R值测量中强子事例选择的改进

强子事例的选择和强子探测效率是在BEPC/BES上进行R值测量的两项主要误差来源. 过去实验只选取等于或者大于2叉的强子事例, 因而0叉和1叉事例的丢失将导致强子事例数和强子探测效率的较大误差. 试图提出在R值测量中选取包含1叉强子事例在内的样本, 这将有助于更合理地调节强子事例产生器LUARLW的参数, 减小强子探测效率和R值测量的系统误差.     

R值测量中束流相关本底的扣除方法

利用北京谱仪R值扫描数据,研究了束流相关本底的特征及其扣除方法.采用f因子方法和拟合强子事例顶点z分布的方法来扣除残余束流相关本底,并讨论其对R值测量误差的贡献.结果表明,两种方法对R值测量误差的影响约为0.3%至2.3%.     

粒子物理实验

利用BES在τ质量测量期间获取的√S=3．55GeV的约5pb^-1的数据开展R值测量的预先实验研究。详细研究了与R值测量有关的各种因素．如强子事例挑选、本底扣除、亮度测量、辐射修正、效率确定等。特别是利用挑选出的强子事例的各种形态特征分布与现有的LUND模型的强子事例产生子Jetset 74相比较，调整其有关参数，首次得到适合于低能区的强子事例产生子，从而比较可靠地确定了效率。以上研究为下一步的R值扫描测量打下了良好基础。     

北京谱仪(NESⅡ)飞行时间测量修正的系统研究

飞行时间计数器(TOF)是北京谱仪(BESⅡ)中用于带电粒子鉴别的主要子探测器.鉴于粒子鉴别在物理分析中具有特殊重要的地位,本文对TOF测量时间的系统偏离和分辨率进行了研究.利用J/ψ能区的强子事例样本,对输出脉冲幅度Q,z向坐标位置和粒子的βγ值与时间偏离以及分辨率的关系进行了分析,分别构造了时间偏离和分辨率的修正函数.最后给出用ψ″能区的强子事例样本对修正函数进行检验的结果.     

2—5GeV能区的R值测量

作为粒子物理中的一个基本参数,R值在发展粒子物理理论及检验标准模型（SM）方面起着重要的作用。在低能区精确测量R值的实验努力对于弱电精确物理是至关重要的。R值测量不仅对α(M^2Z)的计算及αu的解释是重要的,而且对强子产生机制和经e^ e^-湮没产生的粲偶素本身的理解也是必须的。文章简要报道了在北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）和升级的北京谱仪（BES－Ⅱ）上完成的R扫描及其物理结果。     

负氢潘宁型离子源的束流引出测量

在中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所自行研制的负氢潘宁型离子源上进行负氢束流引出测量实验,采用单电极、双电极、三电极束流引出测量方法进行初步束流引出测量,束流强度的实验测量结果远远高于空间限制流的理论计算值。因此,提出一种电屏蔽盒的直流束流引出测量方法。阐述了电屏蔽盒直流束流引出测量的基本方法、束流轨迹的CST数值模拟以及束流引出测量实验结果。研究表明:引出电压为2 kV,引出间隙为3 mm,磁感应强度为0.435 T时,得到较为精确的负氢束流引出强度约100 A。通过空间电荷限制流的V3/2定律进行拟合,推算得到引出电压为40 kV时,负氢束流强度约达到4 mA。     

s~(1/2)=355GeV附近的R值测量

利用北京谱仪 (BES)在s=3.5 5GeV附近获取的总积分亮度约为 5 pb-1的实验数据 ,测量了e e-湮没强子产生截面与 μ子对产生截面的比值 (即R值 ) .其测量误差比其它实验组已发表的此能区的测量误差减小约 5 0 % .     

在羊八井测量初级宇宙线直达质子研究质子和空气核非弹性作用截面

提出了一种在高海拔通过测量直达质子来确定质子和空气核(p-air)的非弹性作用截面的方法, 并通过Monte Carlo模拟, 研究了其可行性. 假定将一台类似于KASCADE的强子量能器设置在西藏羊八井ARGO探测器的中央,选择大气簇射(AS)轴心落在强子量能器内的事例, 用全覆盖ARGO阵列作AS的反符合,用强子量能器测量非伴随的高能强子,即能以已知的效率得到一个直达质子事例样本. 利用这个样本,本工作以1%—2%的精确度还原了Monte Carlo模拟中所使用的p-air非弹性作用截面, 从而证明了这一方法的可行性.     

高能强子–强子碰撞中喷注的产生与演化过程的动力学起伏

用蒙特卡洛方法对630GeV/c质子–反质子碰撞中的无偏样本、喷注事件样本和喷注内样本中的动力学起伏进行了研究.结果表明,喷注事件样本和电子–正电子对撞的全事件样本相似,近似地有各向同性的动力学起伏,而喷注内样本则和电子–正电子对撞的喷注一样,有类似于强子–强子碰撞软过程的各向异性动力学起伏.这表明,强子–强子碰撞中喷注的产生和演化分别和电子–正电子碰撞中喷注的产生和演化有类似的动力学性质.     

放射性9C束流不同贯穿深度上的线能谱测量

为阐述放射性⁹C束流应用于治癌的物理基础, 运用一个球形生物组织等效正比计数器测量了⁹C束流不同贯穿深度上的线能谱, 得到了沿束流贯穿深度上的剂量平均线能分布. 将实验测量得到的线能谱转换成为不同传能线密度在吸收剂量中所占份额的分布, 得到了该⁹C束流在不同贯穿深度上的剂量平均传能线密度分布. 将生物组织等效正比计数器测量得到的与先前通过平行板正比计数器测量得到的该⁹C束流的剂量平均传能线密度分布进行比较, 发现: 在束流入射通道上, 两者测量数据符合很好, 而在束流Bragg峰附近⁹C离子的沉积区域, 由组织等效正比计数器测量得到的剂量平均传能线密度值大于由平行板正比计数器测量得到的值.     

A study of hadronic shower development in the ECAL of the alpha magnetic spectrometer Ⅱ

In this paper, we studied the development of hadronic shower in an electromagnetic calorimeter of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Ⅱ. Two parametrized empirical formulae were proposed to describe the hadronic shower shape in calorimeter. Using 100 GeV proton beam incident on the center of the ECAL, detailed plots of lateral and longitudinal hadronic shower behavior were given and we found the formulae can describe the development of the hadronic shower with the test beam data. The possible application of the parametrized formulae including e^±-π^± discrimination and tau jet reconstruction was discussed.     

A study of hadronic shower development in the ECAL of the alpha magnetic spectrometer Ⅱ

In this paper, we studied the development of hadronic shower in an electromagnetic calorimeter of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Ⅱ. Two parametrized empirical formulae were proposed to describe the hadronic shower shape in calorimeter. Using 100 GeV proton beam incident on the center of the ECAL, detailed plots of lateral and longitudinal hadronic shower behavior were given and we found the formulae can describe the development of the hadronic shower with the test beam data. The possible application of the parametrized formulae including e^±-π^± discrimination and tau jet reconstruction was discussed.     

Improved direct measurement of the parity-violation parameter Ab using a mass tag and momentum-weighted track charge

We present an improved direct measurement of the parity-violation parameter A(b) in the Z boson-b-quark coupling using a self-calibrating track-charge technique applied to a sample enriched in Z-->bb events via the topological reconstruction of the B hadron mass. Manipulation of the Stanford Linear Collider electron-beam polarization permits the measurement of A(b) to be made independently of other Z-pole coupling parameters. From the 1996-1998 sample of 400,000 hadronic Z decays, produced with an average beam polarization of 73.4%, we find A(b)=0.906+/-0.022(stat)+/-0.023(syst).     

Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions of ultrarelativistic nuclei

Beam nuclei accelerated at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN are lost due to interactions with the counter-rotating beam, residual gas, and accelerator elements. Proper modelling of the beam transport and radiation load on accelerator components requires reliable prediction of the yields of nuclear fragments produced in electromagnetic dissociation and hadronic fragmentation of beam nuclei. We investigate electromagnetic and hadronic fragmentation of lead nuclei in collisions with various nuclei and single electrons at the injection and collision energies of the LHC. The consideration is based on the RELDIS and abrasion-ablation models. Since this approach well describes Pb fragmentation data at 30 and 158 A GeV, its validity for Pb nuclei at the LHC collision energy is also expected.     

BEPC能区强子事例形态特性及模拟

利用北京谱仪(BES)在3.55GeV附近采集的数据和国际上已发表的数据,研究了北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)能区强子事例形态特征的分布,对LUND模型的JETSET7.4产生子作了仔细研究,并得到与低能实验数据相符的模型参数.     

The hadronic final state at HERA

The electron-proton collider HERA offers unique capabilities to study the properties of the hadronic final state. This paper summarizes selected results highlights from the colliding beam experiments H1 and ZEUS.     

Hadronic contributions to the muon g-factor

Using recently reported results from the Orsay colliding beam experiments, we have made a new estimate of the hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon due to vacuum polarization corrections.     

Effects of mean-field and softening of equation of state on elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at (~SNN)~(1/2)=5 GeV from the JAM model

We perform a systematic study of elliptic flow(v_2) in Au+Au collisions at(~SNN)~(1/2) = 5 GeV by using a microscopic transport model, JAM. The centrality, pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and beam energy dependence of v_2 for charged as well as identified hadrons are studied. We investigate the effects of both the hadronic mean-field and the softening of equation of state(EoS) on elliptic flow. The softening of the EoS is realized by imposing attractive orbits in two body scattering, which can reduce the pressure of the system. We found that the softening of the EoS leads to the enhancement of v_2, while the hadronic mean-field suppresses v_2 relative to the cascade mode. It indicates that elliptic flow at high baryon density regions is highly sensitive to the EoS and the enhancement of v_2 may probe the signature of a first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies of a strong baryon stopping region.     

Late energy injection and cosmological constraints in axino dark matter scenarios

Taking into account effects of late energy injection, we examine big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints on axino dark matter scenarios with long-lived charged sleptons. We calculate 4-body slepton decays into the axino, a lepton, and a quark–antiquark pair since they govern late hadronic energy injection and associated BBN constraints. For supersymmetric hadronic axion models, we present the obtained hadronic BBN constraints and show that they can be more restrictive than the ones associated with catalyzed BBN via slepton-bound-state formation. From the BBN constraints on hadronic and electromagnetic energy release, we find new upper limits on the Peccei–Quinn scale.