Dynamical response properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in a weak periodic magnetic modulation

Calculating the dynamical dielectric response function for a two-dimensional electron gas (2D EG) under a perpendicular magnetic field and subjected to an additional weak unidirectional periodic magnetic field within the random-phase approximation (RPA), we find that not only is the response function broadened in the presence of the magnetic modulation, but it is also found to contain a series of subsingularities at the band edges which are attributed to the magnetic modulation induced broadening of the energy spectrum.     

Effects of Coupling Oscillations on the Electron Conductivity of Hall Thrusters

It is known that the static magnetic field of a Hall thruster remains unchanged with the product of coil current and coil turn kept constant. This is called the ampere‐turns equivalence principle, which is used in the static magnetic field design of Hall thrusters. It is found that the discharge characteristic is different with the same static magnetic field which is formed by the same ampere‐turns but different coil turns. The effects of the fluctuating magnetic field on the static magnetic field are studied experimentally and theoretically, and the effective collision frequency is calculated based on the dispersion relation of coupling oscillations and the estimation of the fluctuating magnetic field. Results indicate that the different coil turns are accompanied by different coupling intensities which lead to different magnetic field fluctuations. The different magnetic field fluctuations cause differences in the effective electron collision frequency and therefore the electron conductivity and the discharge characteristic of Hall thrusters (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

六极子磁场中自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构

研究囚禁在环形势中的Rashba自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在六极子磁场中的基态特性。在这种情况下,磁场破坏了自旋轨道耦合哈密顿量的旋转对称性,但系统仍具有2π/3的离散对称性。数值结果发现:在弱相互作用情况下,六极子磁场和Rashba自旋轨道耦合使环形囚禁的凝聚体呈类六边形的基态密度分布,当磁场强度超过某一临界值时,凝聚体将崩塌;在强相互作用情况下,半量子涡旋出现在凝聚体中,且被六极子磁场钉在方位角Ф=nπ/3的径向位置,涡旋的旋转方向取决于径向磁场的方向。     

Thermodynamic properties of the XX model in a chain with a period two and three coupling

The exact solutions for the energy spectrum of the XX model with a periodic coupling and an external transverse magnetic field h are obtained. The diagonalization procedure is discussed, and analytical and numerical solutions are given. Using the solutions for period-two coupling, the free energy, entropy, and specific heat are calculated as functions of temperature and applied transverse external magnetic field. Their expressions show that below a particular value v and above a value u of the magnetic field |h|, the entropy and the specific heat vanish exponentially in the low temperature limit.     

光学极化子性质对耦合强度和磁场的依赖性

应用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,研究磁场和耦合强度对光学极化子性质的影响。数值计算表明:当电子接近晶体表面时,光学极化子的振动频率、基态能量和第一激发能仅与磁场有关,且随磁场强度的增强而增大;当电子远离晶体表面时,基态能量和第一激发能与磁场强度和耦合参数均有关,且随磁场强度和耦合参数的增加而增加。     

不同方向外磁场下海森堡自旋链的热纠缠

研究了两量子比特的海森堡XXX自旋链分别处于x方向和y方向均匀外磁场时系统的纠缠特性,并用负度N来度量。得到纠缠度N的解析表达式,并在此基础上进行数值计算。仔细讨论了磁场B、温度T和自旋耦合系数J对纠缠度N的影响。结果表明：纠缠度N会随着磁场|B|和温度T的增大而减小,但会随着自旋耦合系数J的增大而增大。另外,增大的J还会使临界磁场|Bc|和临界温度Tth变大。所以,我们可以通过调节B、T和J来控制热纠缠,这对固态系统中通过构建和选择参数调整系统的纠缠度具有一定的作用和意义。研究还发现,加在x方向均匀外磁场和加在y方向均匀外磁场对两量子比特的海森堡XXX自旋链的作用效果是一样的。     

The influence of the stoichiometry on the Eu nuclear spin-spin relaxation in EuO single crystals

The ¹⁵³Eu spin-spin relaxation for two spherical EuO single crystals of different composition has been measured for two saturating field values of 2 and 6 T. The relaxation can be described by two time constants, a short one increasing with the magnetic field, arising from the Suhl-Nakamura coupling and a long one, due to the dipolar coupling, which is field independent. It is shown that the number of nuclei which are relaxed due to the dipolar coupling increases at increasing magnetic fields, in agreement with the Suhl-Nakamura theory. For the sample which is nearly stoichiometric the relative number of nuclei which is relaxed due to the SN coupling is much larger than for the sample which contains an excess of Eu atoms.     

磁场和耦合强度对极化子有效质量和平均声子数的影响

应用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,研究磁场和耦合强度对极化子有效质量和平均声子数的影响.数值计算表明:极化子的有效质量随耦合强度的增加而增加,这是由于耦合强度增加时,电子与晶格振动之间的相互作用增加所致;而磁场强度增加时,有效质量是先增加,达到一个极大值后,再逐渐减少,出现共振现象.平均声子数随耦合强度的增加而增加,当磁场强度大于共振时的磁场强度时,随磁场强度的增加而减少,反之,结论相反.     

Spatial distortions of the orientational structure of a ferronematic in the presence of external fields

Spatial distortions of the director field and magnetization of a ferronematic (suspension of magnetic nanoparticles in a nematic liquid crystal) that are induced by simultaneous action of electric and magnetic fields are studied with allowance for the flexoelectric polarization of the liquid-crystalline matrix. Soft coupling of liquid crystal and magnetic particles and layer boundaries is considered. The dependence of the phase lag of the transmitted light on the external magnetic field is analyzed.     

梯度磁场中自旋-轨道耦合旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态研究

利用准二维Gross-Pitaevskii方程,研究了在梯度磁场中具有自旋-轨道耦合的旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构.探索了自旋-轨道耦合作用和梯度磁场对基态的影响.结果发现,在梯度磁场下,随着自旋-轨道耦合强度增大,基态结构由skyrmion格子逐渐过渡为skyrmion列.对于弱自旋-轨道耦合和小旋转频率情况,增大磁场梯度强度可导致基态由平面波相转变为half-skyrmion;对于强自旋-轨道耦合和大旋转频率情况,梯度磁场可诱导hidden涡旋的产生.梯度磁场、自旋-轨道耦合和旋转作为体系的调控参数,可用于控制不同基态相间的转化.     

Spin coupling and magnetic field effects on the finite-size free energy and its non-extensivity for 1-D Ising model with nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions in nanosystem

The effects of second-neighbor spin coupling interactions and a magnetic field are investigated on the free energies of a finite-size 1-D Ising model. For both ferromagnetic of nearest neighbor (NN) and next-nearest neighbor (NNN) spin coupling interactions, the finite-size free energy first increases and then approaches a constant value for any size of the spin chain. In contrast, when NNN and NN spin coupling interactions are antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively, the finite-size free energy gradually decreases by increasing the competition factor and eventually vanishes for large values of it. When a magnetic field is applied, the finite-size free energy decreases with respect to the case of zero magnetic fields for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin coupling interactions. Deviation of free energy per size for finite-size systems relative to the infinite system increases when the spin coupling interactions as well as the f parameter (the ratio of the magnetic field to NN spin coupling interaction) increase.     

场耦合忆阻神经网络的电活动

神经元之间除了突触耦合,还存在磁通耦合.因此在传统的神经元模型中引入磁通量,并研究场耦合下神经网络的放电活动具有实际意义.建立一个含场耦合的Hodgkin-Huxley忆阻神经网络,引入神经元节点之间的距离权重,用磁通量描述时变电磁场,采用磁控忆阻器实现膜电位和磁通量之间的耦合.探讨距离权重和系统大小对神经网络放电活动的影响.研究发现,随着权重增大,神经网络放电活动增强,且系统规模越大,诱导神经元兴奋性的权重阈值越大,系统大小不影响神经网络活性随距离权重变化的规律.在不同的权重值下,神经网络活性随系统大小变化的规律明显不同.研究表明,距离权重和系统大小对含场耦合的忆阻神经网络放电活动有重要影响,其中距离权重起主导作用.     

Diagrammatic weak-coupling expansion for the magneto-polaron energy

The problem of a Pekar-Fröhlich polaron in a magnetic field is considered for weak electron-phonon interaction. A diagrammatic technique for zero temperature is developed. Previously obtained results for two dimensions are reproduced. For three dimensions the polaron ground-state energy and the longitudinal effective mass are derived in the first orders of the electron-phonon coupling constant for non-zero values of a magnetic field. In a strong magnetic field the bulk polaron is shown to be equivalent to a one-dimensional polaron with a renormalized electron-phonon coupling constant. This leads to exact results in the strong-coupling limit.     

Manipulating vortices in F=2 Bose-Einstein condensates through magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling

We investigate the vortex structures excited by Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field and Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling in F=2 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensates. In the weakly interatomic interacting regime, an external magnetic field can generate a polar-core vortex in which the canonical particle current is zero. With the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field, the ground state experiences a transition from polar-core vortex to Mermin-Ho vortex, in which the canonical particle current is anticlockwise. For fixed spin-orbit coupling strengths, the evolution of phase winding, magnetization, and degree of phase separation with magnetic field are studied. Additionally, with further increasing spin-orbit coupling strength, the condensate exhibits symmetrical density domains separated by radial vortex arrays. Our work paves the way to explore exotic topological excitations in high-spin systems.     

磁场中极性晶体板内的强耦合极化子

采用推广的强耦合变分波函数方法，研究了在板面垂直方向施加磁场的极性晶体板内电子与体纵光学声子和表面光学声子强相互作用系统的能量和有效质量，得出了作为厚度和磁场强度函数的极化子的能量和有效质量表达式．对Cu₂O材料作了数值计算，并讨论极化子的基态能、电子与声子相互作用能以及有效质量随板厚及磁场强度变化的规律 关键词：     

强耦合半无限极性晶体中磁极化子的激发能量

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换,利用变分法计算了多原子半无限极性晶体中由电子和光学声子强耦合相互作用所产生的磁极化子的第一激发能量及平均声子数,并通过适当的数值计算图示了它们与磁场的关系。结果表明:在不同的磁场条件下,电子无限接近晶体表面和电子处于晶体深处时,磁极化子的第一激发能量和平均声子数都有所不同。     

Canonical Quantization of Electromagnetic Field in the Presence of Nonlinear Anisotropic Magnetodielectric Medium with Spatial-Temporal Dispersion

Modeling a nonlinear anisotropic magnetodielectric medium with spatial-temporal dispersion by two continuum collections of three dimensional harmonic oscillators, a fully canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field is demonstrated in the presence of such a medium. Some coupling tensors of various ranks are introduced that couple the magnetodielectric medium with the electromagnetic field. The polarization and magnetization fields of the medium are defined in terms of the coupling tensors and the oscillators modeling the medium. The electric and magnetic susceptibility tensors of the medium are obtained in terms of the coupling tensors. It is shown that the electric field satisfy an integral equation in frequency domain. The integral equation is solved by an iteration method and the electric field is found up to an arbitrary accuracy.     

Modulation of Spin Distribution and Spin Transport by a Magnetic Field in a Quasi-One-Dimensional System with Spin--Orbit Coupling

The distributions of spin and currents modulated by magnetic field in a transverse parabolic confined two-dimensional electronic system with a Rashba spin--orbit coupling have been studied numerically. It is shown that the spin accumulation and the spin related current are generated by magnetic field if the spin--orbit coupling is presented. The distributions of charge and spin currents are antisymmetrical along the cross-section of confined system. A transversely applied electric field does not influence the characteristic behaviour of charge- and spin-dependent properties.     

Fabrication and characterization of graphene derived from SiC

Using novel ideas for the fabrication of epitaxial graphene(EG)on SiC,two forms of graphene termed as vertical aligned graphene sheets(VAGS)and graphene covered SiC powder(GCSP)were derived,respectively,from SiC slices and SiC powder,aimed for applications in energy storage and photocatalysis.Herein,the fabrication procedures,morphology characteristics,some intrinsic physical properties and performances for applications in field effect transistor(FET)and cold cathode field emission source are revealed and analyzed based on the graphene materials.The EG on a 2-inch SiC(0001)showed an average sheet resistance about 720/with a non-uniformity 7.2%.The FETs fabricated on the EG possessed a cutoff frequency 80GHz.Based on the VAGS derived from a completely carbonized SiC slice,a magnetic phase diagram of graphene with irregular zigzag edges is also reported.     

带磁芯的高功率带绕式脉冲变压器的初步研究

 对高功率带绕式脉冲变压器磁芯的设计进行了初步考虑，从理论上分析了在高功率带绕式空芯脉冲变压器中加入部分磁芯对变压器内部电磁场分布及耦合系数的影响。理论分析和实验结果均表明：磁芯对高功率带绕式脉冲变压器耦合系数的提高有显著作用，并能改善变压器内部的电磁场分布；设计的高功率带绕式脉冲变压器耦合系数可达0.88，与相同结构尺寸的带绕式空芯脉冲变压器相比，耦合系数提高10%。