A novel method of rapidly modeling optical properties of actual photonic crystal fibres

<正>The flexible structure of photonic crystal fibre not only offers novel optical properties but also brings some difficulties in keeping the fibre structure in the fabrication process which inevitably cause the optical properties of the resulting fibre to deviate from the designed properties.Therefore,a method of evaluating the optical properties of the actual fibre is necessary for the purpose of application.Up to now,the methods employed to measure the properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre often require long fibre samples or complex expensive equipments.To our knowledge, there are few studies of modeling an actual photonic crystal fibre and evaluating its properties rapidly.In this paper,a novel method,based on the combination model of digital image processing and the finite element method,is proposed to rapidly model the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre.Two kinds of photonic crystal fibres made by Crystal Fiber A/S are modeled.It is confirmed from numerical results that the proposed method is simple,rapid and accurate for evaluating the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre without requiring complex equipment.     

A novel method for measurement of concentration using two dimensional photonic crystal structures

A novel method to measure the concentration of sugar, sodium chloride and alcohol, in their aqueous solution by using two dimensional photonic crystal structures is presented. This measurement is very accurate as the principle is based on variation of photonic band gap with respect to concentration. Photonic band gap here is computed using plane wave expansion method.     

Thermal radiation from photonic crystals: a direct calculation

A classical simulation of equilibrium thermal emissivity from dispersive, lossy photonic crystals is presented. Normal emission results consistent with those assuming Kirchoff's law are obtained; i.e., a photonic crystal does not emit more than what a blackbody does. Significant enhancement, however, can be achieved over the radiation intensity from a uniform slab, indicating the potential usefulness of photonic crystals in incandescent lighting and thermal photovoltaic applications.     

一维光子晶体材料中的光学传输特性

研究了光在一维周期性介电材料中的传播特性,指出传统的高反膜只是光子晶体的一个特例,从而从光子晶体的角度对多层膜系的设计提出了一条新的思路,同时研究了材料的介电常数以及结构与高反带带宽之间的关系。最后通过在多层膜中引入掺杂（中间一层被另一种介质所代替）,得到第一能隙中掺杂模式的频率与掺杂材料的介电常数之间的对应关系,由此提出一种精确测量介质介电常数的方法。     

A novel technique to measure the sucrose concentration in hydrogel sucrose solution using two dimensional photonic crystal structures

We propose a novel technique to measure the concentration of sucrose in PAm-hydrogel sucrose solution using two dimensional photonic crystal structures consists of air holes. PAm-hydrogel is an organic hydrogels, which is used as biomedical applications. The principle of measurement is based on the linear variation of photonic band gap with the change of dielectric constant of the solution infiltrated in air holes of photonic crystal structure. Plane wave expansion method is used to find the band gap and linear variation (R² = 0.9949) of photonic band gap with respect to sucrose concentration is observed. Besides this, an excellent linear variation (R² = 0.9949) of transmitted intensity of light with respect to sucrose concentration is also seen. Since the simulation is based on optical principle, it gives accurate results. This suggests the possible use of 2-D photonic crystal structure as a sucrose sensor. Experimental procedure for measuring the concentration of sucrose is also mentioned.     

Application of LDOS and multipole expansion technique in optimization of photonic crystal designs

We introduced a procedure of using local density of states for increasing the quality factor and Purcell factor of photonic crystal cavities. We used multipole expansion method for accurate calculation of local density of photonic states, stationary field profile, Q-factor, mode volume and Purcell factor of photonic crystal cavities. We found out that the quality factor exponentially increases with the number of additional photonic crystal layers around the cavity while the mode frequencies stay unchanged. We also demonstrated the method in studying the defect mode??s behavior in photonic crystal cavities and showed that high Q-factor, small mode volume and high Purcell factor could be obtained with optimization of geometrical parameters of first neighboring layer.     

微光栅对SiC/光子晶体结构热辐射特性的调控

本文研究了一种SiC薄膜/光子晶体结构的热辐射特性,在SiC薄膜/光子晶体的界面处具有微光栅结构。利用RCWA方法数值模拟了该结构的热辐射特性,发现在SiC薄膜/光子晶体的界面处由于不同的电磁模态激发,导致其发射率在多个频段或方向具有很高的值,从而可通过利用不同电磁模态激发的条件及其相互作用实现对热辐射的调控。     

Analysis on the efficiency of parallel FDTD method and its application in two-dimensional photonic crystal

A new kind of parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate and analyze the transmission properties of photonic crystal. The effectiveness and the accuracy of parallel FDTD method were proved by the typical two-dimensional sine wave. The result shows that parallel FDTD method, which can save time effectively in electromagnetic problems with large size and long time, performs as accurate as the series one. This method, whose results shows that the photonic band gap normalized frequency moves to the low-frequency direction with the enlargement of the section area of the square cylinder and that the band gap gets thinner, is applied to simulate and analyze the two-dimensional photonic crystal and gives calculating method and analyzing accordance to calculate and analyze large-sized photonic crystal structure.     

紫外区全角度光子晶体反射镜

根据角域叠加原理,在石英玻璃基板上用全介质膜系实现了紫外区域全角度一维光子晶体反射镜的设计。采用两个不存在全角度反射带的一维光子晶体在角域上叠加,通过传输矩阵方法,从理论上计算合成光子存在全角度禁带,禁带波长范围328．95～352．11nm,相对带宽为6．80％。实验上采用HfO2和SiO2两种薄膜材料,用电子束蒸发的方法在石英玻璃基板上制备合成光子晶体。若透射率在1％以下为光子晶体禁带,则禁带波长范围从331．2～350．4nm,相对带宽5．63％。从而证明了角域叠加设计的正确性。     

数字全息成像技术测量侧边抛磨光纤包层剩余厚度

测量侧边抛磨光纤（side polished fiber,SPF）的包层剩余厚度对其应用有重要的指导意义,现今的测量方法均有所不足,现提出一种基于数字全息技术的测量方法。利用单模光纤纤芯折射率比包层折射率高的特点,基于数字全息成像技术,通过角谱传播法对二维全息图进行相位重构,并通过精确最小二乘法解相位包裹,得到侧边抛磨光纤的相位分布图。根据重构的相位分布图,进一步运用相关的边缘提取算法处理得到侧边抛磨光纤包层剩余厚度。实验测量结果与电子扫描电镜（SEM）测量结果相比,测量相对误差小于0.5%。这种测量方法是一种直接测量方法,减小了间接测量法中由于光纤不对称以及SPF轮廓边缘衍射所带来的测量误差,为侧边抛磨光纤包层剩余厚度的无损、在线测量提供了一种新的途径。同时,此方法还可应用于测量其他特种光纤,例如光子晶体光纤、微纳光纤等。     

PCFDT: An accurate and friendly photonic crystal fiber design tool

This paper presents PCFDT, which is an accurate and friendly photonic crystal fiber design tool based on full-vectorial finite element method. Photonic crystal fibers based on circular and non-circular microstructured holes, and on different propagation mechanisms have been analyzed. Comparisons with other numerical methods and experimental results have shown excellent agreement. The design tool validation includes experimental results of hybrid photonic crystal fibers, proposed by us, which made possible for the first time light be simultaneously confined and manipulated by two propagation mechanism, total internal reflection and photonic bandgap effect.     

Phase engineering of one-dimensional defective photonic crystal and applications

It is shown in this paper that many new sensitive phase photonic crystal devices will be developed, if some existing problems can be overcome. The main problems are the rapid change of light intensity around the defect mode and the influence of the substrate. The method for overcoming these problems is to construct the defective photonic crystal in a heterostructure or an asymmetric structure. The phase properties of asymmetric one-dimensional photonic crystals with couple defects are revealed in this paper. As examples, a phase modulator and a phase switch with very high sensitivity are demonstrated. PACS 42.70.Qs; 42.79.-e; 42.60.Da; 74.62.Dh     

Optics of globular photonic crystals

Recent experimental and theoretical results on the optical properties of globular photonic crystals coauthored by the author are presented. The dispersion relation for electromagnetic waves in a 1D photonic crystal that simulates the properties of a selected direction in the globular photonic crystal is calculated. The spectral ranges that are characterized by the anomalous slowing of electromagnetic waves in the photonic crystal and correspond to the stop-band edges are determined. A method for the measurement of the transmission and reflection spectra of the broadband radiation in photonic crystals is proposed. The method enables one to find the characteristics of the stop bands. The features of the secondary emission that emerges in opals due to the UV and visible excitation are reported. The conditions for the low-threshold lasing in opals filled with rareearth elements are presented. The experimental results on the induced-globular light scattering are demonstrated. Such a scattering implies the coherent excitation of vibrational states of the globules in a globular photonic crystal. A new phenomenon (slow light scattering) which involves the excitation of slow photons (slowtons) that correspond to the stop-band edges of the photonic crystal is observed. The conditions for the measurement of the slow light scattering in opals excited using the ruby and nitrogen lasers are experimentally determined. The experimental and theoretical results open up the prospects for low-threshold nonlinear optical processes in material media.     

颜料含量对复合涂层红外发射率的作用机制研究

以聚氨酯(PU)为粘合剂,某片状金属粉为颜料,采用刮涂法制备了PU/片状金属复合涂层。对不同颜料含量条件下涂层的红外发射率进行了测试,并采用扫描电镜对涂层的微结构进行了观察。发射率测试结果表明,涂层发射率随金属粉含量增加呈“∪”型变化。微结构观察结果表明,PU/片状金属复合涂层由PU和片状金属粉交错堆叠而成,具有类似一维光子结构特征。基于涂层的微结构特征,对具有转折变化特征的4个金属粉含量点状态下涂层中一维光子结构的反射光谱进行了模拟计算,结果表明：PU/片状金属复合涂层的发射率随金属粉含量变化呈“∪”型变化关系特征主要是由涂层中一维光子结构的主反射峰中心波长随颜料含量增加所产生的蓝移现象引起的。     

Thermal emission properties of 2D and 3D silicon photonic crystals

We present measurements of the thermal emission properties of 2D and 3D silicon photonic crystals with and without substrate heated resistively as well as passively with an aluminium hotplate. The out-of-plane and in-plane emission properties were recorded and compared to numerical simulation. It turned out that for the in-plane 2D photonic crystal and out-of-plane 3D photonic crystal emission a photonic stop gap effect is visible. For the out-of-plane 2D photonic crystal emission, no photonic bandgap effect is observable but instead strong silicon oxide emission from native oxide inside the pores of silicon are observable. A model for the modified thermal emission is presented.     

基于光子晶体光纤的弱压力传感器研究

利用有限元法仿真了光子晶体光纤的双折射与横向压力之间的关系,研究弱压力条件下光子晶体光栅的特性。虽然光子晶体光纤比传统的阶跃光纤对压力更为敏感,但弱压力导致的双折射变化很小,应用测量布拉格波长的变化测量压力的变化比较困难。采用偏振相关损耗来测量外界微弱压力导致的双折射变化。仿真结果表明：利用偏振相关损耗的方法,测量灵敏度可达0.75dB/MPa。     

Investigation of patch antennas based on crossed idiosyncratic PBG structure

The method of finite difference time domain (FDTD) was used, and characteristics of the patch antenna based on drilling periodic air holes in the substrate were studied, the results indicate that the surface waves which propagate along the surface of the substrate can be suppressed by the crossed idiosyncratic PBG (photonic crystal band-gap) structure because of its effect of forbidden-band, that it can radiate most of electromagnetic waves’ energy in the substrate significantly, and that it has lower return loss (S11) compared to the conventional patch antennas, thus, a high gain is attained, its performance is improved. Due to these advantages, the use of photonic crystal patch antennas will be extended in areas such as mobile communication, satellite communication, aviation, etc.     

胶体晶体微结构光纤传输特性研究

介绍了胶体晶体微结构光纤的结构, 采用时域有限差分法研究了微结构胶体晶体光纤的传输特性. 建立了该结构的FDTD模型, 计算了其透射谱和不同波长的传输场分布. 搭建了光学系统, 测量了实验制备的胶体晶体微结构光纤的透射谱, 并将其与模拟所得透射谱进行比较, 具有良好的一致性. 胶体晶体微结构光纤的传输场分布结果表明, 胶体晶体在不同波长下改变光纤传输场分布.     

胶体晶体微结构光纤传输特性研究

介绍了胶体晶体微结构光纤的结构, 采用时域有限差分法研究了微结构胶体晶体光纤的传输特性. 建立了该结构的FDTD模型, 计算了其透射谱和不同波长的传输场分布. 搭建了光学系统, 测量了实验制备的胶体晶体微结构光纤的透射谱, 并将其与模拟所得透射谱进行比较, 具有良好的一致性. 胶体晶体微结构光纤的传输场分布结果表明, 胶体晶体在不同波长下改变光纤传输场分布.     

Focusing of light by negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab superlens on silicon-on-insulator substrate

We experimentally demonstrate the light focusing by negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab superlens at wavelengths lambda of 1.26-1.42 microm. The photonic crystal slab was fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrate with an interface structure optimized for low reflection and diffraction losses. The light focusing in the photonic crystal slab was clearly observed through the intentional out-of-plane radiation or scattering of guided light in the slab. The minimum focused spot width was limited to 1.8 microm(1.4 lambda) owing to aberrations. The focusing characteristics were in good agreement with those obtained from photonic band and finite-difference time-domain analyses.