轴向流对Z箍缩等离子体稳定性的影响

利用理想磁流体力学(MHD)模型对有轴向流参与的Z箍缩等离子体不稳定性进行了分析.对可压缩平板等离子体模型的色散关系进行了推导，讨论了三种不同等离子体状态下的不稳定性增长率.结果显示，等离子体的可压缩性对磁瑞利-泰勒/开尔文-亥姆霍兹(MRT/KH)杂化不稳定性有抑制作用，改善了轴向剪切流对长波长扰动的影响.分析了不同轴向流速度分布对系统稳定性的影响.结果表明，对于峰值相同的不同轴向流，其对不稳定性的抑制效果只依赖于扰动集中区域内速度剪切的大小，与其他位置的速度剪切无关. 关键词： Z箍缩 磁瑞利-泰勒不稳定性 轴向剪切流 MHD方程     

轴向剪切流对Z箍缩等离子体瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的抑制

利用理想磁流体力学模型对有轴向剪切流的Z箍缩等离子体不稳定性进行了分析。给出了可压缩模型的色散关系,分别对可压缩及不可压缩模型中轴向剪切流对Z箍缩等离子体瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的抑制作用进行了比较,讨论了可压缩性对含有轴向剪切流系统不稳定性的影响。结果表明,可压缩性能够减缓瑞利-泰勒P凯尔文-亥姆霍兹(RTPKH)模扰动的增长,因而使得轴向剪切流对系统不稳定性的抑制作用表现得更为突出。计算结果还说明,在RT不稳定性线性增长阶段,等离子体温度较低,使用可压缩模型能够更真实地描述系统的状态。     

金属丝阵列Z箍缩装置中的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性

磁流体瑞利－泰勒（RT）不稳定性是Z箍缩装置研究中的重要理论课题。引入一个金属丝阵列型Z箍缩的雪耙模型,对RT不稳定性的扰动幅值进行了初步的定量分析,提出了用剪切轴向流来抑制和减弱Z箍缩中的RT不稳定性,并探索了其它可用来抑制这种超快过程产生的不稳定性的方法。     

有限拉莫尔半径和剪切轴向流组合稳定瑞利-泰勒不稳定性

本文参照不可压缩粘滞磁流体动力学方程，考查粘滞对环形等离子体内爆瑞利一泰勒（RT）不稳定性的影响。这里，粘滞效应按文献是指有限拉莫尔半径，用有限拉莫尔半径代替通常的平均自由程。换言之，把有限拉莫尔半径项看成有效粘滞项。即，在等离子体动量方程中称为同旋粘滞项。由于引入了速度剪切，开耳芬．亥姆霍兹不稳定性也包含其中。结果表明，在Z箍缩内爆中，有限拉莫尔半径对磁瑞利-泰勒不稳定性起强稳定作用，而且剪切轴向流和有限拉莫尔半径的组合效应能够极大减小瑞利-泰勒不稳定性。     

Z箍缩等离子体磁重联现象

分析了磁重联对晕等离子体加速和能量平衡过程的影响。分析表明晕等离子体向轴心的加速过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段晕等离子体在磁压或热压(依赖于丝数)作用下向轴心运动;第二阶段晕等离子体由于磁重联过程被加速到阿尔芬速度,并到达轴心形成先驱等离子体。估算表明重联层的厚度与离子的惯性长度具有相同的数量级,电流片内电子运动和离子的运动是解耦合的。在内爆滞止阶段电荷分离产生强的径向电场,这个电场将磁能转化为等离子体轴向(z方向)动能,内爆动能和轴向动能共同转化为X射线辐射能,以此解释了X射线能量大于内爆动能这一观测结果。分析了磁重联电磁脉冲的性质,对于1 MA驱动条件,电磁脉冲的总能量可达kJ量级。     

Z箍缩等离子体磁重联现象

分析了磁重联对晕等离子体加速和能量平衡过程的影响。分析表明晕等离子体向轴心的加速过程分为两个阶段:第一阶段晕等离子体在磁压或热压(依赖于丝数)作用下向轴心运动;第二阶段晕等离子体由于磁重联过程被加速到阿尔芬速度,并到达轴心形成先驱等离子体。估算表明重联层的厚度与离子的惯性长度具有相同的数量级,电流片内电子运动和离子的运动是解耦合的。在内爆滞止阶段电荷分离产生强的径向电场,这个电场将磁能转化为等离子体轴向(z方向)动能,内爆动能和轴向动能共同转化为X射线辐射能,以此解释了X射线能量大于内爆动能这一观测结果。分析了磁重联电磁脉冲的性质,对于1 MA驱动条件,电磁脉冲的总能量可达kJ量级。     

Z箍缩内爆等离子体研究新进展

目的,快过程Z箍缩内爆等离子体可以把储存的脉冲功率加速器内155的电能转化为大能量、高功率的X射线源,美国Sandia实验室的Z装置已经产生了总能量为1.8MJ、功率为290TW和黑腔湿度超过200eV的X射线源,这些进展正在用于惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验研究,并对它的后续装置X－1正在进行概念性设计,文章概要地叙述了Sandia实验室近五年来在Z装置上进行Z箍缩实验所取得的进展。     

Z箍缩等离子体电流分布实验研究

在"强光一号"装置上, 利用微型磁探针系统测量了钨丝阵负载内部的消融等离子体携带的电流, 对比了有无泡沫柱两种负载条件下内部电流分布的差异, 获得了稳定可靠的实验数据. 实验中使用了由42 根4.2 μm 钨丝组成的直径12 mm 的丝阵负载, 脉冲电流峰值为1.34 MA, 上升时间约70 ns. 结果表明: 在电流放电开始约20 ns 后, 半径3.2 mm 处的磁探针有明显的信号输出, 随后的20 ns 内, 内部等离子体分流比迅速上升至约20%, 并在30—40 ns 内基本保持稳定. 丝阵加载泡沫柱后, 内部电流值在Z 箍缩前期没有明显变化.     

Z箍缩内爆等离子体双层丝阵负载设计的物理分析

实验证实双层金属丝阵负载Z箍缩内爆等离子体产生的X光辐射源,与单层丝阵负载相比可以提高40%的功率。为了优化Z装置上双层丝阵负载实验方案的设计,从内爆动力学过程和Rayle igh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性发展过程进行了理论分析。分析表明:双层丝阵负载实验不会提高X光辐射的总能量,但可以明显地提高辐射功率;双层丝阵的外半径应与单层丝阵负载优化方案的半径相一致;双层丝阵内、外层质量的选取应以优化的单层丝阵内爆到心时间为标准;内层丝阵置于外层丝阵半径的正中位置上,更有利于抑制RT不稳定性。     

Z箍缩等离子体不稳定性的数值研究

利用二维辐射磁流体程序模拟了钨丝阵Z箍缩等离子体腊肠不稳定性的演化：分析了存在不稳定性与没有不稳定性条件下等离子体内爆的差异；研究了不同初始密度扰动对x射线输出 功率和能量的影响.数值结果表明，在一定初始密度扰动范围内，这种不稳定性对x射线输 出的总能量影响不显著，但对x射线功率随时间变化的曲线有明显的影响.此外，还探讨了Z 箍缩等离子体数值模拟中低密度区的数值处理对数值结果的影响. 关键词： Z箍缩 腊肠不稳定性 数值模拟     

Stability analysis of viscous Z-pinch plasma with a sheared axial flow

Within the magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） frame, we analyse the effect of viscosity on magneto-Rayleigh Taylor （MRT） instability in a Z-pinch configuration by using an exact method and an approximate method separately. It is demonstrated that the plasma viscosity indeed has a stabilization effect on the MRT mode in the whole wavenumber region, and its influence increases with the perturbation wavenumber increasing. After the characteristics and feasibility of the approximate method have been investigated, we apply it to the stability analysis of viscous plasma where a sheared axial flow （SAF） is involved, and we attain an analytical dispersion relation. It is suggested that the viscosity and the SAF are complemental with each other, and a wide wavenumber range of perturbation is possible to be restrained if the SAF and the viscosity are large enough. Finally, we calculate the possible value of viscosity parameter according to the current experimental conditions, and the results show that since the value of viscosity is much less than the threshold value, its mitigation effect is small enough to be neglected. The role of the viscosity in the stabilization becomes considerable only if special techniques are so developed that the Z-pinch plasma viscosity can be increased greatly.     

The influence of the wake on the stability of cantilevered flexible plates in axial flow

Cantilevered flexible plates in axial flow lose stability through flutter. Using the inextensibility condition for the cantilevered nonlinear plate equation of motion and the unsteady lumped-vortex model to calculate the fluid loads, a flutter boundary has been obtained. In the time-domain analysis performed to this end, the wake behind the oscillating cantilevered plate is assumed to issue tangentially from the free trailing edge and extend downstream with an undulating form. The influence of the wake on system stability may be characterized in terms of the non-dimensional mass ratio, reduced flow velocity and flutter frequency. For large values of the mass ratio, the plate vibrates with high frequency and high-order mode content. It is shown that the wake has less influence on system stability for long plates than it does for short ones.     

A micro Z-pinch as a spark of an axial detonation

Summary In order that a Z-pinch in a DT plasma could spark off an axial nuclear detonation wave severe conditions on space and time concentration of electromagnetic energy must be satisfied. Such energy compression could be achieved by a magnetic-field compressor (MFC) in which a fast liner compresses an azimuthal field (B _φ) of a micro Z-pinch. The driver of the MFC could be either a heavy-ion beam or an explosive magnetic-field generator (EMG) destroyed at each shot. In conclusion, some of the major problems associated with this approach to ICF are outlined.     

The effect of trailing end geometry on the vibration of a circular cantilevered rod in nominally axial flow

The effect of “trailing end” geometry on the vibration of a circular cantilevered rod in nominally axial water flow is reported. Eleven different trailing end geometries were tested. For each end geometry, rms displacement response and damping were measured and are presented as functions of mean axial flow velocity. The various geometric end shapes are ordered according to their effectiveness in attenuating rod vibration. The results, which are in qualitative agreement with similar experimental results from tests on flat plates, provide the designer with empirical information that allows selecting a trailing end geometry that minimizes response to parallel flow excitation. The results have application in the design of nuclear reactor fuel pins and certain instrumentation probes.     

Impact of the honk effect on the stability of traffic flow

In this paper, we propose an extended car-following model which takes into account the honk effect. The analytical and numerical results show that the honk effect improves the stability of traffic flow. The dependence of the stability on the properties of the honk effect is investigated in this paper.     

The electric double layer effect on the microchannel flow stability and heat transfer

The effect of the electric double layer (EDL) on the linear stability of Poiseuille planar channel flow is reported. It is shown that the EDL destabilises the linear modes, and that the critical Reynolds number decreases significantly when the thickness of the double layer becomes comparable with the height of the channel. First results coming from direct numerical simulations on the non-linear effects show also that the by-pass transition is much more rapid in the presence of EDL. There is an acceptable qualitative correspondence between the estimated transitional Reynolds numbers and some experiments, showing that early transition is plausible in microchannels under some conditions. Several questions remain however unanswered such as the surface conduction effect on EDL.     

The effect of two-dimensional shear flow on the stability of a crystal interface in the supercooled melt

A model is developed based on the time-related thermal diffusion equations to investigate the effects of two-dimensional shear flow on the stability of a crystal interface in the supercooled melt of pure substance. Similar to the three-dimensional shear flow as described in our previous paper, the two-dimensional shear flow can also be found to reduce the growth rate of perturbation amplitude. However, compared with the case of Laplace equation for steady state thermal diffusion field, due to the existence of time partial derivatives of the temperature fields in diffusion equation the absolute value of the gradients of the temperature fields increases, therefore destabilizing the interface. The circular interface is more unstable than in the case of Laplace equation without time partial derivatives. The critical stability radius of the crystal interface increases with shearing rate increasing. The stability effect of shear flow decreases remarkably with the increase of melt undercooling.