“四靶串接”类氖锗软X光激光趋向饱和增益的理论研究

介绍了“四靶串接”设计思想,继对接方式之后,又提出了顺接方式来提高X光激光增益,使四靶总长度达到5.6cm。我们研制了程序系列来模拟这一实验,直接给出测点处的X光激光的强度。先用上轮“双靶对接”实验结果检验我们的程序系列,使得23.2nm激光线的结果与实验数据相符合,再用它模拟“四靶串接”实验。在实验之前,对各靶之间距离和角度,以及这些数据对实验结果的敏感程度作了预估,用以指导实验。实验结果证明理论模拟是正确的。23.2nm和23.6nm两条激光线已明显趋于饱和,其小讯号增益长度积GL分别达到18.3和17.6,有效GL分别达到16.4和15.7。X光激光的发散角已减小到3～4mrad,超过美国利弗莫尔实验室(LLNL)已发表的最好结果。     

新型负耦合结构在基片集成波导滤波器中的应用

针对高性能交叉耦合基片集成波导带通滤波器的应用,提出一种新型负耦合结构,该耦合结构由两个短路耦合线设计实现,并详细分析了其特性,能够实现较弱或较强的负耦合。总结了基于特征多项式的耦合矩阵综合优化方法,并通过两个滤波器的设计进行说明。基于综合得到的两个耦合矩阵,设计了两个中心频率为10 GHz的四阶交叉耦合基片集成波导带通滤波器,第一个滤波器的归一化相对带宽为3%,负耦合结构提供交叉耦合,用于说明该耦合结构提供相对较弱的耦合强度;第二个滤波器的相对带宽为8%,负耦合结构提供主耦合,用于说明该耦合结构提供较强的负耦合强度。为了验证滤波器的实际性能,对这两款滤波器进行了加工和测试。测试和仿真结果一致性较好,表明了该负耦合结构用于高性能交叉耦合基片集成波导滤波器设计的可行性。最后讨论了弱色散交叉耦合对传输零点位置的影响。     

Parameter estimation using balanced synchronization

Synchronization between experimental observations and a dynamical model with undetermined parameters can assist in completing the specification of the model parameters. The quality of the synchronization, a cost function to be minimized, typically depends on the difference between the data time series and the model time series. If the coupling between the data and the model is too strong, this cost function is small for any data and any model, and the variation of the cost function with respect to the parameters of interest is too small to permit selection of a value of the parameters. If the coupling is too small, synchronization is lost. We introduce two methods for balancing the competing desires of a small cost function and the numerical ability to determine parameters accurately. One method of ‘balanced’ synchronization adds a requirement that the conditional Lyapunov exponent of the model system, conditioned on being driven by the data, remain negative but small. The other method allows the coupling to vary in time according to the error in synchronization. This second method succeeds because the data and the model exhibit generalized synchronization in the region where the parameters of the model are well determined.     

(1+2)维空间光孤子在非局域克尔介质中的传输特性

从非局域非线性薛定谔方程出发,采用分步傅里叶算法数值讨论了在一定的非局域程度条件下,（1+2）维空间光孤子的传输特性, 数值求解了光孤子各特性参量。假定非局域克尔介质的响应函数为高斯型,得出了在一定的非局域程度条件下空间光孤子的数值解,并数值证明了它们的稳定性。结果表明:（1+2）维光孤子对非局域程度依赖性很强。在一定的非局域程度下,光束能以光孤子态在非局域克尔介质中稳定传输。强非局域时,光孤子的波形是高斯型,其它的非局域程度下,不是高斯型。当非局域程度较弱时,不存在孤子解。     

(1+2)维空间光孤子在非局域克尔介质中的传输特性

 从非局域非线性薛定谔方程出发,采用分步傅里叶算法数值讨论了在一定的非局域程度条件下,（1+2）维空间光孤子的传输特性, 数值求解了光孤子各特性参量。假定非局域克尔介质的响应函数为高斯型,得出了在一定的非局域程度条件下空间光孤子的数值解,并数值证明了它们的稳定性。结果表明:（1+2）维光孤子对非局域程度依赖性很强。在一定的非局域程度下,光束能以光孤子态在非局域克尔介质中稳定传输。强非局域时,光孤子的波形是高斯型,其它的非局域程度下,不是高斯型。当非局域程度较弱时,不存在孤子解。     

Mode interactions of a single field laser

Interactions of single mode, counterpropagating laser fields in a gaseous, high gain, inhomogeneously broadened medium were investigated as a function of frequency. Large deviations (50%) from empty resonator frequencies indicate very strong coupling between the single operating TEM_00q mode and the dispersive medium. Magnitude of the frequency shift was determined with heterodyne detection by comparing the laser field to a reference laser stabilized at the transition line center. Comparison of experimental results and theoretical models provide a set of resonant dispersion parameters which define the medium in the presence of the optical field.     

拟合参量计算跃迁概率

根据光谱线相对强度和跃迁特性参数值,通过线性拟合一次函数,得到两个拟合参量.借助于这些参量,计算得到特殊激发态或高激发态谱线的跃迁概率.目前在对NⅡ光谱分析的基础上,得到了一条对耦合激发组态谱线的跃迁概率.为求取一些在理论计算中很难处理的特殊组态或高激发态谱线的跃迁概率,提供了一种最新的、简单可行的半经典计算方法. 关键词： 拟合 跃迁概率 对耦合     

A one-dimension coupled hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials

This paper addresses the development of a one-dimension model for quantifying magnetic-elastic-thermal coupling and hysteresis inherent to giant magnetostrictive materials. Firstly, the anhysteretic law is modeled by considering the Gibbs free energy function G(σ, M, T), and thermodynamic relations are used to obtain the constitutive expressions. These expressions character the effects of coupling between stress, magnetization, and temperature in the giant magnetostrictive material but hysteresis, i.e. strain and magnetic intensity described by above the constitutive expressions are single-valued function of the magnetization. And then pinning is incorporated to describe hysteresis based on Jiles–Atherton model. The model considered in the paper is demonstrated valid by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. Moreover, the model proposed in the paper is convenient to be used in engineering applications since the parameters referred to the model have definite physical mean and can all be easily determined by experiments.     

卡塞格林望远镜耦合系统锥形导管的仿真与误差分析

为了提高卡塞格林望远镜像斑耦合多模光纤的效率,采用一种在光纤前端放置锥形导管的方法,利用光线在锥形导管中经过多次内全反射耦合进多模光纤中,通过几何光学理论及数值方法分析卡塞格林零视场光束像点的最大耦合角,确定锥形导管初始结构参数。将此参数作为Zemax仿真的初始条件,进行优化仿真计算和误差分析。结果表明:加工误差控制在0.03 mm之内,采用锥形导管后可以使像斑整体耦合效率较直接耦合提高4倍以上。     

A generalization of image theory to predict the interaction of multipole fields with plane surfaces

A derivation and computational scheme, based on exact image theory, for the field produced by the interaction of an outgoing vector wave harmonic with an infinite-extent plane surface is presented. The method represents the angular-dependent Fresnel reflection coefficients of the surface as Laplace transforms of a spatially dependent function, which results in the reflected field appearing as a superposition of image sources located at complex points along the normal axis within the surface medium. Exact, analytical formulas are given for the transformed reflection coefficients for arbitrary surface refractive index, and an efficient computation scheme for evaluation of the scattered field coupling between a particle and the surface is presented.     

On Analytical Treatment of SU(3) Lattice Gauge Theory

The order parameters of SU(3) lattice gauge theory Ep at zero temperature and (L) at finitetemperature are calculated by the variational cumulant expansion method. The SU(3) singlelinkgroup integrals are treated as double definite integrals. Two plaquettes with oppositeorientations are combined into a single one to simplify the count of equivalent connectedgraphs. Three different approaches to choose variational parameters are compared. Theagreement with the Monte-Carlo simulations is good in the strong and weak coupling regions.The necessity of higher order expansions in the intermediate coupling region is discussed.     

Dynamics of Entropy and Nonclassicality Features of the Interaction between a ◊-type Four-Level Atom and a Single-Mode Field in the Presence of Intensity-Dependent Coupling and Kerr Nonlinearity

The interaction between a ◊-type four-level atom and a single-mode field in the presence of Kerr medium with intensity-dependent coupling involving multi-photon processes has been studied. Using the generalized (nonlinear) Jaynes-Cummings model, the exact analytical solution of the wave function for the considered system under particular condition, has been obtained when the atom is initially excited to the topmost level and the field is in a coherent state. Some physical properties of the atom-field entangled state such as linear entropy showing the entanglement degree, Mandel parameter, mean photon number and normal squeezing of the resultant state have been calculated. The effects of Kerr medium, detuning and the intensity-dependent coupling on the temporal behavior of the latter mentioned nonclassical properties have been investigated. It is shown that by appropriately choosing the evolved parameters in the interaction process, each of the above nonclassicality features, which are of special interest in quantum optics as well as quantum information processing, can be revealed.     

Renormalization in indefinite metric theories

We consider the Lee model,V ? N+θ, and a two neutral scalar meson model with indefinite metrics. It is shown that in general the coupling will cause positive definite bare states to become negative length dressed states through renormalization effects. This can render the theory unphysical depending upon the auxiliary conditions imposed with the indefinite metric.     

The Image Property in an EIT Information Transfer System

We focus on the study of the transferred image property in an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)system.In our experiment,a triple-peak image is effectively transferred from a coupling beam to a signal beam based on the EIT effect.It is found that the transferred image intensity profile of the signal beam is the same as that of the coupling beam while not in phase.Furthermore,the propagation property of the transferred image is studied.Due to the narrowing effect,the transferred image keeps narrowing and maintains the shape well within a certain distance outside of the medium.Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

飞轮微振动与整星耦合特性参数补偿算法研究

为了提高飞轮与整星耦合特性影响成像像移理论预估的精度,提出了一种星上飞轮安装刚度和阻尼参数的数值补偿算法.首先,建立补偿算法数学模型,基于飞轮径向摇摆模态以及线性整星微振动传递函数模型,通过联合飞轮在专用测量平台上的扰振实测数据以及星上安装后所致成像像移实测数据构建优化函数,实现对星上飞轮安装刚度以及阻尼参数的补偿.其次,采用该算法对某型号卫星上的飞轮安装刚度以及阻尼进行了补偿和估计,最后对参数补偿前后的飞轮扰振所致像移分别进行理论预估与对比.对比结果表明:参数补偿后的预估像移数据较补偿前预估像移数据更接近实测像移数据且径向摇摆模态固有频率曲线更加明显,证明此参数补偿算法可行.本研究显著降低了整星微振动分析过程中飞轮在星上安装刚度与测试平台安装刚度不一致所带来的分析误差,为飞轮与整星耦合特性安装等效参数求解提供了一种思路.     

A hypothetical model of confinement in a dia-electric medium

The assumption of a perfect color dia-electric vacuum in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) led to a reasonable explanation of quark confinement. Along the same lines, a hypothetical dia-electric medium in electromagnetism is shown to lead to charge confinement; although such a medium does not exist, the analysis of this hypothetical problem illuminates in a very simple and straightforward way how this dia property (negative susceptibility) of a medium leads to confinement. It is shown that adding a dipole (particle-antiparticle) charge distribution to such a dia-electric medium would lead the creation of a cavity surrounding the charges; by a simple analysis, using the image problem along with a series expansion in Legendre polynomials, it is shown that the polarization charge distribution on the cavity's surface would lead to an increase in the dipole energy by a finite amount; on the other hand, the increase in the electric energy of a single charge inserted in such a medium would be infinite. It is thus concluded that in such a dia-electric medium, separating the charges of a dipole would require an infinite amount of energy, and thus illustrating in a simple way the confinement concept.     

Electrodynamics of Magnetoelectric Media and Magnetoelectric Fields

The relationship between magnetoelectricity and electromagnetism is a subject of a strong interest and numerous discussions in microwave and optical wave physics and material sciences. The definition of the energy and momentum of the electromagnetic (EM) field in a magnetoelectric (ME) medium is not a trivial problem. The question of whether electromagnetism and magnetoelectricity can coexist without an extension of Maxwell's theory arises when the effects of EM energy propagation are studied and the group velocity of the waves in an ME medium is considered. The energy balance equation reveals unusual topological structure of fields in ME materials. Together with certain constraints on the constitutive parameters of a medium, definite constraints on the local field structure should be imposed. Analyzing the EM phenomena inside an ME material, the question “what kind of the near fields arising from a sample of such a material can be measured?” should be answered. The visualization of the ME states requires an experimental technique that is based on an effective coupling to the violation of spatial as well as temporal inversion symmetry. To observe the ME energy in a subwavelength region, it is necessary to assume the existence of first-principle near fields—the ME fields. These are non-Maxwellian near fields with specific properties of violation of spatial and temporal inversion symmetry. A particular interest to the ME fields arises in studies of metamaterials with “artificial-atoms” ME elements.     

高频电磁干扰对传输线耦合全波建模方法

对于场线耦合问题,经典传输线理论不适用于求解高频电磁干扰辐照下传输线负载上的电压和电流响应。针对这一问题,首先介绍了一种基于天线理论和模拟行为建模（ABM）的时域全波建模方法。该方法利用Harrington矩量法将电流积分方程离散并推导得到宏模型时域表达式,然后利用ABM频域功能实现频变参数的傅里叶逆变换和时域卷积计算。利用电路求解器,该建模方法可直接求解任意结构传输线耦合的负载处瞬态响应;与传统全波算法相比,模型一旦建立便可应用于任意入射场和线性/非线性负载的情况,无需重复耗时地求解电流积分方程。该方法可简化全波算法求解过程,提高仿真计算效率,尤其便于在入射场和负载存在不确定参数时进行高效重复抽样计算以获得统计特性。然后以高频电磁干扰耦合有损大地上的双导体传输线为例,通过与数值电磁代码和传统传输线理论方法的求解结果对比,验证了所提宏模型的有效性以及传输线理论在解决场线耦合问题时的局限性。结果表明,基于全波方法构建的宏模型可在时域内高效准确地求解高频电磁干扰辐照下任意形状传输线负载上的瞬态响应。     

基于直线的射影不变性和极线约束标定摄像机参数

提出一种用图像对标定摄像机参数的新方法。传统自标定方法需要先由图像特征计算基础矩阵,该方法则是从图像中提取一组未知长度和长度比的平行直线,以图像中心坐标为主点初值,利用直线的射影不变性先求得摄像机焦距、旋转矩阵和平移向量的初值;再由图像对固有的极线约束来优化摄像机的参数,从而得到高精度的主点、焦距、旋转矩阵和平移向量。使用该方法对图像目标进行三维重建,仿真实验表明：该方法对场景要求较少,原理简单,方法易行,标定摄像机参数精度较高。     

组合利用统计和结构信息的道路提取算法

提出了一种组合利用统计和结构信息从遥感图像中提取道路的算法,这个算法包括三个处理步骤,利用道路的多种局部统计特性获得道路基元与道路段,以及利用能量函数提取道路边沿,在检测道路基元时,用统计分析来表达道路的结构信息,避免了提取线段来表达,增强了抗噪性与稳健性;在检测和拟合道路边沿时,能量函数中的参数由前面的运算结果确定,使算法具有自适应能力。