水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展

电解液添加剂能有效缓解锌金属阳极的不可控枝晶生长和固有副反应,大幅提升锌金属阳极的循环稳定性和可逆性,对水系锌离子电池的发展和商业化应用具有重要意义。本文通过对近期水系锌离子电池电解液添加剂的研究进展进行了系统总结和分析,简要介绍了锌金属阳极目前面临的主要挑战及其相关机理,重点阐述了电解液添加剂对锌金属阳极界面的作用机制,包括改变溶剂化结构、调节沉积方式、构筑界面保护层。此外,还对不同类型电解液添加剂进行了分类讨论,包括离子添加剂、无机添加剂和有机添加剂。最后,我们进一步对电解液添加剂策略在提升水系锌离子电池电化学性能中存在的科学问题和未来的研究方向进行了总结与展望。     

萘油制备新型水煤浆添加剂的研究

研究了如何利用萘油中的有效成分合成出性能良好的水煤浆添加剂。通过合理的正交试验设计和多元线性回归分析方法得到了合成萘油添加剂的较佳工艺条件,即在75 g的萘油中,加入浓H2SO4 30 mL,在160 ℃时磺化2 h;加入HCHO 25 mL,在105 ℃时缩合1.5 h。利用实验合成的萘油添加剂与纯萘磺酸甲醛缩合物作添加剂分别对庞庄煤进行制浆实验。结果表明,萘油添加剂性能良好,可显著降低萘油添加剂的成本。应用傅立叶变换红外光谱对萘油添加剂的结构进行了分析,测出萘油添加剂主要为含有－CH2－,－SO3－等基团的芳香族化合物。对萘油添加剂改善水煤浆性能的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

锂离子电池电解液功能性添加剂设计及应用

为提高锂离子电池的电化学性能,开发适合不同电解液的功能性添加剂是重要手段之一。功能性添加剂可以在不增加电池成本的情况下,显著改变电池的电化学性能,如改善循环性能,提高可逆容量和电解液电导率。本文分别从溶剂和添加剂两方面进行系统分析,介绍了锂离子电池电解液功能性添加剂的现状与进展,并提出面临的问题。本文以功能性添加剂的不同官能团为出发点,分析其作用机理,并分类探讨了阻燃添加剂、高电压添加剂等的优缺点、应用和前景。最后对锂离子电池电解液的溶剂及其添加剂的发展进行了展望。     

75项食品安全国家标准6月1日起实施

<正>国家卫生计生委发布了75项新食品安全国家标准。这些标准将于今年6月1日起正式实施,这对于提升出口食品生产企业的管理水平,提高我国出口食品安全水平具有积极意义。本次公布的GB 29924–2013《食品添加剂标识通则》对食品添加剂的标签、说明书和包装等内容进行了规范。通过参考相关国际标准,并结合我国食品添加剂的实际生产、经营和使用情况,新标准规范了食品添加剂标签标识的术语、定义、基本内容和有关要求,进一步细化了对食品添加剂标     

硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的研究现状和进展

综述了国内外硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的研究现状,介绍了针对其合成和作用机制研究的进展,并对其前景进行了展望.指出硼酸盐已成为近年来绿色润滑油添加剂研究领域的热点之一,有机硼酸盐润滑油添加剂克服了无机硼酸盐分散稳定性差的弱点,代表了综合性能优良的硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的发展方向.     

热重法研究煤燃烧添加剂的催化助燃效果及作用机理

用热重法研究了一种煤燃烧添加剂对南票煤和阜新矸石的催化助燃效果,结果表明,在煤样和矸石中加入添加剂后,都能加快燃烧速率,但对煤样的助燃效果更加明显。与此同时,研究了该添加剂对石墨燃烧反应动力学的影响,发现添加剂降低了石墨燃烧反应的活化能,加快了反应速率,从而产生助燃效果;揭示了添加剂的助燃作用机理。     

锂离子电池有机硅电解液

有机硅电解液具有优良的热稳定性、低可燃性、无毒性、高电导率和高分解电压等优点,近年来成为了锂离子电池新型电解液的研究热点。本文综述了有机硅电解液的研究进展,重点介绍了聚醚有机硅电解液的设计合成、物理化学性能、与电解质盐和电极材料的匹配性关系及其在电池中的性能表现;简述了有机硅功能化电解液添加剂的研究进展,如成膜添加剂、阻燃添加剂、吸酸吸水添加剂等;最后对有机硅电解液的进一步研究趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

电解铜箔添加剂研究进展

介绍了电解铜箔添加剂的研究现状和进展;指出随着信息产业的不断发展,对电子产品印刷电路板(PCB)制作的要求不断提高,而对关键的电解铜箔技术所用的添加剂的要求也日益苛刻.同时就电解铜箔添加剂的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为今后国内电解铜箔行业的发展提供参考.     

食品添加剂与食品安全

食品添加剂是食品工业的重要组成部分,对食品的生产和质量改善起至关重要的作用。随着食品工业的发展以及人们生活水平的提高,食品添加剂的研究和安全性评价越来越受到关注。本文较系统地介绍了食品添加剂的作用、分类,以及食品添加剂的安全性问题,综述了食品添加剂的发展趋势。     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2004年第10期论文摘要

[w0 76 ]锂离子电池电解液添加剂的发展与展望Development and Prospects of the Additives in Electrolytes of Lithium Ion Batteries郑洪河　秦建华　郭宝生　徐仲榆 # (河南师范大学化学与环境科学学院　新乡　 4 5 30 0 2 ;#湖南大学材料科学与工程学院　长沙　 4 10 0 82 )综述了锂离子电池电解液添加剂的研究现状。将添加剂分为成膜添加剂、导电添加剂、阻燃添加剂和多功能添加剂四类 ,并分别从物质结构和作用机制方面进行了系统的探讨 ,比较了不同添加剂的使用条件和性能 ,展望了添加剂在锂离子电池未来发展中的前景。The curre…     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.