特殊纳米结构的化学自组装

本文介绍了近年来国际上一维纳米材料的制备方法的最近进展，如模板法、激光剥蚀法、分子束外延法、有机溶剂中溶液-液体-固体生长法等，同时还介绍了利用新的化学自组装路线制备一维核／鞘结构、无机半导体／高分子纳米电线、金属硫化物纳米空球和花生状纳米结构等工作。     

反应性嵌段共聚物自组装制备无机纳米粒子研究进展

具有"核-壳"结构的嵌段共聚物胶束具有广泛的用途.本文介绍了反应性嵌段共聚物的自组装技术应用于制备具有独特的光、电、磁等以及催化特性的无机纳米粒子,特别是介绍了近年来在制备纳米贵金属粒子的研究进展.     

偶氮类液晶基元的合成、表征及纳米胶束的自组装

首先合成由偶氮苯和十二烷基构建的具有表面活性的液晶基元,借助磺酸基和金属离子的垂直整理作用以及芳香基团π-π堆积协同作用在环己烷溶剂中构成稳定的纳米柱胶束,通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、紫外可见光谱分析等手段对化合物的结构和物理化学性质进行了表征,通过TEM观测到形态规则均匀,直径在20nm~40nm左右的纳米柱。该研究对今后对纳米材料自组装制备方面的进一步研究,以及纳米材料的进一步应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

纳米粒子的程序化自组装研究进展

纳米粒子的自组装作为自下而上构筑纳米组装结构的简便且高效的策略而受到广泛关注,但在组装结构的精准性、多样性以及可操控性等方面仍面临较大的挑战.纳米粒子的程序化自组装是指特定的纳米粒子基元按照预先编好的程序自发排列成位置和取向等空间排列方式受到精准调控的组装结构,其更强调任意构筑一系列符合预先设定结构的多种形式纳米粒子组装体.本文总结了应用于纳米粒子程序化自组装的四类常用策略,即类原子成键、区域选择性修饰、模板引导和物理场调控,着重评述了近年来该领域的一些重要进展,并对纳米粒子程序化自组装的未来发展做了展望.     

聚苯胺纳米粒子的反胶束法合成及自组装

聚苯胺纳米粒子的反胶束法合成及自组装;聚苯胺;纳米粒子;反胶束;自组装     

经两亲嵌段共聚物自组装制备纳米胶束

本文介绍两亲嵌段共聚物的合成,综述了经两亲嵌段共聚物自组装制备纳米胶束的研究进展,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

纳米材料的自组装研究进展

本文主要评述了近年来纳米材料自组装的研究进展，即对以纳米材料(包括零维的纳米粒子和一维的纳米管/线)为单元而开展的自组装方面的工作进行了介绍。将纳米材料自组装为各种尺度的有序结构会产生更优异的整体的协同性质，这对于以纳米材料为基础而构筑的微纳米器件有着重要的意义。由于目前纳米材料的研究主要集中在零维和一维体系，因此，本文分别就此两种体系的自组装行为进行了评述。具体内容包括：单分子层薄膜修饰的无机纳米粒子的自组装、大分子修饰的无机纳米粒子的自组装、未被修饰的无机纳米粒子的自组装；表面张力及毛细管力诱导的一维纳米材料的自组装、模板诱导的一维纳米材料的自组装、静电力诱导的一维纳米材料的自组装。     

纳米粒子组装体系的研究进展

制备纳米粒子组装体系是构筑纳米结构的重要方法之一，本文综述了纳米粒子组装体系的制备方法及其性质和应用研究。     

金纳米棒自组装的研究进展

金纳米棒具有独特的光电性能,其自组装形成的功能组装体能够展现出更加优异的整体协同性能,在纳米材料科学和生物医学领域中有广泛而重要的应用前景.本文从诱导自组装各种驱动作用力的角度,综述了金纳米棒自组装的最新研究进展,具体内容包括:表面张力引发的自组装、化学作用驱动如静电作用或氢键作用等引发的自组装以及生物分子识别作用引发的自组装.     

Stimuli-Responsive DNA Self-Assembly: From Principles to Applications

Stimuli-responsive DNA self-assembly shares the advantages of both designed stimuli-responsiveness and the molecular programmability of DNA structures, offering great opportunities for basic and applied research in dynamic DNA nanotechnology. In this minireview, we summarize the most recent progress in this rapidly developing field. The trigger mechanisms of the responsive DNA systems are first divided into six categories, which are then explained with illustrative examples following this classification. Subsequently, proof-of-concept applications in terms of biosensing, in vivo pH-mapping, drug delivery, and therapy are discussed. Finally, we provide some remarks on the challenges and opportunities of this highly promising research direction in DNA nanotechnology.     

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Mixed-Graft Block Copolymers

Mixed-graft block copolymers (mGBCPs) consist of two or more types of polymeric side chains grafted on a linear backbone in a random, alternating, or pseudo-alternating sequence. They can phase-separate with the backbone serving as the interface of the blocks, and the side chains dominate their self-assembly behavior. mGBCPs are an accessible polymer architecture for exploring the idea of encoding polymer properties through the macromolecular architecture, as there are two distinct structural components that can be tuned: the backbone and the side chains. In this Concept article, the current literature on the synthesis of mGBCPs is reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each synthetic method are noted. The self-assembly of mGBCPs is also discussed where possible. Finally, directions for future research on mGBCP synthesis and self-assembly are suggested.     

Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Quantum Dots using Organic Templates

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, known as quantum dots (QDs), are regarded as brightly photoluminescent nanomaterials possessing outstanding photophysical properties, such as high photodurability and tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. Therefore, QDs have great potential for a wide range of applications, such as in photoluminescent materials, biosensors and photovoltaic devices. Since the development of synthetic methods for accessing high-quality QDs with uniform morphology and size, various types of QDs have been designed and synthesized, and their photophysical properties dispersed in solutions and at the single QD level have been reported in detail. In contrast to dispersed QDs, the photophysical properties of assembled QDs have not been revealed, although the structures of the self-assemblies are closely related to the device performance of the solid-state QDs. Therefore, creating and controlling the self-assembly of QDs into well-defined nanostructures is crucial but remains challenging. In this Minireview, we discuss the notable examples of assembled QDs such as dimers, trimers and extended QD assemblies achieved using organic templates. This Minireview should facilitate future advancements in materials science related to the assembled QDs.     

DNA Nanoribbon-Templated Self-Assembly of Ultrasmall Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters with Enhanced Luminescence

Fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) have been widely used in chemical sensors, biological imaging, and light-emitting devices. However, individual fluorescent CuNCs have limitations in their capabilities arising from poor photostability and weak emission intensities. As one kind of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), the formation of aggregates with high compactness and good order can efficiently improve the emission intensity, stability, and tunability of CuNCs. Here, DNA nanoribbons, containing multiple specific binding sites, serve as a template for in situ synthesis and assembly of ultrasmall CuNCs (0.6 nm). These CuNC self-assemblies exhibit enhanced luminescence and excellent fluorescence stability because of tight and ordered arrangement through DNA nanoribbons templating. Furthermore, the stable and bright CuNC assemblies are demonstrated in the high-sensitivity detection and intracellular fluorescence imaging of biothiols.     

Metal Vector Manipulated Molecular Self-Assembly from Werner System to Cotton System

A definition of metal vector was given to coordinatively unsaturated metals or asymmetrically coordinated metal complexes in which the metal center is partly blocked by inert chelating ligand(s), thus possess specific reactivity and directionality, such as cis-coordinated square Pd(Ⅱ) or Pt(Ⅱ) complexes. Metal vectors have been extensively used in coordination catalysis and molecular assembly. In 1990, Fujita [ 1 ] first demonstrated the utility of cis-coordinated square Pd(Ⅱ)or Pt(Ⅱ) complexes as a right angular 2D metal vector in the formation of molecular square, a cyclic tetramer with nano-cavity and unique molecular recognition. So far, much attention has been paid to the use of the mononuclear coordination centers (Werner-type metal vectors) in molecular assembly.As late as 1999, Cotton et al. [2] reported the use of cis-coordinated metal-metal bonded dimetal units (Cotton-type metal vectors) to direct assembly of molecular squares.This presentation includes two parts: 1) Werner-type metal vector directed molecular assembly; [3]2) Cotton-type metal vector directed molecular assembly.[4]Firstly, the Werner-type metal vector, cis-coordinated Pd(Ⅱ) nitrate, was used to direct a 6-component self-assembly. This leads to the formation of a molecular bowl or crown with syn,syn,syn conformation. These structures are analogues of calix[3]arenes and can function as anion receptors. Interestingly, an nitrate is found to distort from a trigonal plane into a trigonal pyramid when binding to the bottom of the molecular bowl.Secondly, the Cotton-type metal vector, cis-diRh(Ⅱ, Ⅱ), was used to assemble di- or poly-carboxylate anions into neutral supermolecules. Most interestingly, a calixarene-based carceplex with four cis-diRh(Ⅱ, Ⅱ) fastners was obtained[5].All self-assembling entities were studied by both X-ray crystallographic analysis and solution NMR spectra, which are consistent with the presence of assembling structures even in solution.     

Comparing the Self-Assembly of Sexiphenyl-Dicarbonitrile on Graphite and Graphene on Cu(111)

A comparative study on the self-assembly of sexiphenyl-dicarbonitrile on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and single-layer graphene on Cu(111) is presented. Despite an overall low molecule–substrate interaction, the close-packed structures exhibit a peculiar shift repeating every four to five molecules. This shift has hitherto not been reported for similar systems and is hence a unique feature induced by the graphitic substrates.     

Solvent-Free Self-Assembly for Scalable Preparation of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous Metal Oxides

Mesoporous metal oxides (MMOs) have been demonstrated great potential in various applications. Up to now, the direct synthesis of MMOs is still limited to the solvent induced inorganic-organic self-assembly process. Here, we develop a facile, general, and high throughput solvent-free self-assembly strategy to synthesize a series of MMOs including single-component MMOs and multi-component MMOs (e.g., doped MMOs, composite MMOs, and polymetallic oxide) with high crystallinity and remarkable porous properties by grinding and heating raw materials. Compared with the traditional solution self-assembly process, the avoidance of solvents in this method not only greatly increases the yield of target products and synthesis efficiency, but also reduces the environmental pollution and the consumption of cost and energy. We believe the presented approach will pave a new avenue for scalable production of advanced mesoporous materials for various applications.     

Monodisperse Cylindrical Micelles of Controlled Length with a Liquid‐Crystalline Perfluorinated Core by 1D “Self‐Seeding”

Precise control over the morphology and dimensions of block copolymer (BCP) micelles has attracted interest due to the potential of this approach to generate functional nanostructures. Incorporation of liquid crystalline (LC) block can provide additional ways to vary micellar morphologies, but the formation of uniform micelles with controllable dimensions from LC BCPs has not yet been realized. Herein, we report the preparation of monodisperse cylindrical micelles with a LC poly(2‐(perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (PFMA) core via a fragmentation‐thermal annealing (F‐TA) process, resembling the “self‐seeding” process of crystalline BCP micelles. The average length of the cylinders increases with annealing temperature, with a narrow length distribution (L_w/L_n<1.1). We also demonstrate the potential application of the cylinders with LC cores as a cargo‐carrier by the successful incorporation of a hydrophobic fluorescent dye tagged with a fluorooctyl group.