are qualitatively similar to dense hard-sphere colloidal suspensions in three dimensions.These phenomena can be ascribed to stress-induced "landscape tilting".Quantitative comparisons of these phenomena between hard disks and hard spheres are presented.Interestingly,we find that the density dependence of yield stress in hard disks is much more significant than in hard spheres.Our work provides a foundation for further generalizing the nonlinear Langevin equation theory to address slow dynamics and rheological behavior in binary or polydisperse mixtures of hard or soft disks.     

二分量带电胶体悬浮系统的等效硬球模型

研究由无限稀薄的靶粒子散布于有限浓度(体积分数为)的主粒子悬浮液中而组成的二分量带电胶体系统,计算了靶粒子的短时间平动和转动自扩散系数.当系统中的粒子浓度和电解质浓度都不太高时,只考虑流体力学相互作用对扩散张量的首项两体贡献.为了计算体系的对分布函数,在数值计算的基础上发展了一个等效硬球模型,近似地把主粒子和靶粒子看作等效半径为δEHS的相同硬球粒子.结果表明,靶粒子的自扩散系数随两种粒子尺寸比和主粒子体积分数变化的关系可以很好地用等效硬球模型来解释 关键词： 胶体悬浮系统 自扩散 等效硬球 流体力学作用 关联函数     

Nonequilibrium Brownian dynamics simulations of shear thinning in concentrated colloidal suspensions

The effect of interparticle forces on shear thinning in concentrated aqueous and nonaqueous colloidal suspensions was studied using nonequilibrium Brownian dynamics. Hydrodynamic interactions among particles were neglected. Systems of 108 particles were studied at volume fractions of 0.2 and 0.4. For the nonaqueous systems, shear thinning could be correlated with the gradual breakup of small flocs present because of the weak, attractive secondary minimum in the interparticle potential. At the highest shear rate for=0.4, the particles were organized into a hexagonally packed array of strings. For the strongly repulsive aqueous systems, the viscosity appeared to be a discontinuous function of the shear rate. For=0.4, this discontinuity coincided with a transition from a disordered state to a lamellar structure for the suspension.     

Dynamics in dense suspensions of charge-stabilized colloidal particles

The dynamic behavior of charge-stabilized colloidal particles in suspension was studied by photon correlation spectroscopy with coherent X-rays (XPCS). The short-time diffusion coefficient, D(Q) , was measured for volume concentrations φ ⩽ 0.18 and compared to the free particle diffusion constant D₀ and the static structure factor S(Q) . The data show that indirect, hydrodynamic interactions are relevant for the system and hydrodynamic functions were derived. The results are in striking contrast to the predictions of the PA (pairwise-additive approximation) model, but show features typical for a hard-sphere system. The observed mobility is however considerably smaller than the one of a respective hard-sphere system. The hydrodynamic functions can be modelled quantitatively if one allows for an increased effective viscosity relative to the hard-sphere case.     

多分量胶体悬浮系统转动扩散张量的反射理论

研究多分量胶体悬浮系统的反射理论,给出用反射理论推导转动扩散张量的方法.计算了流体力学相互作用对转动扩散张量的二体贡献和首项三体贡献. 关键词： 反射理论 扩散 胶体悬浮系统 流体力学作用     

Square root singularity in the viscosity of neutral colloidal suspensions at large frequencies

The asymptotic frequency, , dependence of the dynamic viscosity of neutral hard-sphere colloidal suspensions is shown to be of the form ₀A()(_p)^-1/2, whereA() has been determined as a function of the volume fraction , for all concentrations in the fluid range, ₀ is the solvent viscosity, and _p is the Péclet time. For a soft potential it is shown that, to leading order in the steepness, the asymptotic behavior is the same as that for the hard-sphere potential and a condition for the crossover behavior to 1/_p, is given. Our result for the hardsphere potential generalizes a result of Cichocki and Felderhof obtained at low concentrations and agrees well with the experiments of van der Werffet al. if the usual Stokes-Einstein diffusion coefficientD ₀ in the Smoluchowski operator is consistently replaced by the short-time self-diffusion coefficientD _s() for nondilute colloidal suspensions.     

电解质对浓悬浮液中胶体颗粒扩散特性的影响

本文利用相位调制光纤低相干动态光散射装置, 研究了不同物质量浓度下电解质 (NaCl及 BaCl₂) 对浓悬浮液中聚苯乙烯胶体颗粒扩散特性的影响. 实验结果表明, 当电解质浓度低于0.01 mol/L 时, 恒温条件下浓悬浮液中聚苯乙烯胶体颗粒扩散系数随电解质离子浓度以及离子化合价的增大而增大, 实验测量得到的扩散系数与Stern模型所得到的扩散系数符合较好. 关键词： 测量 电解质 浓悬浮液 低相干动态光散射     

Kossel line analysis on crystallization in colloidal suspensions

The processes of crystallization in salt-free aqueous suspensions of highly-charged latex particles were observed by laser diffraction experiments for semi-dilute specimens of concentration 0.1–10 vol%. The Kossel diffraction patterns provide accurate three-dimensional information on the suspensions enabling the time evolution of the crystal structure to be recorded in detail. The results showed that the ordering formation evolved by way of the following intermediate processes: two-dimensional hep structure ← random layer structure ← layer structure with one sliding degree of freedom ← stacking disorder structure ← stacking structure with multivariant periodicity ← fcc structure with (111) twin ← normal fcc structure. For less concentrated suspensions (< 2 vol %), the phase transition proceeded further from the normal fcc structure to the normal bcc structure via the bcc twin structure with twin plane (112) or (112).     

Determination of the friction coefficient via the force autocorrelation function. A molecular dynamics investigation for a dense Lennard-Jones fluid

For a large region of dense fluid states of a Lennard-Jones system, we have calculated the friction coefficient by the force autocorrelation function of a Brownian-type particle by molecular dynamics (MD). The time integral over the force autocorrelation function showed an interesting behavior and the expected plateau value when the mass of the Brownian particle was chosen to be about a factor of 100 larger than the mass of the fluid particle. Sufficient agreement was found for the friction coefficient calculated by this way and that obtained by MD calculations of the self-diffusion coefficient using the common relation between these coefficients. Furthermore, a modified friction coefficient was determined by integration of the force autocorrelation function up to the first maximum. This coefficient can successfully be used to derive a reasonable soft part of the friction coefficient necessary for the Rice-Allnatt approximation for the shear viscosity of simple liquids.     

Effects of unsymmetrical geometric confinements on depletion interactions in colloidal suspensions

The depletion interactions between two large-spheres immersed in a fluid of small spheres under unsymmetrical geometrical confinement are studied through the acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that no matter whether the volume fraction is large or small, both the depletion potential and depletion force are affected by the presence of the two plates; the closer the two large spheres are to the plate, the larger the effects of the unsymmetrical confinements.     

HNC-type approximation for transport processes in electrolytic solutions

On the basis of the diffusion approach in the theory of transport processes of electrolytic solutions we introduce a direct correlation force as a generalization of the direct correlation function in equilibrium. Starting from an approximation for the three-particle distribution function we derive a HNC (hypernetted chain)-type equation for calculation of binary distribution functions in nonequilibrium. The derivation is consistent with equilibrium theory.     

Effects of time delay on transport processes in an active Brownian particle

The transport properties of an active Brownian particle with a time-delayed feedback and an external bias are investigated theoretically. By virtue of the perturbation theory for small delay, analytical expressions for the mean velocity and effective diffusion coefficient are derived. There exists a critical absolute value of the bias, below and above which the delay, respectively, enhances and weakens the diffusion, for a fixed noise intensity. The effects of delay observed above are more pronounced for weaker noise. These results are further verified via direct numerical simulations.     

Laser light scattering technique for non-invasive<Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> simultaneous measurements on elastic constants and viscosity coefficients of nematic liquid crystals

The laser light scattering technique for non-invasivein situ simultaneous measurements on elastic constants and viscosity coefficients of nematic liquid crystals is introduced. By measuring the autocorrelation function of the scattered light from nematic liquid crystals at different scattering angles, the splay and twist elastic constantsK ₁₁ andK ₂₂ are obtained from the amplitudes of the autocorrelation function, and the viscosity coefficients ofη _Splay andη _Twist are determined using the viscoelastic ratiosK ₁₁/η _Splay andK ₂₂ η _Twist from the telaxation parameters of the two modes.     

Laser light scattering technique for non-invasive in situ simultaneous measurements on elastic constants and viscosity coefficients of nematic liquid crystals

Theelasticconstantsandtheviscositycoefficientsarethekeyparametersforthephysicalpropertiesofnematicliquidcrystals(LCs)[1,2],fortheyarecorrespondingtothethresholdvoltageandtherespondingtimeofliquidcrystaldisplaydevices[3,4].Sofarnotechniquethatcansimultaneouslymeasurethetwoparametersinsituhasbeenreported.TheelasticconstantsandviscositycoefficientsofnematicLCsatthepresentaremeasuredusingdifferentmethodsindependently.TheviscositycoefficientsisgenerallymeasuredwithOstwaldviscosimeter,andtheelasti…     

基于格林函数的多终端量子链状体系电子输运性质的研究

利用递推格林函数技术计算了多终端量子体系的电子输运特性，首先运用递归方法给出介观 或量子体系的格林函数. 然后利用散射矩阵和输运方程给出体系的电导方程，可以将多终端 的输运简化为双终端的输运方程，以便得到体系电子输运的谱结构. 计算结果表明，由于中 间节点的存在，使器件的传输谱偏离一维链的对称性，在低能量端出现一个新的电导峰值. 此外，本方法可以被应用到各种复杂的带有吸附结构量子体系输运的研究中. 关键词： 格林函数 散射矩阵 量子体系     

温稠密物质中不同价态离子分布对X-射线弹性散射光谱计算的影响

在天体物理和惯性约束聚变研究中涉及到的温稠密物质通常包含多种元素的混合,并且每种元素还被电离成多种离子价态,不同价态离子结构及其丰度将直接影响温稠密物质的诊断及其物理性质.同时,从电子结构计算出发来研究宏观物理性质时,还需要考虑温度、密度效应对离子结构的影响.本文从不同价态离子的电子结构计算出发,采用考虑了离子间相互作用的Saha方程获得了稠密环境下的离子丰度,并使用超网链(hypernetted-chain)近似对铝、金以及碳-氢混合物的径向分布函数进行了计算,结合离子周围电子的密度分布,最后获得X-射线汤姆逊散射的弹性散射谱.在X-射线散射谱计算中,计算了温稠密物质中同时存在不同离子价态时的电子结构和径向分布函数,发现在相同的等离子体环境下不同价态离子的径向分布函数和电子结构差别较大.这将对依赖于微观统计过程的物理性质,比如散射光谱,将产生较大的影响.     

Influence of the spin Brownian motion on the negative magneto-rheological effect in a rod-like haematite particle suspension

We have shown the basic equation of the orientational distribution function of prolate spheroidal haematite particles with rotational Brownian motion in a simple shear flow under an applied magnetic field. The equation has been solved numerically in order to investigate the influence of the spin Brownian motion on the orientational distribution, the negative magneto-rheological effect and the characteristics of magnetisation. With respect to the orientational distribution, the present results are in good agreement with those of the theory without that motion, which shows that the spin Brownian motion does not significantly influence the orientational distribution. In contrast, the influence of the spin Brownian motion appears more significantly in the negative viscosity: the negative viscosity effect decreases in comparison with that of the previous theory without the spin Brownian motion. Moreover, a more significant negative magneto-rheological effect is obtained for a larger particle aspect ratio. Since the magnetisation has a strong relationship with the orientation of the magnetic moment, the effect of the spin Brownian motion appears more significantly in this characteristic.