亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与So反应机理的理论研究

白洪涛,黄旭日,于广涛,李吉来,于健康,孙家钟. 亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与SO反应机理的理论研究[J]. 化学学报, 2006, 64(2): 139-144.     

HCN消除反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法从HCN氧化和水解两个方面研究了HCN消除反应机理,并考虑了HCN的直接消除反应(途径Ⅰ和途径Ⅱ)和CuO上的HCN消除反应(途径Ⅲ和途径Ⅳ)。途径Ⅰ为HCN与2个O2分子生成CO2、NO和H原子;途径Ⅱ为HCN与1个O2分子和1个H2O分子生成 CO2和NH3;途径Ⅲ为CuO上HNCO水解为CO2和NH3;途径Ⅳ为CuO上HCN水解为CO和NH3。研究发现,途径III速控步骤的活化自由能垒为157.32 kJ/mol,比途径Ⅱ中HNCO水解降低12.34 kJ/mol;比途径Ⅳ降低了63.8 kJ/mol。可见,HNCO是HCN净化过程中的重要中间体,CuO的加入降低了反应能垒,促进了HCN消除。     

CHF_2CF_2CH_2OCHF_2与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

采用从头算和密度泛函方法研究了多通道反应CHF2CF2CH2OCHF2+OH→产物的反应机理.首先在BMK/6-311+G(d,p)水平下优化了稳定点的几何构型并计算了振动频率;然后在BMC-CCSD水平下,对势能面进行高水平能量校正.结果表明,此反应存在提氢和取代两类反应通道,但是无论从动力学还是从热力学分析,提氢反应通道才是主要的反应通道,且从-CH2-基团上提取氢原子的提氢通道是主要的反应通道.     

异硫氰酸与甲亚胺环加成反应机理的理论研究

对异硫氰酸与甲亚胺形成四元或六元环产物的环加成反应进行了理论研究,结果表明,一分子异硫氰酸与一分子甲亚胺形成四元环(1:1)产物P1的反应(1)为经过一个两性离子中间体的分步反应,其中第二步为速控步骤,其活化热垒为107.86kJ/mol.此外,反应(1)的中间体还可与另一甲亚胺或异硫氰酸分子继续反应形成两个不同的六元环(1:2或2:1)产物P2或P3;这两个反应均为协同反应,其活化势垒分别为15.88和21.82kJ/mol.这些结果与当异硫氰酸酯与亚胺发生环加成反应时,只有类似于P2和P3的两种六元环产物生成的实验事实一致。     

氧原子与羟亚甲基自由基反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算法对氧原子与羟亚甲基自由基在最低双重态势能面上的反应进行了研究,计算了势能面上各驻点的构型参数、振动频率和能量。计算采用G2(MP2)理论方法。计算结果表明,反应首先形成中间体OCH_2OH,而后经不同过渡态解离为H_2CO+OH或H+HCOOH。由中间体形成甲醛和甲酸的过渡态的能量分别比反应物低202.5和355.3kJ/mol,计算得到2个反应通道的反应热分别为-314.1和-402.9kJ/mol,与实验结果(-307和-398kJ/mol)符合很好。根据能量数据可以预言形成甲酸的通道将是主要的反应通道。     

CIO自由基与CN自由基反应的密度泛函理论研究

应用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论（DFT）对CIO与CN的双自由基反应进行了研究．结果表明,CIO自由基的O原子进攻CN自由基的C原子是主要的进攻方式,并形成了中间体1 CIOCN．随后,中间体1发生异构化和分解反应得到热力学上可行的3种产物P4（CINCO）,P1（CO＋CIN）和P3（NO＋CCl）．其中P4是主要产物,P1和P3是次要产物．与单态势能面上相比,三态势能面对整个反应的贡献可以忽略．     

硝酸溴与三重态氧原子反应机理的密度泛函研究

The theoretic study of reaction between BrONO2 and O(3P) is reported by using the molecular orbital ab initio and density function theory (DFT). Equilibrium structural parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies, total energy and zero energy of reactants, transition states, inter mediates and products during reactions are computed by B3LYP theory level with the basis set 6-311+G(d,p). The transition states and inter mediates of the reaction are verified by frequency analysis, and the relation ship of reactants, transition states, intermediates and products is affirmed by Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate(IRC) calculation. The activation energy of the reaction has also been calculated. Based on the optimized structure, the single point energy of all species is obtained by CCSD(T) with the basis set 6-311+G(d,p). The results show that there are three exothermic channels and their corresponding products are: cis-Br ONO + 3O2, trans-BrONO + 3O2 and BrOO+NO2. The activation energy of three channels is 91.58, 101.25, 51.17kJ/mol under B3LYP and 141.19, 148.39, 103.21 kJ/molunder CCSD(T) theory level. The third channel is the dominant channel.     

Br+活化甲烷C-H键反应机理的理论研究

使用量子化学从头算方法和密度泛函理论对溴正离子活化甲烷分C-H键的反应机理进行了理论研究,以探讨溴正离了成为一种活化甲烷催化剂的可能性.在B3LYP/6-311 G(3df,3p)和MP2/6-311 G(3df,3p)水平下优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的儿何构型.在G2M( )水平下计算了各物种的能量.研究结果表明:CH4与Br (3P)反应存在三条不同的吸热反应途径,与Br (1D)反应存在二条不同的放热反应通道.反应更易于通过单重态反应通道进行.理论结果不仅较好地解释了实验事实,还说明Br 有可能成为一种活化甲烷的催化剂.     

环氧乙烷均聚反应机理的理论研究

借助量子化学理论计算方法对环氧乙烷均聚反应历程进行了理论探讨．采用DFT中的B3LYP方法在6-311G^**基组下对环氧乙烷基态和激发态以及亲核试剂和亲电试剂进攻环氧乙烷反应产物进行几何构型全优化,确定了各物种的电子结构、电荷分布和键长等参数．运用前线轨道理论从微观电子结构层次上对环氧乙烷的各种均聚反应机理进行了分析,探讨了阳离子均聚和阴离子均聚机理的合理性．由于受到前线轨道对称性和能级差的限制,环氧乙烷的基态分子不能发生均聚,同样也不能发生自由基均聚;而当环氧乙烷基态分子被亲电试剂或亲核试剂进攻时,可以进一步生成新的亲电或亲核试剂从而引发环氧乙烷均聚．计算结果很好地阐明了实验事实．     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

The reaction mechanism of CH2Cl radical with OH radical to produce HCCl+H2O,HCOCl+H2 and H2CO+HCl has been studied by using quantum chemistry ab initio calculations. The optimized geometrical parameters,and vibrational frequencies of all species were obtained at the UMP2（FC）level of theory in conjunction with 6-311++G* basis set. Besides,the zero-point energies（ZPE）,relative energies and total energies of all species were calculated using Gaussian-3（G3）model. The results of theoretical study indicate that the activated intermediate CH2ClOH is first formed through a barrierless process,followed by atoms migration,radical groups rotation and bonds fission to produce HCCl+H2O,HCOCl+H2 and H2CO+HCl,respectively. And all channels are exothermic by 72.81,338.54 and 354.08 kJ/mol. The reaction heat of reactants to H2CO+HCl is 281.27 kJ/mol more than that of reactants to HCCl+H2O. This result accords with that of experiments.     

氧气和CS自由基反应势能面的密度泛函理论研究

应用量子化学从头计算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对O_2和CS自由基的反应进行了研 究。在B3LYP/6-311G~(**)水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率和零点振 动能(ZPVE)。各物种的总能量由CCSD（T）/6-311G~(**)//B3LYP/6-311G~(**)给出 ，并对总能量进行了零点能校正。计算结果表明：CS自由基中的C端沿着O_2的双键 中线方向进攻，进行加成反应，反应的第一步放出大量的热量(450 kJ/mol)，推动 反应继续进行，从稳定的中间体4(Cs)出发，反应主要通过O的相邻位置的迁移生成 P_1(CO+SO)和P_3(COS+O)；通过S的相邻位置的迁移生成了重要的反应复合物 (complex 1)，进一步离解为产物P_2(CO_2+S)。计算结果可以很好地解释反应机理 。     

CH_3自由基和O（~3P）反应机理的量子化学研究

用分子轨道从头计算MP2（full）方法和密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法 研究了CH_3自由基和三线态O原子反应的微观机理，优化得到了反应途径上的反应 物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型，通过振动分析对过渡态和中间体构型进行 了确认，在G3不平上计算了能量，同时用经典过渡态理论对该反应的绝对速率常数 进行了理论计算。研究结果表明：CH_3自由基与O（~3P）反应有四条不同的放热反 应通道，主反应通道为IM1→TS1→CH_2O + H，同时反应可彻底裂解生成CO, H_2 及H。     

CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for CH3CH2+O(3P) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single-point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major products are the CH2O＋CH3, CH3CHO+H and CH2CH2+OH in the reaction. For the products CH2O＋CH3 and CH3CHO+H, the major production channels are A1: (R)→IM1→TS3→(A) and B1: (R)→IM1→TS4→(B), respectively. The majority of the products CH2CH2+OH are formed via the direct abstraction channels C1 and C2: (R)→TS1(TS2)→(C). In addition, the results suggest that the barrier heights to form the CO reaction channels are very high, so the CO is not a major product in the reaction.     

Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of(CH_3)_3CO+CO

The global environment pollution includes pho-tochemical smog, acid rain and stratospheric ozonedepletion. The short-lived species/radicals in atmos-phere are closely related to these phenomena. Theshort-lived species/radicals bring the photochemicalsmog,…     

Reaction-path Dynamics and Theoretical Rate Constants for the Reaction of CH3CH2OCF3 with HOOO Radical

A dynamic method is employed to study the reaction mechanisms of CH3CH2OCF3 with the hydrogen trioxy(HOOO) radical. In our paper, the geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies of all the stationary points and minimum energy paths(MEPs) are calculated at the MPW1K/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, and the energetic information along MEPs is further refined by the CCSD/6-31+G(df,p) level of theory. The rate constants are evaluated with the conventional transition-state theory(TST), the canonical variational transition-state theory(CVT), the microcanonical variational transition-state theory(μVT), the CVT coupled with the small-curvature tunneling(SCT) correction(CVT/SCT), and the μVT coupled with the Eckart tunneling correction(μVT/Eckart) based on the ab initio calculations in the temperature range of 200 ~ 3000 K. The theoretical results are important in determining the atmospheric lifetime and the feasible pathways for the loss of HFEs.     

CH3S与NO基态反应的机理及动力学

在G3(MP2)水平上,通过对CH3S与NO反应势能面(PES)上关键驻点的能量计算,共找到3种中间体、7个过渡态、9种产物通道,并对其反应机理进行了讨论.结果表明此反应主要以两种方式进行一是加成反应,先生成CH3SNO,然后发生单分子解离和异构化反应;二是直接抽提反应,生成CH2S+HNO.用多通道RRKM-TST模型计算了反应随温度和压力变化的速率常数.以295 K的N2作浴气,在200.0～39996.6 Pa压力范围的速率常数为1.6×10-12～1.28×10-11 cm3·molecule-1·s-1.我们计算的速率常数与Balla等的实验值符合较好.反应的速率常数有明显的负温度效应和较强的压力依赖关系.预测常压低温下反应以生成CH3SNO为主,在常压高温1000 K以上以生成CH2S+HNO为主.     

SiH3+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction for SiH3+O(3P) was studied by ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were optimized at MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The single point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the QCISD(T) /6-311+G(d,p) level using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The results of the theoretical study indicate that the major pathway is the SiH3+O(3P)→IM1→TS3→IM2→TS8→HOSi+H2. The other minor products include the HSiOH+H, H2SiO+H and HSiO+H2. Furthermore, the products HOSi, HSiO and HSiOH(cis) can undergo dissociation into the product SiO. In addition, the calculations provide a possible interpretation for disagreement about the mechanism of the reaction SiH4+O(3P). It suggests that the products HSiOH, H2SiO and SiO observed by Withnall and Andrews are produced from the secondary reaction SiH3+O(3P) and not from the reaction SiH4+O(3P).     

(CH3)3C+NO2反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平下研究了叔丁基自由基(CH3)3C和NO2气体的反应机理.研究表明,该反应是在单、三态势能面上的多通道反应.不同反应通道的产物不同,单态下反应更容易发生.常温下对于一个敞开体系(例如在大气当中),(CH3)3C自由基和NO2作用主要生成比较稳定的化合物(CH3)3CONO和(CH3)3CNO2.这对于消除大气污染起到一定的作用.     

CH2FCF3与O(1D)反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3(MP2)B3方法,对O(1↑D)与CH2FCF3的反应进行了研究．在UB3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平上,优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,在G3(MP2)B3水平上进行了单点计算,并利用UB3LYP/6-311 G(3df,3pd)计算的波函数进行了电荷密度分析．通过内禀坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析,对反应过渡态进行了确认,并确定了反应机理．