S波段微波热致超声成像系统研究

微波热致超声成像技术通过向物体发射微波脉冲, 导致物体吸收电磁波温度迅速升高, 产生瞬时压力波, 从而激发产生超声波信号, 通过传感器对产生的超声波信号进行采集并成像, 最终还原了反映物体吸收电磁波能量特性的图像, 由于此方法兼具了微波成像的高对比性和超声成像的高分辨率特点, 理论上验证了热声成像技术对早期乳腺肿瘤检测的可行性. 本实验兼顾系统成像深度和分辨率, 采用S波段的微波脉冲信号源对物体进行辐射, 利用圆形扫描方式对待测物体进行检测, 同时为了更好的验证成像性能, 本实验同时使用了肿瘤仿体及实际生物组织进行成像实验. 通过实验分析, 验证了该系统对肿瘤仿体和生物组织检测的有效性, 以及系统的高分辨率和高对比度特性, 为早期乳房肿瘤检测提供了进一步的理论支撑.     

THz技术在农产品/食品品质检测中的应用

农产品/食品的质量和品质问题越来越受人们关注。探索实际可行的农产品/食品的无损检测与品质评估技术正在成为研究热点。太赫兹(THz)辐射是位于中红外和微波波段之间的一段电磁波,具有非常重要的科学研究和应用价值。长期以来由于缺乏可行的THz波产生方法与探测手段,该波段相关领域的研究滞缓。THz光谱传感和成像技术是THz波的两个主要应用技术。THz光谱检测技术作为一种新型检测技术能够获得传统检测无法获得的信息。近十几年来,THz波用于来研究固、液、气相等各种物质的光电特性、分子内部振动和组成信息,在生物分析、医疗诊断、安全检测、环境控制等领域,THz技术显示出广阔的应用前景。文章介绍了THz波的主要性质、THz波检测技术的特点,论述了THz技术在农产品、食品质量与品质检测中的最新进展及其应用的潜力。     

X-ray phase contrast imaging based on three-block multilevel zone plate interferometer

A new scheme of X-ray phase contrast imaging, based on the previously suggested three-block interferometer composed by multilevel Fresnel zone plates, is considered. Two significant features, namely, image optical magnification and low requirements on the spatial and temporal coherency of incident radiation are combined in this scheme.     

Imaging with the optoacoustic effect

Optoacoustic imaging is a new technique with unusual features. It allows not only optical imaging, but also imaging of thermal structures on and in the sample. With optical radiation, images are produced from sample depths exceeding the optical penetration depth by several orders of magnitude. The resolution of, at present, about 7μm reveals microscopic structures. With simple image processing techniques information can be obtained from certain sample layers, and background structure can be suppressed.     

Fractional features in radiation-induced oscillations of the magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electron systems

The magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electron systems irradiated by microwave radiation is calculated. It exhibits oscillatory features at fractional values of the ratio ω/ω_c of the circular frequency of microwave radiation to the cyclotron frequency. The calculation explains existing experimental data by nonequilibrium population of electron states that appears due to one-photon processes and predicts ω/ω_c values near which the basic features in magnetoresistance are expected. In the framework of the mechanism under consideration, the fractional features can be observed only in the crossover from strongly overlapping to separate Landau levels and only at radiation frequencies below the threshold frequencies depending on a fractional value.     

近高超声速高温蓝宝石窗口下中波红外成像退化分析仿真与性能测试实验

本文基于高温红外窗口热辐射红外成像探测器干扰机理,开展高温红外窗口成像分析、仿真与实验验证研究工作. 根据流体仿真计算获得的高温窗口温度及实验测得的窗口发射率、吸收率等参数,开展窗口热辐射计算;建立了光学窗口介质内部辐射传输路径和强度计算模型,并给出了窗口辐射出射模型以及相应红外成像模型;基于光学追迹方法,把窗口热辐射成像的计算问题转换成了光学计算问题;设计了一种基于高温蓝宝石红外窗口的加热实验,对红外成像仿真结果进行了检验. 通过仿真结果与窗口加热实验结果对照,将基于模型分析获取图像与实验结果图像作差,得到的平均每个像素误差值为0.45;实验发现在窗口约773 K条件下,设计的中波红外成像系统的信噪比、对比度分别降低到原来三分之一左右,而整个红外成像系统NETD值由原来的约52 mK上升到了954 mK. 本文提出的窗口热辐射分析方法可以有效估计窗口热辐射对中波红外成像的影响,设计的实验对成像系统的指标验证有较好的用途,同时对红外成像系统波段细化优选和成像参数调整,降低图像退化程度,都有着重要的指导意义. 关键词： 近高超声速 高温蓝宝石窗口 气动效应 仿真与实验     

电光调制在被动综合孔径成像探测中的应用

介绍了一种新型被动综合孔径成像探测方法:视场辐射信号被接收和放大后,通过电光幅度调制将其幅度和相位信息加载到光波上,经光纤传输在末端形成阵列,通过光学系统直接成像,将视场实时恢复出来.该方法可实现工作在微波、毫米波和太赫兹波段的高分辨力实时成像探测的目的.深入分析了电光调制器在综合孔径成像探测中的应用,建立电光调制模型,讨论了在小信号调制下的电光幅度调制近似理论.通过数值计算与仿真分析,得到综合孔径成像探测中电光调制器的调制信号强度限制的有关结论.结果表明,利用上变频电光调制技术和光信息处理,所得到的成像仿真图的半峰全宽和信噪比性能都优于传统的基于下变频技术的成像仿真结果.     

Microwave radiation generated by a high-power air explosion

The special features of the generation of microwave radiation by a high-power air explosion accompanied by ionizing radiation are discussed. Coherent pulse caused by asymmetry of the ejection of gamma quanta from a source, incoherent bremsstrahlung of a partially ionized plasma, incoherent radiation of the shock wave front, and radiation in spectral lines lying inside air transparency windows are considered.     

L波段三维ESR成像系统的研制(Ⅳ)--系统组成与各部分性能指标

报道了自行研制的L波段三维电子自旋共振成像（3D-ESRI）系统的整机结构及各部分性能指标. 该系统主要由L波段ESR谱仪、三维梯度磁场装置、数据处理及图像重建软件组成. 系统的微波频率为1.05 GHz;最大微波功率500 mW. 采用3-环2-缝再进入式谐振腔,无载Q值>1 000;最大测量体积为φ 20 mm, 高30 mm柱状水溶液样品. 接收系统采用100 kHz锁相放大电路,最大增益可达1×10⁶;时间常数0.02 ms～1 s;磁场调制幅度>0.5 mT. 最大梯度磁场2 mT/cm;三维梯度线性度均优于5 ％;稳定度可达10^-5;主磁场可在1.6～96 mT范围内任意点选择扫场起始点;在0.2～16 mT范围选择磁场扫描宽度. 数据系统为12位A/D实现数据采集,三路8位D/A控制梯度磁场. 采用滤波反投影法实现图像重建, 成像功能包括：二维、三维自旋浓度成像;等浓度线2D图像显示;3D立体和断层图像显示等. 对水溶液和固体模型样品进行ESR成像的结果表明：本系统可以开展较大体积生物样品的ESRI研究.     

超宽带微波检测早期乳腺肿瘤三维仿真

超宽带微波成像技术可作为有效的方法用于乳房早期乳腺肿瘤的检测. 该方法基于乳房组织和肿瘤之间较大的电学特性差异的特点进行成像, 能提供足够的分辨率以及足够的穿透深度. 本文采用时域有限差分方法建立超宽带微波信号在三维乳房组织中传播的模型, 并采用单极德拜模型完成了生物组织色散特性的模拟. 利用8发9收的天线阵列实现微波肿瘤探测, 利用共焦成像算法对乳房组织进行图像重构并进行肿瘤定位. 仿真结果显示共焦成像算法能够实现最小直径3 mm的肿瘤的检测, 同时证实了超宽带微波成像技术应用于早期乳腺肿瘤检测的有效性. 关键词： 微波成像 肿瘤检测 时域有限差分 共焦成像算法     

Seeing the Unseen: Experimental Observation of Magnetic Anapole State Inside a High-Index Dielectric Particle

The existence of non-radiating electromagnetic sources attracts much attention in photonic community and gives rise to extensive discussions of various applications in lasing, medical imaging, sensing, and nonlinear optics. In this article, the existence of magnetic anapole states (or magnetic-type non-radiating sources) characterized by a suppressed magnetic dipole radiation in a dielectric cylindrical particle is theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated. The specific features of the magnetic anapole state under ideal conditions are identified, followed by a demonstration of how their existence can be detected in practical structures. The concept is valid in various frequency bands from visible range for nanoparticles to microwave range for millimeter size objects. The experimental study is performed in microwave frequency range which allows not only to measure the far-field (scattered field) characteristics, but also to probe the peculiar field profile directly inside the dielectric particle. The experimental results agree well with the analytical ones and pave the way to detect and identify nontrivial different-type anapole states.     

三代微光像增强器信噪比测量技术研究

微光像增强器是微光成像技术中的核心部件,微光像增强器的信噪比是像增强器的重要参数之一,它可以定量表征像增强器在探测弱辐射图像时的性能,可综合反映空间因素和时间因素对探测图像特性的影响。介绍了微光像增强器信噪比的测量原理和装置,测量装置采用精确的微孔光阑、可变光阑及共轭对称透镜系统,实现直径为0.2 mm的特定光斑投射在像增强器光阴极面上。采用光子计数技术,通过研究小探测面（探测直径小于4 mm）微弱光照度标定方法,解决了针孔微弱光照度的准确标定与直径为0.2 mm信噪比光源照度准确测量。     

Influence of microwave radiation on the association processes of rhodamine 6G molecules in aqueous solutions

The influence of the microwave radiation of two frequency ranges (2.0 mm and 6.9 dm) on the absorption spectra of the cationic dye rhodamine 6G has been investigated. A reversible decrease in the quantity of the dimers of the dye molecules after exposure of its aqueous solution to microwave radiation and also the phenomenon of destruction of the associates of the dye molecules under the influence of the microwave field have been revealed. They are discussed from the standpoint of the structural characteristic features of water.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 34–37, January–February, 2005.     

磁镜装置中ECR等离子体硬X射线强度观测

本文描述用硬X射线针孔成象法测量简单磁镜装置中ECR等离子体辐射特性的方法及其结果。这种非破坏性的成象法,直接显示了热电子等离子体的空间分布,一次放电可成一帧清晰的象,且由此可得出二维的等发射强度线。大量结果表明电子环是非轴对称的,并非为一个整环,而是在微波注入口的对面有一个缺口。当微波功率改变时,环也在改变。     

夜视技术的进展

作为开拓人眼视觉的夜视技术,在夜间观察、瞄准、驾驶、导航等军事应用中发挥着巨大的作用。自本世纪60年代以来夜视技术在利用夜天自然微光的反射和利用场景中目标本身的热辐射两个方向上取得异常迅速的进展。本文将综述直视激光像增强技术、微光摄像技术与红外热成像技术的当代进展,各种技术的特点、技术途径、发展水平与前景以及未来的展望。     

基于兴趣区域掩码卷积神经网络的红外-可见光图像融合与目标识别算法研究

建立权重独立的双通道残差卷积神经网络,对可见光与红外频段下的目标图像进行特征提取,生成多尺度复合频段特征图组.基于像点间的欧式距离计算双频段特征图显著性,根据目标在不同成像频段下的特征贡献值进行自适应融合.通过热源能量池化核与视觉注意力机制,分别生成目标在双频段下的兴趣区域逻辑掩码并叠加在融合图像上,凸显目标特征并抑制...     

Plasma Masers: Status Quo and Development Prospects

Consideration is given to the research status and prospects for development of plasma relativistic microwave electronics as a basis for plasma masers. Possible applications are determined for plasma masers as high-power sources of microwave pulses. Design features of masers and their radiation characteristics are considered with a view to the type of device: self-oscillator, external signal amplifier, or noise amplifier.     

脉冲微波辐射场空间分布的热声成像研究

微波热声成像技术具有非侵入式、高对比度、高分辨率和低成本等优点而日益受到重视, 基于以上特点该技术有望发展成为早期乳腺癌常规或者辅助筛查手段. 本文基于脉冲微波热声成像系统, 利用软件仿真和对装有饱和盐水的塑料管阵列进行三维热声成像, 对脉冲微波辐射场的空间分布进行了理论和实验研究, 其中: 塑料管阵列为直径3 mm, 间隔8 mm的9×9方形结构. 仿真和实验结果表明距离天线越远脉冲能量覆盖范围越大, 能被有效成像的塑料管数目越多; 塑料管阵列的热声成像结果为3.1 mm直径, 7.7 mm间距. 本文验证了微波热声成像技术对脉冲微波辐射场空间分布的成像能力, 对解决定量热声成像技术中微波场能量分布不均匀问题的研究具有重要意义.     

DEIReconstructor： a software for diffraction enhanced imaging processing and tomography reconstruction

Diffraction enhanced imaging （DEI） has been widely applied in many fields, especially when imaging low-Z samples or when the difference in the attenuation coefficient between different regions in the sample is too small to be detected. Recent developments of this technique have presented a need for a new software package for data analysis. Here, the Diffraction Enhanced Image Reconstructor （DEIReconstructor）, developed in Matlab, is presented. DEIReconstructor has a user-friendly graphical user interface and runs under any of the 32~bit or 64- bit Microsoft Windows operating systems including XP and WinT. Many of its features are integrated to support imaging preprocessing, extract absorption, refractive and scattering information of diffraction enhanced imaging and allow for parallel-beam tomography reconstruction for DEI-CT. Furthermore, many other useful functions are also implemented in order to simplify the data analysis and the presentation of results. The compiled software package is freely available.     

基于图像信噪比的X射线同轴相衬成像系统设计

通过对具有二维高斯型相位分布特征物体的X射线同轴相衬成像技术进行理论分析,提出了一种基于图像信噪比的成像系统优化设计方法。采用数值模拟的方式分别对亚微焦点源、激光驱动微焦点源和同步辐射源三种X射线源下的成像系统进行了优化设计,结果表明:相对于最大化衬度的系统优化设计方法,信噪比优化设计方法在较小降低衬度的前提下,可以较好地改善图像信噪比并得到更为合理的成像距离。