移动通信网中的端端保密通信

移动通信网络应用范围的不断扩展和新型业务的涌现需要有更多的特殊安全协议来保障其安全性.Yi Mu和Vijay Varadharajan提出了两种分别应用于同一服务区和不同服务区的端端保密通信协议 .本文首先分析了其不足之处,然后设计了同时适用于同一归属局和不同归属局移动用户之间进行保密通信的安全协议(分别称为域内和域间保密通信协议),最后,分析了上述协议的各项性能.与原有协议相比,本文所提出的协议不仅在安全性和其他性能上有较大改进,而且更具普遍性和统一性.     

On the Impact of Quality of Protection in Wireless Local Area Networks with IP Mobility

Wireless local area networks (LANs) are vulnerable to malicious attacks due to their shared medium in unlicensed frequency spectrum, thus requiring security features for a variety of applications even at the cost of quality of service (QoS). However, there is very little work on investigating to what extent system performance is affected by security configurations with respect to mobility scenarios, heterogeneous networks, and different applications. In order to exploit the full potential of existing security solutions, we present a detailed experimental study to demonstrate the impacts of security features on performance by integrating cross-layer security protocols in a wireless LAN testbed with IP mobility. We introduce a quality of protection (QoP) model to indicate the benefits of security protocols and then measure the performance cost of security protocols in terms of authentication time, cryptographic overhead and throughput. Our measurements demonstrate that the effects of security protocols on QoS parameters span a wide range; for example, authentication time is between 0.11 and 6.28 s, which can potentially affect packet loss dramatically. We also find that for the same security protocol throughput in non-roaming scenarios can be up to two times higher than that in roaming scenarios. However, some protocols are robust against mobility with little variation in system performance; thus, it is possible to provision steady service by choosing security protocols when users’ mobility pattern is unknown. Furthermore, we provide observations on cross-layer security protocols and suggestions to the design of future security protocols for real-time services in wireless LANs.

基于跨层设计的无线网络QoS技术

随着多媒体业务的不断发展,如何保证无线网络上的QoS成为一个很重要的问题.基于传统的分层设计方法很难适应快速变化的无线通信环境.主要研究无线网络QoS的跨层设计技术,分析了无线网络的特点及其QoS需求,在此基础上阐述跨层设计的思想和方法,讨论了QoS跨层设计目前存在的问题,对QoS跨层设计技术进行了展望.     

Service Discovery in Ad Hoc Networks: Performance Evaluation and QoS Enhancement

With the increasing popularity of wireless portable devices, such as laptops, PDAs and mobile phones, it is getting more and more important for mobile users to discover their required resources (e.g. printers and fax machines) without any need of configurations. To this end, automatic service discovery is an important feature of mobile Ad Hoc networks (Manets). In this paper a service discovery protocol for Manets based on the IETF Service Location Protocol has been implemented in the NS-2 simulator. Its performance is studied under different mobility patterns, network sizes and number of service agents. A lightweight quality of service (QoS) aware service discovery protocol is also proposed to support QoS applications. Zhong Fan is currently a Principal Researcher with Toshiba Research Europe in Bristol, UK. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electronic Engineering from Tsinghua University, China and the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunication Networks from Durham University, UK. His research interests are protocol design and performance analysis of wireless networks.     

无线Mesh网络QoS保障技术综述

首先,简要回顾了无线Mesh网络的基本概况,分析了在无线Mesh网络中提供QoS保障的必要性和重要意义。然后,系统地介绍了无线Mesh网络的物理层、MAC层和路由层QoS保障技术以及跨层QoS设计技术的国内外研究现状,对其进行了细致而科学的分类。最后,给出了它们的研究难点和研究方向。     

Analysis of TCP Performance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks have attracted attention lately as a means of providing continuous network connectivity to mobile computing devices regardless of physical location. Recent research has focused primarily on the routing protocols needed in such an environment. In this paper, we investigate the effects that link breakage due to mobility has on TCP performance. Through simulation, we show that TCP throughput drops significantly when nodes move, due to TCP's inability to recognize the difference between link failure and congestion. We also analyze specific examples, such as a situation where throughput is zero for a particular connection. We introduce a new metric, expected throughput, for the comparison of throughput in multi-hop networks, and then use this metric to show how the use of explicit link failure notification (ELFN) techniques can significantly improve TCP performance.     

End-to-End Adaptive QoS Provisioning over GPRS Wireless Mobile Network

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offers performance guaranteed packet data services to mobile users over wireless frequency-division duplex links with time division multiple access, and core packet data networks. This paper presents a dynamic adaptive guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning scheme over GPRS wireless mobile links by proposing a guaranteed QoS media access control (GQ-MAC) protocol and an accompanying adaptive prioritized-handoff call admission control (AP-CAC) protocol to maintain GPRS QoS guarantees under the effect of mobile handoffs. The GQ-MAC protocol supports bounded channel access delay for delay-sensitive traffic, bounded packet loss probability for loss-sensitive traffic, and dynamic adaptive resource allocation for bursty traffic with peak bandwidth allocation adapted to the current queue length. The AP-CAC protocol provides dynamic adaptive prioritized admission by differentiating handoff requests with higher admission priorities over new calls via a dynamic multiple guard channels scheme, which dynamically adapts the capacity reserved for dealing with handoff requests based on the current traffic conditions in the neighboring radio cells. Integrated services (IntServ) QoS provisioning over the IP/ATM-based GPRS core network is realized over a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) architecture, and mobility is supported over the core network via a novel mobile label-switching tree (MLST) architecture. End-to-end QoS provisioning over the GPRS wireless mobile network is realized by mapping between the IntServ and GPRS QoS requirements, and by extending the AP-CAC protocol from the wireless medium to the core network to provide a unified end-to-end admission control with dynamic adaptive admission priorities.     

Throughput Scalability of Wireless Hybrid Networks over a Random Geometric Graph

In this paper, we consider the transport capacity of ad hoc networks with a random flat topology under the present support of an infinite capacity infrastructure network. Such a network architecture allows ad hoc nodes to communicate with each other by purely using the remaining ad hoc nodes as their relays. In addition, ad hoc nodes can also utilize the existing infrastructure fully or partially by reaching any access point (or gateway) of the infrastructure network in a single or multi-hop fashion. Using the same tools as in [9], we show that the per source node capacity of Θ(W/log(N)) can be achieved in a random network scenario with the following assumptions: (i) The number of ad hoc nodes per access point is bounded above, (ii) each wireless node, including the access points, is able to transmit at W bits/sec using a fixed transmission range, and (iii) N ad hoc nodes, excluding the access points, constitute a connected topology graph. This is a significant improvement over the capacity of random ad hoc networks with no infrastructure support which is found as in [9]. We also show that even when less stringent requirements are imposed on topology connectivity, a per source node capacity figure that is arbitrarily close to Θ(1) cannot be obtained. Nevertheless, under these weak conditions, we can further improve per node throughput significantly. We also provide a limited extension on our results when the number of ad hoc nodes per access point is not bounded.Ulaş C. Kozat was born in 1975, in Adana, Turkey. He received his B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey and his M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from The George Washington University, Washington D.C. in 1997 and 1999 respectively. He has received his Ph.D. degree in May 2004 from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Maryland, College Park. He has conducted research under the Institute for Systems Research (ISR) and Center for Hybrid and Satellite Networks (CSHCN) at the same university. He worked at HRL Laboratories and Telcordia Technologies Applied Research as a research intern. His current research interests primarily focus on wireless and hybrid networks that span multiple communication layers and networking technologies. Mathematical modelling, resource discovery and allocation, vertical integration of wireless systems and communication layers, performance analysis, architecture and protocol development are the main emphasis of his work. E-mail: kozat@isr.umd.eduLeandros Tassiulas (S′89, M′91) was born in 1965, in Katerini, Greece. He obtained the Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece in 1987, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1989 and 1991 respectively.He is Professor in the Dept. of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Thessaly, Greece and Research Professor in the Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng and the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland College Park since 2001. He has held positions as Assistant Professor at Polytechnic University New York (1991–95), Assistant and Associate Professor University of Maryland College Park (1995–2001) and Professor University of Ioannina Greece (1999–2001).His research interests are in the field of computer and communication networks with emphasis on fundamental mathematical models, architectures and protocols of wireless systems, sensor networks, high-speed internet and satellite communications.Dr. Tassiulas received a National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Initiation Award in 1992, an NSF CAREER Award in 1995 an Office of Naval Research, Young Investigator Award in 1997 and a Bodosaki Foundation award in 1999 and the INFOCOM′94 best paper award. E-mail: leandros@isr.umd.edu     

有线-无线混合IP网络多媒体传输算法研究

提出了一种端到端的在异构的有线．无线混合IP网络上多媒体传输的改进算法WMTA（wireless multimedia transmission algorithm）。通过研究Gilbert无线差错模型仿真环境中包的长度与丢包率的关系,发现包长与丢包率呈线性增长的关系。基于上述观察,算法通过交替发送大小数据包探测随机和拥塞丢包数,并根据两种丢包的程度进行速率控制。针对不同网络状态转换时算法更新慢的缺点,添加了更新因子K,使算法在网络状态转换时能迅速适应当前网络的状态。仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,WMTA无论是在运行单个流还是存在竞争流情况下,都能够达到更高的吞吐量和带宽利用率,有效地提高了网络中多媒体传输的服务质量（QoS）。     

A Hybrid Adaptive Wireless Channel Access Protocol for Multimedia Personal Communication Systems

This paper proposes a new medium access protocol (MAC) protocol for futurewireless multimedia personal communication systems, denoted hybrid andadaptive multiple access control (HAMAC) protocol. The HAMAC protocolintegrates fixed assignment TDMA protocol, reservation-based protocols, andcontention-based protocols into a single wireless network so as tosimultaneously and efficiently support various classes of traffic such asconstant-bit-rate (CBR), variable-bit-rate (VBR), and available-bit-rate (ABR)traffic. In particular, the HAMAC protocol uses a novel preservationslot technique to overcome the packet contention overhead in packetreservation multiple access (PRMA) like protocols, while keeping mostisochronous service features of TDMA protocols to serve voice and CBR trafficstreams. A preservation slot is a very short slot which is used torepresent a CBR connection when the traffic in the CBR connection is in asilent period in which there is no meaningful data to transmit. Due to thevery short length of the preservation slot, it only takes minimalportion of the bandwidth pre-allocated to the CBR connection, so that theremaining bandwidth can be freed for other connections to use. When the CBRsource becomes active again, the preservation slot is replaced bynormal data slots without any reservation operation, extra delay, orsignificant bandwidth loss. Consequently, the guaranteed service andsimplified signaling features of TDMA protocols, together with the adaptivebandwidth allocation features of PRMA-like protocols, are both realized in theHAMAC protocol. We have analyzed the performance of the HAMAC protocol usingextensive simulations. The results show that the HAMAC protocol can achievevery low loss rates for various multimedia traffic with stringent quality ofservice (QoS) requirements and outperforms state-of-the-art PRMA-likeprotocols. As a result, the HAMAC protocol appears to be a good candidate forfuture generation multimedia personal communication systems.     

QoS guarantee in telecommunication networks: technologies and solutions

The aim of this paper is to show the effect of the presence of specific management functions within a network that offers quality of service (QoS). The objective is not privileging a particular technology but to highlight the importance to know which control functions a solution may use, which performance limits the functions have and what can be a realistic user expectation. The paper focuses on the meaning of QoS and on the applications requiring quality, then describes QoS solutions including transport technologies, QoS‐oriented technologies, parameters and management functions. In more detail, the effect on QoS provision of the following issues is investigated and discussed concerning the possibility (or not) to aggregate and differentiate traffic, the implementation of call admission control and of traffic filtering to limit flows to their committed rates. Again, the conclusions should not be considered a merit mark about technology, but only an investigation about: what users and customers should expect by the technologies using specific control functions evidencing that the real limitations are not imposed by a specific technology, whose features may be changed and extended, but by the application of control functions that can guarantee requirements' matching. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

端到端服务质量(QoS)体系建设探讨

本文简要介绍了服务质量QoS相关概念.以即将到来的下一代网络(NGN)和2G/3G融合网络为例,分别从两者的内涵和体系结构出发,阐述了其中QoS框架模型和新业务体系建设.     

A Novel Routing Protocol for Supporting QoS for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks

The main purposes of this article are to lessen the influence of the fastchanging network topology, rapidly varying bandwidth information, and the increasing size of routing tables onquality of service routing. Based on DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) routing protocol formaintaining up-to-date routing information, the related research has to update routing tables when networktopology changes; moreover, the routing tables must be updated periodically even though the networktopology has not changed. To put emphasis on QoS routing, they also have to exchange routing tables by thetime of bandwidth information changes. Furthermore, the size of routing tables increases with the numberof mobile nodes; therefore, the precious wireless bandwidth is wasted on transmitting the large-scalerouting tables. In this article, we propose an on-demand-based QoS routing protocol to mitigate theseproblems and to achieve the QoS requirement. The goal of this article is to discover an optimal routewith minimum time delay for transmitting real-time data from a source node hop by hop to adestination node under some predefined constraints. Our contributions are as follows: our researchprovides a rigorous bandwidth definition and bandwidth application, a broad view of bandwidth calculationand reservation, minimizing the size of control packets and the number of control packet transmissions,and an efficient QoS routing protocol.     

Architecture and Experimental Framework for Supporting QoS in Wireless Networks Using Differentiated Services

This paper describes the design and implementation of an enhanced Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architectural framework for providing Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless networks. The Diffserv architecture has been recently proposed to complement the Integrated Services (Intserv) model for providing QoS in the wired Internet. The paper studies whether Diffserv, as defined for wired networks, is suitable for wireless networks. The proposed wireless Diffserv framework takes into consideration several factors, including signaling requirements, mobility, losses, lower wireless bandwidth and battery power constraints. It identifies the need for supporting signaling and mobility in wireless networks. The framework and mechanisms have been implemented in the wireless testbed at Washington State University. Experimental results from this testbed show the validity of the proposed Diffserv model and also provide performance analyses. The framework is also designed to be extensible so that other researchers may use our implementation as a foundation for implementing other wireless network algorithms and mechanisms.     

Adaptive Call Admission Control for QoS/Revenue Optimization in CDMA Cellular Networks

In this paper, we show how online management of both quality of service (QoS) and provider revenue can be performed in CDMA cellular networks by adaptive control of system parameters to changing traffic conditions. The key contribution is the introduction of a novel call admission control and bandwidth degradation scheme for real-time traffic as well as the development of a Markov model for the admission controller. This Markov model incorporates important features of 3G cellular networks, such as CDMA intra- and inter-cell interference, different call priorities and soft handover. From the results of the Markov model the threshold for maximal call degradation is periodically adjusted according to the currently measured traffic in the radio access network. As a consequence, QoS and revenue measures can be optimized with respect to a predefined goal. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed QoS/revenue management approach, we present quantitative results for the Markov model and a comprehensive simulation study considering a half-day window of a daily usage pattern.     

A novel QoS routing protocol for LEO and MEO satellite networks

The rapid advance of communication and satellite technology pushes broadband satellite networks to carry on multimedia traffic. However, the function of onboard routing cannot be provided in existing satellite networks with inter‐satellite links, and quality of service (QoS) of satellite networks cannot be reliably guaranteed because of great difficulties in processing of long distance‐dependent traffic. In this paper, a two‐layered low‐Earth orbit and medium‐Earth orbit satellite network (LMSN) is presented. A novel hierarchical and distributed QoS routing protocol (HDRP) is investigated, and an adaptive bandwidth‐constrained minimum‐delay path algorithm is developed to calculate routing tables efficiently using the QoS metric information composed of delays and bandwidth. The performance of LMSN and HDRP is also evaluated through simulations and theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of TCP Decoupling in Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Networks

We propose using the TCP decoupling approach to improve a TCP connection's goodput over wireless networks. The performance improvement can be analytically shown to be proportional to , where MTU is the maximum transmission unit of participating wireless links and HP_Sz is the size of a packet containing only a TCP/IP header. For example, on a WaveLAN [32] wireless network, where MTU is 1500 bytes and HP_Sz is 40 bytes, the achieved goodput improvement is about 350%. We present experimental results demonstrating that TCP decoupling outperforms TCP reno and TCP SACK. These results confirm the analysis of performance improvement.     

战术异构网络互联端到端QoS研究

战术异构通信网络的融合,需要更完善的端到端服务质量（Quality of Service,QoS）体系。在研究和分析战术异构通信网特点后,分析总结出战术异构通信网络端到端QoS研究内容,并参考下一代网络QoS框架结构,提出了基于策略的QoS架构模型。最后阐述了所涉及的关键技术,用于解决在战术异构通信网中不同业务在跨网络传输时端到端QoS保证,合理利用无线网络资源,有效提高数据传输性能等问题。     

Handoffs in Cellular Wireless Networks: The Daedalus Implementation and Experience

Network protocols in cellular wireless data networks must update routes as a mobile host moves between cells. These routing updates combined with some associated state changes are called handoffs. Most current handoff schemes in wireless networks result in data loss or large variations in packet delivery times. Unfortunately, many applications, such as real-time multimedia applications and reliable transport protocols, adapt to long term estimates of end-to-end delay and loss. Violations and rapid fluctuations of these estimates caused by handoff processing often result in degraded performance. For example, loss during handoff adversely affects TCP performance [4], and high packet loss and variable delays result in poor real-time multimedia performance. In this paper, we describe a multicast-based protocol that eliminates data loss and incurs negligible delays during a handoff. The basic technique of the algorithm is to anticipate a handoff using wireless network information in the form of received signal strengths and to multicast data destined for the mobile host to nearby base stations in advance. This routing, combined with intelligent buffering techniques at the base stations, enables very rapid routing updates and eliminates data loss without the use of explicit data forwarding. We have implemented this protocol using IP Multicast and Mobile IP-like routing. In our implementation, handoffs typically take between 8 and 15 ms to complete and result in no data loss.     

无线移动网络环境中混合式任务调度策略的研究与实现

无线移动网络具有性能不稳、易受外界干扰等特点,要求实时调度必须考虑网络变化影响.因为网络性能变化可直接导致网络延时变化,即任务耗费在网络传输上的时间发生变化,从而对任务集可调度性产生影响.传统调度算法大多未考虑网络因素.由此提出适应于网络性能不稳定环境下的混合式任务调度策略,测试结果表明该策略有利于提高混合实时任务在网络性能动态变化环境下的可调度性.