基于管状声学超透镜的近场点声源成像研究

在局域共振型声子晶体和负折射理论的相关基础上,结合声透镜发展现状和声成像的需要,提出了一种新型的管状声学超透镜结构并建立了模型;通过层多散射法分析了该透镜内声波的传输过程,然后利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟了近场点声源通过不同厚度的管状声学超透镜后的声波传输和聚焦情况,得到了透射率和反射率的关系曲线,确定了最佳成像效果时透镜的厚度;在此厚度下,观察到入射波和出射波的波形基本接近,弥散现象很弱,很好的验证了该透镜可以实现对近场点声源的高分辨率成像.     

美德3人分享2014年诺贝尔化学奖

<正>据诺贝尔奖官方网站消息,瑞典皇家科学院8日宣布,将2014年的诺贝尔奖授予美国科学家埃里克·贝齐格、威廉·莫纳和德国科学家斯特凡·黑尔,以表彰他们在超分辨率荧光显微技术领域取得的突出成就。长期以来,光学显微技术的发展道路上一直横亘着一头"拦路虎":1873年,德国显微镜学者恩斯特·阿贝给传统光学显微镜的分辨率规定了一个物理极限:光学显微技术永远不可能获得比所用光的波长的一半更高的分辨率-0.2微米,但2014年诺贝尔化学奖的这三位得主通过自己的研究证明,这只是一头"纸老     

基于非弹性电子隧穿的表面等离激元激发

表面等离激元是一种存在于金属(或掺杂半导体)-介质界面的电磁极化和振荡现象,可以显著增强纳米尺度光与物质的相互作用,在波导、生化传感、超快调制、探测以及非线性光学等领域具有重要应用前景。表面等离激元的激发主要采用受衍射极限限制的光学激发方式,通常需要棱镜、光栅等大尺寸光学元件的辅助,这极大限制了等离激元器件的小型化和片上高密度集成。通过将等离激元纳米结构和隧道结集成起来,低能量的隧穿电子可以直接激发该结构的等离激元模式,具有超小尺寸、超快调制速度等优点。本文将回顾基于电子隧穿效应的表面等离激元激发的研究历史,并着重介绍该领域的最新研究进展。     

仿植物叶子表面微纳结构的光学性能

采用双液相转写法制备具有植物叶子表面微纳结构的有机玻璃.采用透光率雾度仪检测仿叶子有机玻璃薄膜(LM-PMMA)的光学性能.研究仿叶子薄膜的透射、反射率、散光、及其对光伏效益的影响,并采用蒙特卡洛法计算光学性能及模拟光路传播.结果表明:与光滑有机玻璃相比,仿生有机玻璃具有高达85;的雾度率,并有效提高硅太阳电池的效益;仿生微纳表面结构均有效减少反射、增透及增加硅的光吸收率;另外,光在“乳突”结构中的转播过程模拟结果说明:折射、聚焦、散射是仿叶子有机玻璃散光主要原因.     

ZnS空心微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用简单的一步溶剂热法合成了ZnS空心微球.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对其形貌、结构和光学性质进行了分析,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为模型污染物研究了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:样品为纯度较高的立方闪锌矿型ZnS微球,且球体由纳米级小微粒组装而成;在降解RhB的光催化研究中,以乙醇-水为溶剂合成的ZnS微球光催化性能较优.     

Co掺杂浓度对ZnO纳米棒结构和光学性能影响研究

采用水热法以不同浓度Co掺杂合成了具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米粉体,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子光能谱分析法(XPS)、(光致发光)PL谱等分别对样品的形貌、结构、光学性能进行了测试和表征.结果 表明:随着Co掺杂浓度的增大,纤锌矿ZnO的晶体结构没有改变,且Co以二价离子Co2+的形式掺杂进入ZnO晶格;同时花状ZnO纳米棒的均匀性变差,不同浓度Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒中均出现了少量且尺寸较小的单根纳米棒.PL光谱显示:随着Co掺杂浓度增大,样品的紫外发光峰没有明显地变化,而可见发光峰的强度先减小再增大,说明样品的缺陷先降低再提高.当Co掺杂的浓度为2.0;时,所制备的ZnO花状纳米棒可见发光峰相对最低,其具有较小的缺陷.     

微／纳米锌粉两步氧化法制备ZnO的机理研究

采用在乙醇溶剂中以H2O2预氧化微/纳米锌粉,再在较高温度下热氧化的方法制备了高质量的ZnO粉末.通过X射线衍射、场发射电子显微镜、热重-差示扫描量热等方法对制备产物进行了相关表征.根据PBR金属氧化理论和相关分析结果研究了微/纳米锌粉不同的氧化生长机制,并建立了微/纳米锌粉的晶体生长模型.     

La-TiO2/ZnO异质结纳米复合材料的光催化性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法与固相混合法制备了掺La超微纳米晶TiO2负载ZnO异质结纳米复合材料La-TiO2/ZnO.采用比表面积(BET和BJH)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光吸收(UV-vis)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征催化剂的物理化学性能.La-TiO2/ZnO异质结光催化活性通过紫外光降解亚甲基蓝(MB)来评价,当nTiO2:nLa∶ nZnO=1∶0.015∶0.5时,光催化活性最佳.其主要原因是掺La超微纳米晶TiO2在ZnO表面形成多异质结,可有效抑制光生电子空穴对的复合.本文探讨了光催化活性较高的催化机理.     

6H-SiC单晶中的微管和小角度晶界

利用透射偏光显微术、同步辐射X射线形貌术、高分辨X射线衍射方法对6H-SiC(0001)晶片中的微管和小角度晶界等缺陷进行了研究.实验发现,在透射偏光显微镜下,微管通常呈现为蝴蝶形,这是由于微管周围存在着应力场,且应力分布不均匀,当线偏振光在通过微管周围区域时传播速度不同造成的.从X射线背反射同步辐射形貌像得到晶片中微管的Burgers矢量大小在2c到10c之间.从晶片00012衍射的双晶衍射摇摆曲线可以看出,晶片的中间大部分区域质量很好,双晶衍射峰为单峰且半峰宽很窄,一般为35"左右.在外围区域双晶衍射峰的半峰宽变宽,有些区域还会出现衍射峰的分裂,这说明外围区域有嵌镶块结构存在.     

ZnO∶xEu纳米棒的制备及其光谱性能研究

采用微乳液法成功合成了Eu3+掺杂ZnO纳米棒.采用SEM、XRD和Raman光谱、紫外光谱和荧光光谱对其进行了表征.结果表明,Eu3+掺杂ZnO纳米棒保持了六方ZnO结构,Eu3+代替部分Zn2+的位置,没有其它杂质峰的存在.(100)晶面衍射峰强度比率远大于标准衍射卡片,表明ZnO纳米棒沿着一维[00l]晶面方向作取向生长.随着Eu3+浓度的增加,ZnO纳米棒直径基本保持不变,但长度变短,形貌变得较杂乱,伴随颗粒产生.紫外吸收光谱逐渐红移,荧光光谱中出现Eu3+的典型特征发射峰592 nm和612 nm,且I592nm/I612nm有减小的趋势.实验结果表明Eu3+是一种重要的光谱调节元素,能有效的调节ZnO纳米棒的光学性能.     

GaN films studied by near-field scanning optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and high resolution X-ray diffraction

Spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements from GaN films were achieved using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). We have studied GaN films grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates. Spatial scans of topography, band-edge and yellow luminescence have been performed with submicron spatial resolution. Spatial variations in the photoluminescence characteristics are clearly observed at the submicron scale. Measurements by atomic force microscopy and high resolution X-ray diffraction were also performed and compared with the NSOM measurements.     

Shaped bragg gratings from circular fringe patterns for planar holographic lenses

A classical geometrical configuration for recording an interference pattern made of circular fringes is referred and a curve is singled out where the lines orientation satisfies a Bragg condition for focusing a planar collimated beam. Insight is given for making shaped masks in planar lenses technology for integrated optics. A preliminary purely holographic verification of the focusing operation is presented.     

GaAs微探尖的衬底选择刻蚀法剥离和转移

报道了一种用于制作扫描近场光学显微术(SNOM)传感头的GaAs微探尖的剥离和转移方法-GaAs衬底选择湿法刻蚀技术.利用扫描电子显微镜对转移后的微探尖进行了表征.结果表明,通过此方法能够成功地将GaAs微探尖转移到目标晶片上,并且在剥离和转移过程中微探尖没有受到损伤.这种技术对实现由带有PIN光探测器的垂直腔面发射激光器与GaAs微探尖的混合集成式SNOM传感头有着非常重要的应用价值.     

Influence of silver concentration in Agx(Sb0.33S0.67)100−x thin amorphous films on photoinduced crystallization

One of the recent applications of thin chalcogenide films is in rewritable optical data recording. This technology is based on reversible phase transition between crystalline and amorphous state. Currently, the primary materials for rewritable optical are Ge–Sb–Te and Ag–In–Sb–Te alloys, but materials research still continues due to the need for increased storage capacity and data recording rates. (Ag)–Sb–S thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation of Sb₃₃S₆₇ bulk and optically induced diffusion and dissolution of thermally evaporated Ag films. Prepared samples were characterized by electron microprobe (SEM-EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by UV–Vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopy. The phase-change recording processes in (Ag)–Sb–S films were carried out by photocrystallization experiments done by Ar⁺ ion laser. The laser exposed dots were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission optical microscopy. Micro X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) was used for the exposed dots crystallinity study. Photocrystallization kinetic curves (showing the dependence of optical transmission on laser exposure time) were also established. Crystallization mechanism of Ag_x(Sb_0.33S_0.67)_100−x samples was discussed.     

Formation of surface structures on amorphous chalcogenide films

The high spatial resolution of the localized structural transformations induced by different irradiations in amorphous chalcogenides, as well as the possibility of inducing volume expansion, promotes applications of these inorganic resists for optical recording, data storage and makes them attractive for nanolithography. This paper focuses on the fabrication of surface reliefs at submicrometer length scales in a direct, one-step process of recording by light or ion beam on Se layers or Se/As₂S₃ nanolayered films due to induced volume expansion.     

氩气对MPCVD制备纳米金刚石薄膜的影响

纳米金刚石(NCD)在精密机械、光学真空窗口等领域具有广泛的应用.利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法(MPCVD)以乙醇、氩气和氢气为气源,通过改变氩气浓度探究氩气对NCD膜光学性质的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Raman光谱、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱对不同氩气浓度沉积的薄膜的结构、成分和性质进行表征.结果表明,随着氩气浓度升高,NCD膜表面粗糙度降低,同时金刚石的纯度下降,在此作用下,NCD膜的透光性随氩气浓度先升高后降.     

Controllable synthesis of well‐aligned CuO nanotube arrays using porous alumina templates

In order to further enhance the performance of CuO in currently existing applications, well‐aligned CuO nanotube arrays with different diameters were fabricated. During the synthesis process, porous anodic alumina films were fabricated, and then the synthesis of CuO nanotube arrays was realized by using the obtained porous anodic alumina films as templates. The morphology and structure of the obtained products has been confirmed by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements. Due to the large surface area of the synthesized products, the prepared CuO nanotube arrays may have potential applications in catalyzing and gas sensing area.     

Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot microresonator for near-field optical microscopy systems

The possibility of developing a new type of interferometric near-field aperture probe for near-field optical microscopy using a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot microresonator with a nanosized orifice formed in one of its output mirrors has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that this method provides a spatial resolution of no worse than λ/30.     

A microstructural examination of Zn?Al?Cu alloys

A microstructural examination of a Zn-11 wt% Al-1 wt% Cu alloy in dependence on the applied heat treatment was carried out by means of scanning electron, transmission electron and optical microscopy as well as X-ray investigations.     

Condis Crystals of Small Molecules II. The Polymorphs of N,N'-bis(4-n-octyloxybenzal)-1,4-phenylenediamine (OOBPD)

The high temperature transitions between 300 and 500 K of N,N'-bis(4-n-octyloxybenzal)-1,4-phenylenediamine are analyzed by scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, light transmission measurement, thermomechanical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The prior assignment of mesophase structure K3/385.2/K2/388.2/K1/415.3/H'/422.2/G'/426.9/I/436.6/C/475.4/N/505.4/Melt (temperatures in K) has been extended by the suggestion that K1 to K3 are conformationally disordered crystals.