Liquid Solution Densities of Ternary-Pseudobinary Mixtures of (Benzene + Cyclohexane) in the Presence of Tetrachloromethane or <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Hexane

Densities have been obtained as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + tetrachloromethane or n-hexane) + (cyclohexane + tetrachloromethane or n-hexane)] at atmospheric pressure and the temperature 298.15 K, by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes, V_m^E, partial molar volumes and excess partial molar volumes were calculated from the density data. The values of V_m^E have been correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation and the coefficients and standard errors were estimated. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, CCl₄ or n-C₆H₁₄, have quite different influences on the volumetric properties of binary liquid mixtures of benzene with cyclohexane.     

Volumetric properties of (piperidine + water) binary system: Measurements and modeling

Densities of pure piperidine (CAS No.: 110-89-4) and of its mixtures with water have been measured over the whole range of compositions at temperatures from 283.15 K to 347.15 K using Anton Paar? digital vibrating tube densimeter. The density of this system has been found increasing with mass fraction of water. Excess molar volumes have been calculated using the measured experimental densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. Redlich–Kister equation parameters have been adjusted on experimental data. In addition, partial molar volumes and partial excess molar volumes at infinite dilution have been calculated for each component.     

Volumetric Properties of Ternary–Pseudobinary Mixtures [(Styrene + Ethyl Acetate or Benzene) + (<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone + Ethyl Acetate or Benzene)]

The densities of the ternary-pseudobinary mixtures [(styrene + ethyl acetate or benzene) + (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + ethyl acetate or benzene)], formed by adding the third component (ethyl acetate or benzene) to the binary system (styrene + ethyl acetate), have been measured as a function of composition by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure at 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes V _m ^E were calculated from the densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, ethyl acetate or benzene, have quite different influences on the interaction between styrene and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.     

Surface and bulk behavior of (dialkylsulfoxides + carbon tetrachloride) mixtures

Surface tensions, surface tension deviations, densities, and excess molar volumes of binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), diethylsulfoxide (DESO), dipropylsulfoxide (DPSO), and dibutylsulfoxide (DBSO) have been determined over the entire composition range at (298.15 and 313.15) K. The results were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation and the corresponding binary coefficients have been derived.The obtained excess quantities show that both charge-transfer complex formation between CCl₄ and dialkylsulfoxides (DASO) molecules and on the other hand sulfoxides’ chain length are crucial factors conditioning the excess thermodynamic properties of (CCl₄ + DASO) binary mixtures.     

Thermophysical Properties of the Ternary System 2-Methoxyethanol + Acetonitrile + 1,2-Dichloroethane, and the Binary Systems at 25°C

Excess molar volumes, change of refractive indexes, and deviation of dynamic viscosity of the 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol + 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane binary systems and the excess molar volumes of 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane ternary system have been determined at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure, by measuring densities, refractive indexes, and viscosities over the entire range of composition. These derived data of binary and ternary mixtures were fitted to Redlich–Kister and Cibulka equations, respectively. An estimation of excess volumes is also evaluated using a modified Heller equation, which depends on the refractive indexes of the mixture. A comparison of the predictions by different methods with the experimental values of the physical properties has been made.     

Excess molar volumes of the (cyclohexane + pentane,or hexane,or heptane,or octane,or nonane) systems at the temperature 298.15 K

The densities of the (cyclohexane + pentane, or hexane, or heptane, or octane, or nonane) systems were measured at the temperature 298.15 K by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter. Their respective excess molar volumes were calculated and correlated using the fourth-order Redlich—Kister equation, with the maximum likelihood principle being applied in the determination of the adjustable parameters. The values of excess molar volumes were negative for the cyclohexane + pentane system, whereas they were positive for the other systems with the values increasing with the number of carbon atoms in the respective alkane molecules.     

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium at 333.15 K and excess molar volumes at 298.15 K for the ternary system di-isopropyl ether + n-propyl alcohol + toluene and its binary subsystems

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data at 333.15 K are reported for the ternary system di-isopropyl ether (DIPE) + n-propyl alcohol + toluene and the binary subsystems DIPE + n-propyl alcohol, DIPE + toluene and n-propyl alcohol + toluene by using headspace gas chromatography. The excess molar volumes at 298.15 K for the same binary and ternary systems were also determined by directly measured densities. The experimental binary and ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium data were correlated with different G^E models and the excess molar volumes were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation for the binary systems and the Cibulka equation for the ternary system, respectively.     

Physical and excess properties of (methyl acetate + methanol + 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and its binary mixtures at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Densities, dynamic viscosities, and refractive indices of the ternary system composed by methanol, methyl acetate, and 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and the binary combinations of these constituents have been measured. The excess molar volumes as well as molar refraction and viscosity changes of mixing were calculated and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation to determine the fitting parameters and the root-mean-square deviations.     

Measurement and Correlation of Viscosities, Densities, and Water Activities for the System Poly(propylene glycol) + MgSO4 + H2O at 25°C

Viscosities, densities, and water activities for binary and ternary systems of poly(propylene glycol) 425 + H₂O and poly(propylene glycol) 425 + MgSO₄ + H₂O have been measured at 25°C. From density and viscosity measurements, excess volumes and excess viscosities of the binary poly(propylene glycol) 425 + H₂O, over the entire composition range, were obtained and correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister type equation. Viscosity, density. and water activity data for ternary system of poly(propylene glycol) 425 + MgSO₄ + H₂O were correlated by using a semiempirical equation.     

Volumetric Properties of Difurylmethane in Methanol from 288.15 to 308.15 K

The densities of binary systems of difurylmethane (DFM) in methanol have been measured with an Anton Parr DMA 4500 vibrating-tube densimeter over the entire composition range at intervals of 5 K in the temperature range between 288.15 and 308.15 K. Excess molar volumes of the mixture, apparent molar volumes of DFM, and excess partial molar volumes of both components have been calculated to provide insight into the intermolecular interaction present in the mixtures investigated. Excess molar volumes have been fitted to a Redlich–Kister equation and they exhibited negative deviations from ideal behavior. Both the apparent molar volume of DFM and excess partial molar volumes of DFM and methanol exhibit a dependence on composition but are less sensitive to temperature.     

Effects of the Presence of Cyclohexane or Methylcyclohexane on the Densities and Volumetric Properties of the Mixture (Benzene + Propionitrile)

Excess molar volumes, V_m^E, have been obtained as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane) + (propionitrile + cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane)] from the densities measured by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 298.15 K. The values of V_m^E have been correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane, has a significant effect on the interaction between benzene and propionitrile.     

Volumetric Properties of Ternary-Pseudobinary Mixtures Containing Benzene and Cyclohexane

Densities have been measured as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + toluene or methylcyclohexane) + (cyclohexane + toluene or methylcyclohexane)] by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure and the temperature 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes, V_m^E, were calculated from the densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show the third component, toluene and methylcyclohexane, influences the interaction between benzene and cyclohexane.     

Temperatures of liquid–liquid separation and excess molar volumes of {N-methylpiperidine–water} and {2-methylpiperidine–water} systems

Partial miscibility in binary systems {N-methylpiperidine–water} and {2-methylpiperidine–water} was studied. The temperatures of liquid–liquid separation were determined as function of composition using both calorimetric technique and phase equilibrium cell. The densities of {amine–water} mixtures were determined in the domain of total miscibility at temperatures between 288 K and 338 K. Excess molar volumes were derived from experimental density data and fit to a Redlich–Kister polynomial.     

Molar Volume, Molar Refraction, and Isentropic Compressibility Changes of Mixing at 25°C for the System Ethanol + Methanol + Dibutyl Ether

The densities, refractive indexes, and sound velocities for mixtures of ethanol + methanol + dibutyl ether at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, were determined and used to calculate molar volumes, molar refractions, and isentropic compressibilities. The excess molar volumes and the deviations of molar refractions and isentropic compressibilities from mole fraction and volume fraction averages, respectively, of these properties of the pure components were satisfactorily correlated with the composition data by means of the Redlich–Kister polynomial.     

Volumetric Properties and Refractive Indices for Binary Mixtures of 1-Propyronitrile-3-hexylimidazolium Bromide + Ethanol at Temperatures from 293.15 to 323.15 K

Densities and refractive indices have been measured for binary mixtures of 1-propyronitrile-3-hexylimidazolium bromide + ethanol in the temperature range 293.15–323.15 K. From the experimental data the excess molar volume V ^E, refractive index deviation Δn _D, and the coefficient of thermal expansion α were calculated and fitted to fifth- and third-order Redlich–Kister type equations, respectively. Using the measured densities, the apparent molar volumes (V _ϕ ), limiting apparent molar volumes (V_f⁰V_{\phi}^{0}) and limiting apparent molar expansivities (E_f ⁰E_{\phi} ^{0}) were also determined and the details are discussed.     

Excess molar volumes and excess viscosities for then-hexane+dichloromethane+tetrahydrofuran ternary system at 25°C

Exces molar volumes, and excess viscosities of then-hexane+dichloromethane+tetrahydrofuran system have been determined at 25°C by measuring densities and viscosities. Different expressions exist in the literature to predict these excess properties from binary data. The empirical correlation of Cibulka is shown to be the best in this system.     

Densities and excess molar volumes for mixtures of methanol with other alcohols at temperatures (288.15–313.15 K)

Densities have been measured for the binary mixtures of methanol with ethanol, isomers of propanol and butanol over the entire composition range at 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 K. The density data have been used to calculate the molar volumes, thermal expansion coefficients and their excess values. The excess parameters have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. The values of the molar volumes, excess molar volumes, thermal expansion coefficients and excess thermal expansion coefficients have been analyzed as a function of the mole fraction and the carbon chain length.     

Volumetric Properties of N, N-Dimethylformamide with 1,2-Alkanediols at 20°C

Dilatometric measurements of excess molar volumes and excess partial molar volumes have been made for binary mixtures of N, N-dimethylformamide with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2- pentanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol at 20°C over the entire composition range. The results are explained in terms of dissociation of the self-associated 1,2-alkanediol molecules and the formation of aggregates between unlike molecules through C = O ... 3H-O hydrogen bonding. Further, the effects of difference in chain lengths and steric factors on molecular interactions are also examined. From the experimental results, excess molar volumes were calculated and correlated by a Redlich–Kister type function in terms of mole fractions.     

Densities, Refractive Indexes, and Excess Properties of Mixing of the n-Hexanol + Ethanenitrile + Dichloromethane Ternary System at 25°C

Excess molar volumes and excess refractive indexes of the n-hexanol + ethanenitrile + dichloromethane system and the three corresponding binary mixtures have been determined at 25°C, by measuring densities and refractive indexes. Different expressions exist in the literature to predict these excess properties from binary data. The empirical correlation of Cibulka is shown to be the best in this system. An estimation of excess molar volumes is also evaluated using a modified Heller equation, which depends on the refractive indexes of the mixtures. Comparison of the predictions by different methods with the experimental values of the physical properties has been made.     

Volumetric Properties of the Ternary System 1,4-Dioxane + Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate and Its Binary Butyl Acrylate + Ethyl Acrylate at 298.15 K

Densities of the ternary system 1,4-dioxane + butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate and its binary butyl acrylate + ethyl acrylate have been measured in the whole composition range, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 oscillating U-tube densimeter. The calculated excess molar volumes of the binary system are positive and were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation and with a series of Legendre polynomials. Several models were used to correlate the ternary behavior from the excess molar volume data of their constituent binaries and were found equally good to fit the data. The best fit was based on a direct approach, without information on the component binary systems.