第12次全国电化学学术会议(上海)圆满召开

第12次全国电化学学术会议于2003年11月26日至11月30日在上海举行．会议由中国化学会电化学委员会主办,复旦大学、上海大学和上海师范大学共同承办．会议共收到论文550余篇,与会代表约600人,其中,中年青学者和研究生几占半数．另有国外及华裔学者10     

第十七次全国电化学大会在苏州大学(苏州)圆满召开

由中国化学会电化会委员会主办、苏州大学承办的第十七次全国电化学大会于2013年11月16日在苏州大学本部举行,会期历时3天,于18日闭幕.厦门大学田昭武院士、解放军防化研究院杨裕生院士、南京大学陈洪渊院士、苏州大学李述汤院士、厦门大学田中群院士、中国科学院大连化学物理研究所李灿院士、中国科学院大连化学物理研究所包信和院士、北京大学刘忠范院士、国家基金委化学三处杨俊林处长、高飞雪处长、本次大会主席中国电化学专业委员会主任万立骏院士、本次大会主席苏州大学朱秀     

国家杰出青年科学基金评审结果简介(化学学科)

国家自然科学基金委员会于1998年10月底已将国家杰出青年科学基金的评审工作全面完成.1998年国家杰出青年科学基金资助对象分为三类,其中A类的资助对象是在国内工作和定居的优秀青年学者;B类的资助对象是暂时不能回国定居但每年能回国工作2个月以上的海外优秀青年学者;C类是对国家杰出青年科学基金获资助者中成绩突出者进行延续资助.1998年化学科学部受理国家杰出青年科学基金A类申请60人,资助14人;B类申请17人,资助4人;C类,即在1995年度获资助者中择优遴选出3人进行延续资助.现将获资助者情况简要介绍如下.     

The impetus for and development of the National Analytical Measurement System (NAMS)

The National Analytical Measurement System (NAMS) underpins S&T innovation, economic and social development, and technical infrastructure for environmental protection and public health. It is a system that aids the economic growth of China. The purpose of NAMS is to effectively utilize analytical measurement resources to continually improve analytical measurement capabilities nationally, and to promote international comparability of measurement results. With the growth of economic globalization, China, wishing to promote economic links with countries around the world, needs to construct an effective NAMS which can contribute to the establishment of the global measurement system. By studying developed countries, drawing upon their experiences, and then considering the corresponding situation in China, this article proposes the establishment of a modern multi-level and multi-area virtual NAMS, which includes several analytical measurement resource databases, and a website platform providing technical services and technology dissemination. This article also describes the progress of The Establishment and Improvement of NAMS of China programme, supported by the central Chinese government, and implemented by a collaboration of more than 20 laboratories.Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Metrology – Trends and Applications in Calibration and Testing Laboratories, November 4–6, 2003, Eilat, Israel.     

1992年全国化学竞赛试题分析之一

1992年1月在山东济南举行的冬令营期间有65名中学生代表各省市参加了全国中学生化学竞赛。竞赛水准较以往有明显提高。但也反映出一些问题。问题之一是解决实际问题的能力有待努力提高。     

Micro-beam scanning PIXE analysis system at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)

In 2000, micro-beam scanning particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis system was installed in NIRS. This system provides the ability of multi-elemental mapping on maximum 2.5 mm×2.5 mm area in a spatial resolution of about 1 μm with quadrupole triplet magnets and a scanning coil. The estimated beam size on good tuning was 0.40×0.65 μm², that is one of the best capacity of micro-beam scanning PIXE system in the world. The performance was tested using small biological samples such as fish scale, pollen and small fish eye. Fine elemental maps were obtained in the samples of about 30 μm to a few mm size in the special resolution of about 1 μm. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quality-control materials in the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP)

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) develops and maintains the USDA National Nutrient Databank System (NDBS). Data are released from the NDBS for scientific and public use through the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) (). In 1997 the NDL initiated the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to update and expand its food-composition data. The program included: 1) nationwide probability-based sampling of foods; 2) central processing and archiving of food samples; 3) analysis of food components at commercial, government, and university laboratories; 4) incorporation of new analytical data into the NDBS; and 5) dissemination of these data to the scientific community. A key feature and strength of the NFNAP was a rigorous quality-control program that enabled independent verification of the accuracy and precision of analytical results. Custom-made food-control composites and/or commercially available certified reference materials were sent to the laboratories, blinded, with the samples. Data for these materials were essential to ongoing monitoring of analytical work, to identify and resolve suspected analytical problems, to ensure the accuracy and precision of results for the NFNAP food samples.     

1991年全国化学竞赛理论试题

一、在机械制造业中,为了消除金属制品中的残余应力和调整其内部组织,常采用有针对性的热处理工艺,以使制品机械性能达到设计要求。     

1991年全国化学竞赛实验题

人们为了研究生物体内蛋白质与过渡金属离子配合物所产生的生命活动。常常合成一些结构类似但又简单的配合物,从对这些模拟化合物的研究中可以观察到类似的生命现象。     

Establishing the traceability of radioactivity standards to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Uranium content of soil samples collected from different states of India, namely Uttar Prades, Rajasthan and Kerala has been estimated. The areas cover the normal background area, high background area and dumpyards of fertilizer factory and thermal power plant. Plastic sheets were used as a detector for the registration of fission tracks resulting from the (n, f) reaction on²³⁵U present in the sample due to the thermal neutrons from a nuclear reactor. The uranium concentration has been found to vary from 0.24 to 9.20 μg/g in various soil samples. Higher levels of uranium were found in the vicinity of a coal fired power plant. The present results may be useful for the radiation hygiene.     

The establishment of an Australian National Analytical Reference Laboratory (NARL)

 The National Analytical Reference Laboratory (NARL) was established by the Commonwealth Government within the Australian Government Analytical Laboratories (AGAL) Public Interest Programme in 1997, to help provide Australian scientists with the chemical standards they need to make reliable measurements. Reliable chemical measurements are vital to many aspects of our social and economic life including public health, environmental control, industrial productivity, trade innovation and government regulation. Mutual recognition of measurement results and the avoidance of costly disputes require the development of a structured and common system of measurement. Working-level measurements should be directly linked to national standards, which are themselves interlinked through international comparisons. Although metrology in chemistry is still in its infancy, increasing numbers of countries are establishing facilities to serve both national needs and to contribute to the international measurement system. The aim at NARL is to lead the development of an Australian chemical measurement system, which is harmonized with similar systems in other countries. This paper was presented at the Co-operation on Traceability in Analytical Chemistry (CITAC) symposium on Analytical Quality Assurance for the Twenty-first Century, held in Sydney on 15–16 October 1998. It describes the rationale for establishing NARL, the process of getting it started, the positioning, aims and strategy of NARL, the development of its work programme and plans for both national and international collaboration. If you would like more information or would like to contribute to the work of NARL please contact us at the above address.     

第35届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)有机试题解析

从反应机理出发,对第35届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)有机试题进行了解析,以加深读者对竞赛试题的理解,掌握答题方法与技巧,提高学习效率。     

第32届中国化学奥林匹克初赛有机试题详解

利用框图全面归纳了第32届全国化学奥林匹克竞赛（初赛）有机试题的考点分布,并对考题进行了详细解析,以帮助致力于参加高中化学竞赛的考生取得优异成绩。     

第31届全国化学奥林匹克竞赛(初赛)有机试题解析

从基础知识角度出发,对第31届全国化学奥林匹克竞赛(初赛)有机试题进行详细解析,供辅导化学竞赛的一线教师和参加化学竞赛的学生参考。     

发展生物安全材料学,筑牢中国国家安全城墙

生物安全问题已经成为全世界面临的重大生存和发展威胁之一。 在当前我国常态化抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的背景下,生物安全的战略地位不断提升,它不仅是对国家安全体系组成元素的不断丰富,而且也将增强我国应对突发公共卫生事件的能力,更是保障国家生物安全的必然选择。 然而,骤然爆发的COVID-19疫情,揭示了世界各国生物安全还存在漏洞。 我国疫情初期,抗疫一线防护装备严重缺乏,检测、监控手段薄弱等,其部分原因是我国生物安全相关的材料研发有所欠缺。 利用新材料来防范生物安全威胁和应对生物安全风险因子,发展生物安全材料学,加强生物安全材料学科建设及人才培养,促进生物安全材料学的发展,具有重大意义。 生物安全材料学的发展,必将满足人民健康、国家战略和国防需求,为我国国家安全提供保障。     

Biological and environmental reference materials from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)

Biological reference materials for elemental speciation were prepared at the National Institute for Environmental Studies. A new human hair reference material, prepared by cryogenic grinding using a ceramic disc mill, is in the process of certification for methyl-Hg and trace elements. Hijiki seaweed reference material was prepared for As speciation studies, primarily for use in the analysis of As(V). Scallop tissue reference material will be certified for arsenobetaine.     

英国的国家理科课程研究（一）──国家理科课程的由来及演变

本文对英国国家理科课程的提出、设置和框架、及其演变等,作了较为详细的研究;分析了理科课程成为国家核心课程的原因;对“理科课程在学校课程中的地位”、“为哪些人的理科”、“广泛和平衡的理科课程”、“持续和进步”等国家理科课程的基本理念,进行了探讨。