常压下玉米秸秆多元醇液化的研究及其产物分析

利用合适的溶剂液化生物质不仅可以把木质纤维资源转化成液体燃料,还可以将得到的低分子降解产物制备成所需的化学品和化工原料。选用价格低廉的多羟基醇类液化剂进行液化,研究了二甘醇(diethylene glycol, DEG)混合1,2-丙二醇(1,2-propanediol, PG)、传统的乙二醇(ethylene glycol, EG)混合PG (均6∶1 ω/ω)分别作为液化剂对玉米秸杆液化得率和所得生物油产品性能的影响。并采用气质联用技术（GC-MS）、傅里叶红外光谱技术（FTIR）、热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用技术（Py-GC/MS）和X-射线衍射技术（XRD）对玉米秸秆、生物油及液化残渣的纤维特性进行了分析。结果表明,当DEG与PG混合液化时,玉米秸秆生物油的得率为98.57%;而EG混合PG时的液化得率为96.08%。GC-MS分析表明,玉米秸秆生物油的主要组成成分为醇类和有机酸类,总含量高达97%以上,而EG混合PG液化所得的生物油中含有有机酸将近60%,这是造成生物油具有酸性和腐蚀性的主要原因,不利于液化反应的进行;利用FTIR检测生物油中一些分子量较大的低聚物的相应官能团,以弥补GC-MS检测的局限性,结果表明了液化体系中生成了很多活泼化学键,提高了反应体系的活性,并且生物油中包含了大量的C-O和C=O官能团,有力地佐证了GC-MS的检测分析结果。对两种液化残渣进行表征,Py-GC/MS结果表明,液化残渣的成分比较复杂,含有一定量非常难降解的大分子物质。这些物质可能是反应后期裂解的小分子重新聚合生成的大分子物质;可能是玉米秸秆本身存在一些不能被液化降解的成分;还有可能是降解的小分子物质与液化剂之间相互反应生成的新的高分子化合物。通过FTIR表明,在液化过程中,液化残渣中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的特征吸收峰都消失了,表明三大组分的基本结构单元都被破坏,三大组分都发生了液化,并且木质素降解程度最大。利用XRD对液化残渣进行表征,液化破坏了碳水化合物所构成的聚合物晶体结构,导致纤维素大分子被裂解,表明纤维素在液化作用下遭到降解,液化程度高。最终,该实验选取液化效果较好的DEG复配PG作为玉米秸秆液化时的溶剂,这也为玉米秸秆液化生产低成本、高品质的生物油提供了一种高效、环保的工艺流程。     

有机蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂的结构与纳米力学研究

蒙脱土(MMT)作为一种天然矿物质,在树脂胶粘剂的增强改性方面应用前景广阔。为了探明蒙脱土增强作用机理,本文采用有机蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析蒙脱土和改性树脂的化学和晶体结构;并制造木质复合材料,采用纳米压痕技术(NI)比较研究复合材料界面区域树脂的纳米力学性能,测定复合材料的宏观胶合强度。FTIR和XRD分析表明,经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵分析纯(CTAB)改性后的蒙脱土在2 929和2 855 cm-1附近出现新的吸收峰,蒙脱土原土中的金属阳离子和有机阳离子实现有效交换,其(001)面强衍射峰向小角度移动,蒙脱土原土纳米片层的间距从1.51 nm增加至2.71 nm,有助于蒙脱土均匀分散于树脂体系中,并与体系中聚合物分子基团发生化学反应。蒙脱土片层的物理填充、化学反应形成的弹性体结构使得胶粘剂在加载过程中可以有效地分散应力,从而有利于提高脲醛树脂的力学性能,有机蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂的微观弹性模量和硬度分别增加了66.9%和24.2%。改性后树脂的耐水性能得到明显改善,木质复合材料的湿胶合强度增加了约97%。     

抗降解屏障差异的杂交杨木萃取分离的FTIR光谱研究

植物细胞壁复杂的化学物理结构形成生物质抗降解屏障,严重阻碍了生物质材料的转化利用。本研究选用三种不同抗降解特性的自然变异杂交杨木,采用复合溶剂体系对原料木质素、半纤维素和纤维素进行萃取分离。利用FTIR和XRD表征样品萃取分离前后微观结构的变化。结果显示,2 910, 1 420, 1 100, 1 030以及900 cm^-1的吸收峰为纤维素的特征峰;这些特征峰在低抗降解性样品中强度变化高于抗降解性高的样品谱图;抗降解程度低的原料萃取分离效率高、纤维素固体得率高,其萃取处理后所得纤维素结晶度最高,达到84.5%,而HR-Factionation的木质素去除率和纤维素结晶度最低,仅为77.6%和81.3%。研究结果表明,在萃取分离过程中,原料抗降解性与木质素去除率成正比,与纤维素的结晶度和可消化率成反比。     

红外光谱结合PCA分析研究枫香果实多元醇液化反应进程

木质纤维原料富含羟基，可通过液化处理转化为具有较高反应活性的液态产物，实现其高值化利用。纤维原料的液化过程中存在降解和缩聚反应的竞争反应，直接影响液化产物的特性。为了研究枫香果实的液化反应过程，以聚乙二醇和丙三醇(4∶1 V/V)为液化试剂，对枫香果实进行不同时间(30, 60, 90, 120和150 min)的液化处理。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结合主成分分析(PCA)、 X射线衍射(XRD)分别对液化残渣和液化产物进行表征。结果表明枫香果实的液化率随反应时间延长逐渐提升，最高为88.79%。基于液化率和羟值确定枫香果实的最佳液化时间为120 min,此时液化率为87.91%,液化产物的羟值为280 mg KOH·g^-1。FTIR和XRD分析表明液化反应初期以木质素和半纤维素的降解反应为主；液化后期，结晶纤维素开始降解，同时伴随着缩聚反应的发生。主成分分析发现，不同液化时间得到的液化残渣的官能团分布相对独立，可以作为判断枫香果实在液化过程中各组分降解的依据。液化时间90 min为液化过程的转折点，此时主导反应逐渐由降解转为缩聚反应。此外，为了探究枫香果实液...     

自然光和土培条件下膜材红外吸收光谱变化

新型可降解包膜肥料是目前肥料研究领域中的热点。相关研究主要集中在包膜材料对包膜肥养分释放的作用机制上,而膜材施入土壤后结构是否发生变化的可用信息较少,这些信息是评价膜材是否环境友好的关键。研究分别以聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)和聚碳酸酯(PC)为主要材料配制的膜材为对象,研究它们在自然光照、土培前后红外吸收光谱的变化,来研究这3类物质在自然光照和土培条件下的降解。为期4个月培养后膜材的红外光谱显示：3种膜材在培养期间都有不同程度的结构变化,这说明3种膜材均具有降解性能,且膜材土培降解强度大于自然光照降解。PC的降解性能最强,其次是PLA和PBS。PLA和PC在黑土中的降解性能强于棕壤,而PBS则相反。     

玉米秸秆常压催化液化及产物分析

以玉米秸秆粉末为原料,浓磷酸为反应催化剂,选取多种有机溶剂为液化剂,170 ℃的条件下,在高压反应釜中制备秸秆生物质油。考察了三乙酸甘油酯复配碳酸乙烯酯、甘油复配碳酸乙烯酯以及聚乙二醇复配碳酸乙烯酯(均为6∶1ω/ω)三种不同的混合液化剂对液化得率和生物质油产品性能的影响。采用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析秸秆生物质油的化学组成;傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析原料和液化残渣的主要官能团。实验结果表明聚乙二醇与碳酸乙烯酯混合溶剂液化时,秸秆生物质油得率为97.84%,三乙酸甘油酯与碳酸乙烯酯混合液化时得率为80.20%,甘油与碳酸乙烯酯混合液化时得率为36.97%。FTIR分析结果表明,以聚乙二醇与碳酸乙烯酯混合溶剂为液化剂,秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和木素的特征官能团几乎全部消失,液化效果最好。GC-MS分析结果表明,生物质油的成分复杂,主要包括有机酸和酮类、醇和醚类、芳香类、糖类和酯类等化合物。     

热处理柚木的红外光谱和二维相关红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱(FTIR)和二维相关红外光谱(2D-IR),对蒸汽热处理前后柚木的主要化学成分结构变化进行分析研究。结果显示,热处理后,半纤维素和木质素特征峰强度有不同程度的降低,证明热处理过程中半纤维素和木质素发生热降解。而纤维素热稳定性较好。二维光谱显示,半纤维素具有较高的热敏感性。当热处理温度提高至220℃时,半纤维素降解殆尽,木质素热敏感性高于半纤维素。     

川西平原还田秸秆腐解释放DOM的光谱特征

为掌握川西平原保护性耕作模式下还田秸秆腐解过程的光谱学特性,追溯还田秸秆对川西地区生态系统结构的影响过程,采集了该地区主要种植作物油菜、水稻的秸秆样本,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)三种光谱学表征手段,阐明秸秆各腐解阶段溶解性有机质(DOM)的光谱学特征,对比不同农作物秸秆快速淋溶阶段DOM(0~0.5 d)与腐解过程(0.5~90 d)的光谱学特征差异性,解析其变化机理。结果表明： 还田秸秆腐解过程中DOM的光谱学特性差异明显,伴随着芳香性物质的溶出、降解以及新生腐殖类物质的形成;由秸秆快速淋溶阶段释放DOM的E₂/E₃值最大而SUVA₂₅₄值最小可知该阶段溶出的物质芳香性和分子量相对较小;其芳香性组分的溶出主要集中在腐解前期(≤10 d),表现于该阶段E₂/E₃值逐渐减小且SUVA₂₅₄值逐渐增大,DOM中多糖峰、芳香C和酰胺峰变弱;难分解的纤维素、半纤维素和大分子蛋白质主要在腐解后期被降解;DOM中酚类、羰基类和羧酸类物质数量增加,使得DOM与有机污染物、金属离子的相互作用增强,进而调节农田土壤中污染物的迁移转化过程。本研究为川西平原秸秆还田的环境意义提供了基础数据和新证据,为该地区农业废弃物处理与资源化提供了依据。     

乙酸和亚硫酸钠协同处理对泡桐组分及结构特性的影响

预处理是木质纤维材料高效转化为燃料乙醇的关键步骤之一。通过预处理可以实现木质素及半纤维素等屏障性组分的大量移除,增加纤维素酶对纤维素的生产性吸附,从而有效提高后续的酶水解得率。泡桐(Paulownia)年产量大、生长周期短、加工废料多,是制备生物能源和其他化学品极具潜力的原料。为实现泡桐木质生物质原料到生物乙醇的高效转化,促进泡桐原料的高效酶水解,故而对原料进行预处理以打破其原有的生物抗性,降解并脱除酶水解屏障性组分,暴露并保留更多纤维素组分。本研究以泡桐作为实验材料,使用乙酸协同亚硫酸钠对原料进行化学预处理,分析不同处理方法对原料化学组分及结构特性的影响。组分分析显示:预处理后,样品葡聚糖相对含量均有不同程度增加,其中碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理泡桐增加最为明显。数据显示,碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理具有很好的脱木素作用,同时可以降解溶出部分木聚糖组分,因此其葡聚糖相对含量显著增加至67.48%(未处理泡桐的葡聚糖相对含量为46.81%)。此外,分别采用FTIR, XRD及XPS等表征方法对所有泡桐样品的理化结构进行分析,以探究不同预处理对样品结构产生的影响。FTIR分析表明:碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理后木质素特征吸收明显减弱,纤维素特征吸收增强,表明木质素有一定脱除,纤维素相对含量有所增加。XRD分析显示:预处理后泡桐纤维表面受到破坏,木质素及半纤维素等无定型物质被部分脱除,纤维素结晶度均有不同程度增加。其中,碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理后纤维素结晶度显著增加至58.98%(未处理材的纤维素结晶度约为40.23%), 002峰位向右侧偏移,衍射峰衍射强度明显增强,峰形变高且尖锐程度增大; XPS分析表明:碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理后,样品表面碳水化合物含量增加,表面木质素含量减少。所有表征分析均显示碱性亚硫酸钠协同处理对泡桐结构破坏性最大,木质素降解脱除程度最高,纤维素保留程度最好,这有助于增加纤维素酶对纤维素的可及性,有效提高后续的纤维素酶水解效率,进而促进泡桐原料到燃料乙醇的高效转化。结构表征分析结果与化学组分规律保持一致。     

毛竹材表面光化降解的FTIR和XPS分析

竹材光变色和光化降解过程比较复杂。该文以我国资源丰富的毛竹为研究对象,利用氙光衰减仪对竹材进行表面劣化处理,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对竹材表面化学组成和结构的变化进行表征。XPS测试结果表明,竹材表面光劣化处理后其O元素含量及氧碳比(O/C)明显增加;从C原子结合形式来看,C1(C—C)含量减少,C2(C—O)含量增加,C3(CO)和C4(OCO)含量增加明显,C的氧化态显著升高。FTIR分析表明,光劣化处理使得与木质素有关的吸收峰(如1 604,1 512及1 462 cm-1)强度明显降低,木质素发生降解,同时1 735 cm-1处非共轭羰基吸收峰强度明显增强,表明有新的羰基类物质生成,竹材表面发生光氧化反应。竹材表面的多糖物质(纤维素和半纤维素)受光劣化影响较小,其表面多糖相对含量在劣化处理后明显提高。     

Structural, optical and electromagnetic properties of aluminum-clay nanocomposites

Aluminum pillared and exchanged bentonite particles were synthesized by the ion exchange method. The characteristics of the particles were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), reflectance spectrophotometer (RS) and electromagnetic transition instrument (ETI). FTIR spectra showed a successful incorporation of Al complexes into the clay interlayer. The TGA result demonstrated an improvement in thermal stability of the Al-pillared clay compared with the untreated particles. SEM and EDX results showed the presence of aluminum aggregates on the surface of clay. It was also found that Al ions affect electromagnetic properties of the clay particles.     

红外光谱和热重分析法评估三种加固剂对“小白礁Ⅰ号”考古木材微力学性能的影响

随着社会对木质文物重视程度的提高和现代考古技术的进步,饱水木质文物得到不断发掘和保护。饱水木质文物木材的细胞形态和化学结构普遍发生非均匀降解或变化,成为了不同于健康木材的“新材料”。PEG法和糖法作为国际通用的脱水加固方法可避免饱水木质文物干燥过程中收缩变形。本研究选用“小白礁Ⅰ号”沉船主要用材树种柚木（Tectona sp.）为试验对象,分别使用PEG、三氯蔗糖和海藻糖加固,并在开发的适用于脆弱木质文物的非包埋式纳米压痕样品制备方法的基础上,通过纳米压痕力学技术（NI）评估了三种饱水木质文物常用加固处理方法对考古木材微力学性能的影响;同时,结合红外光谱法（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）方法,进一步揭示了加固剂种类影响考古木材微力学性能的原因。研究结果表明：使用非包埋法制备的纳米压痕样品,可准确获取加固处理后考古木材细胞壁的纵向弹性模量和硬度;PEG法、三氯蔗糖法和海藻糖法均可显著提高考古木材木纤维细胞壁的纵向弹性模量和硬度,三种方法加固处理后的木材的弹性模量比未处理样品分别增加了6.9%,25.4%和29.1%,硬度比未处理样品分别增加了9.3%,25.9%和13.6%。红外光谱试验结果表明PEG、三氯蔗糖和海藻糖均进入了考古木材细胞腔等内部组织结构,热重分析结果证实部分加固剂进入了木材细胞壁,是细胞壁强度提高的主要原因。总之,三氯蔗糖和海藻糖较适用于饱水考古木材的脱水加固,加固效果优于PEG,其中三氯蔗糖的加固效果最佳。研究结果为饱水木质文物加固性能的准确评估提供了方法参考,为沉船等饱水木质文物的加固与保护提供了科学依据。     

Thermal behavior of chemically treated and untreated sisal fiber reinforced composites fabricated by resin transfer molding

Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal behavior of sisal fibers and sisal/polyester composites, fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM), has been followed. Chemical treatments have been found to increase the thermal stability, which has been attributed to the resultant physical and chemical changes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (FT-IR) studies were also performed to study the structural changes and morphology in the sisal fiber during the treatment. The kinetic studies of thermal degradation of untreated and treated sisal fibers have been performed using Broido method. In the composites, as the fiber content increases, the thermal stability of the matrix decreases. The treated fiber reinforced composites have been found to be thermally more stable than the untreated derivatives. The increased thermal stability and reduced moisture behavior of treated composites have been correlated with fiber/matrix adhesion.     

复合污染旱田黄土中还田秸秆动态腐解的光谱学特性

秸秆是农业生产的重要副产物,其资源化再利用一直是国内外学者关注的热点。目前,秸秆还田已成为秸秆资源化利用的主要途径之一。还田秸秆能在合适的土壤环境和土壤微生物的作用下腐烂分解,将腐殖质和矿质元素等组分释放进入土壤体系。这不仅能改变土壤固有的肥力属性,对于土壤重金属污染物的环境化学行为也将产生一定影响。实验土壤采集于西部典型黄土区,采用SEM-EDS、元素分析、FTIR和13C NMR等光谱联用技术,研究复合污染黄土中还田秸秆腐解残体的表面特性及生成胡敏酸性质差异。实验结果表明：在秸秆还田全程,秸秆腐解残体呈现出“结构致密→表面崩解→骨架破坏”的表面形貌动态变化特性,EDS检测结果揭示了腐解残体元素组成的变化行为。新生成的胡敏酸脂族性较高、芳香性较低,属于较“新鲜”和“年轻”的胡敏酸,有利于提高黄土有机质活性。秸秆腐解各阶段FTIR图谱具有很高的相似性,波峰的变化揭示了胡敏酸生成过程的复杂性。13C NMR结果说明胡敏酸芳香性逐渐降低、脂族性不断增加,证实了胡敏酸分子结构的简单化趋势。光谱联用技术对于揭示黄土区秸秆还田过程胡敏酸的性质差异是可行的。     

Fabrication of Cellulose Aerogels Using a Green/Clean Procedure

Developing biodegradable and biocompatible products to replace non-biodegradable petrochemical products is of great importance for supplementing rapidly diminishing oil resources and reducing environmental pollution. Based on this belief, the goal of this research was to introduce a green/clean procedure to prepare an aerogel using biodegradable cellulose as feedstock and renewable choline butyrate as solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the morphology, chemical structure and thermostability. The results indicated that the cellulose aerogel possessed a porous structure which was composed of randomly oriented cellulose sheets. The cellulose aerogel had an amorphous structure compared to the original cellulose (cellulose I), and displayed good thermal stability.     

The Flame Retardancy,Thermal Properties,and Degradation Mechanism of Zinc Alginate Films

The coordination structure, flame retardancy, thermal stabilities, and degradation mechanism of zinc alginate films were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests. The FTIR results showed that the structure of zinc alginate was correlated to its bidentate bridging coordination. The LOI (49.3) and UL-94 (V-0 rating) results indicated that zinc alginate was an inherent flame retardant material. The TG results showed that zinc alginate had better thermal stabilities than sodium alginate in the lower temperature zones; however, the thermal stabilities of zinc alginate were worse than those of sodium alginate at higher temperatures because of the decomposition of zinc oxalate formed in the degradation process of zinc alginate. Based on the TG results and FTIR of the residues at different temperatures, the effect of zinc ions on the degradation process of alginate was different from that of sodium ions. The zinc ions can catalyze alginate to form the residues and increase the amount of the residues, finally forming zinc oxide. Further, it could decrease the release of flammable gases and increase the flame retardancy of alginate.     

Preparation,Thermostability, and Degradation In Vitro of Polylactides Bearing Porphyrins

Polylactide (PLA) bearing hemin coupling moieties was prepared by a reaction between the two carboxylic groups of hemin and amino groups of amino-terminated PLA and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography. Blank microparticles and microparticles loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA), both of PLA bearing hemin, were prepared and characterized by solid UV-Vis spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of hemin on thermostability and degradation of microparticles of PLA were studied using TGA and a degradation experiment in vitro. These experiments showed that the introduction of porphyrin rings into PLA molecules led to the reduction of thermostability, a greater degradation of the polymer than the original polymer under the same condition in vitro, and a higher ability of the polymer binding to BSA molecules. These results should be of use in biodegradable polymer design and photodynamic therapy studies of porphyrin derivatives.     

Deposition of silver nanoparticles on carbon nanotube by chemical reduction method: Evaluation of surface,thermal and optical properties

Silver was stabilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by chemical-reduction technique using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a reducing agent. The influence of silver on the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RAS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and reflectance spectroscopy (RS). FTIR as well as RS methods evidenced the synthesis procedure using chemical reduction method was successful. Performing TGA of the samples under oxygen atmosphere demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) generated on MWCNTs surface can decrease the thermal stability of the particles by the catalytic oxidation of CNTs. In contrary, the thermal stability of the MWCNTs has improved under nitrogen atmosphere. EDX results showed the presence of Ag, Au and Co on the surface of deposited sample. The synthesised silver multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag–MWCNTs) were found to have higher UV reflection activity compared with untreated particles. The Ag–CNTs can be used in producing anti-UV composites.     

Corrosion behavior of high-level waste container materials Ti and Ti–Pd alloy under long-term gamma irradiation in Beishan groundwater

Titanium and titanium–palladium alloys are important potential materials for nuclear waste container, which will endure both intense γ-irradiation and groundwater erosion. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the corrosion behavior of the container materials. In this research, the cumulative dose effect of TA8-1 type titanium–palladium alloy(TA8-1) and TA2-type pure titanium(TA2) under γ-irradiation was studied based on the geological disposal of nuclear wastes. The irradiation experiments were performed at room temperature using60 Co gamma sources with a 5.0-k Gy·h-1 intensity for 40, 80 or 160 days, respectively. The p H value and conductivity of Beishan groundwater were investigated.The results showed that the p H value changed from alkaline(8.22) to acidic(2.46 for TA8-1 and 2.44 for TA2), while the un-irradiated solution remained alkaline(8.17 for TA8-1 and 8.20 for TA2) after 160 days. With the increase of irradiation dose, the conductivity increases rapidly and then tends to become stable, which indicates that the titanium dioxide corrosion layer formed on the surface of the sample surface effectively prevents further corrosion. Meanwhile, XRD and SEM–EDS analysis results show that the main components of corrosion products are Ti O_2 and Ti O. The titanium on the surface of the sample is oxidized, resulting in slight uneven local corrosion. The results show that TA8-1 and TA2 are suitable to be used as candidate materials for high-level waste(HLW) disposal containers due to their excellent performance under long-term and high-dose irradiation corrosion.     

Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant and Its Synergistic Effect With a Phosphapheanthrene Flame Retardant in Polypropylene/Polyethylene Vinyl Acetate Blends

A novel flame retardant (NSiB) containing nitrogen, silicon and boron was synthesized through reacting of N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy-silane (KH-792) and boric acid. The structure of NSiB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The effects of NSiB on the flame retardancy and thermal behaviors of polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends were investigated by limiting oxygen index value (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL-94) and thermal gravimetric analysis tests (TGA). The results showed that the flame retardancy and thermal stability of PP/EVA blends were improved with the addition of NSiB. When 7.5 wt% DOPO (phosphaphenanthrene) and 0.5 wt% NSiB were incorporated, the LOI value of the PP/EVA blends was 26.9%, and the class V-0 of UL-94 test was passed, as compared to the LOI value of 22.4% and class V-2 of UL-94 test for 8.0 wt% DOPO only and 16.7% and fail, respectively, for the PP/EVA blends alone. The char structure observed by SEM indicated that the surface of the char for the PP/EVA/7.5 wt% DOPO/0.5 wt% NSiB blends had a denser and continuous char structure when compared with that of the PP/EVA blends and PP/EVA/8.0 wt% DOPO blends. These results indicated that there was a good synergistic effect for NSiB and DOPO.