在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定牛奶中的6种孕激素

建立了在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定牛奶中炔诺酮、17α-羟基孕酮、甲羟孕酮、乙酸甲地孕酮、孕酮和醋酸美伦孕酮6种孕激素的方法。本方法采用乙腈为提取溶剂提取目标化合物。提取液经在线净化柱Cyclone-P净化,经Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定,内标法定量。方法在0.1~50 μg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。6种分析物的测定低限为0.5 μg/kg,在牛奶中3个水平的添加回收率在90.8%~107.5%之间,相对标准偏差在6.3%~11.8%之间。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于牛奶样品中孕激素的快速定性定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联电喷雾四极杆质谱法同时测定牛奶中12种糖皮质激素的残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联电喷雾四极杆质谱(负离子模式)在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定了牛奶中12种糖皮质激素的残留。试样中加入pH 5.20的醋酸盐缓冲溶液和甲醇,超声提取,以去除部分蛋白质,然后用正己烷脱脂,依次经HLB柱、硅胶柱和氨基柱等固相萃取柱浓缩和净化后,通过Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在超高效液相色谱-质谱分析过程中以保留时间和离子对(母离子和两个碎片离子)信息比较进行定性,以母离子和响应值高的碎片离子进行定量。该法的检出限为0.02～0.38 μg/kg,最低定量限为0.07～1.27 μg/kg。添加水平为2 μg/kg和0.4 μg/kg时,12种糖皮质激素的加标回收率为69.3%～94.3%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～16.7%。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速测定化妆品中81种糖皮质激素

建立了分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱同时快速测定化妆品中81种非法添加糖皮质激素(GCs)的分析方法。样品用水分散后加乙腈超声提取,经十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,待测物选用具有多重色谱保留模式的Poroshell 120 PFP色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.2%(v/v)乙酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下以动态多反应监测方式测定,内标法定量。81种待测物在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,在3个不同的添加水平下,平均回收率为68.8%~105.3%,RSD为2.9%~13.1%(n=6),方法的检出限(S/N≥3)和定量限(S/N≥10)分别为0.002~0.006μg/g和0.005~0.020μg/g。筛查了137个化妆品样品,发现16个阳性样品,含量为16.9~158μg/g。结果表明,该法简便快速,灵敏可靠,适用于化妆品中81种GCs的同时快速定性定量筛查分析。     

纳米纤维固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中25种糖皮质激素

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚苯乙烯（PS）纳米纤维,用扫描电镜、透射电镜和红外光谱对其进行表征,并测试了比表面积和接触角。经过色谱条件、萃取条件优化,建立了基于纳米纤维固相萃取前处理/超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱检测牛奶中25种糖皮质激素类药物残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈振荡提取,PS纳米纤维固相萃取柱富集净化,甲醇洗脱液用ACQUITY BEH C18（2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以0.1%甲酸水 - 乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在双喷射流电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测模式（MRM）进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,25种糖皮质激素在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.995,方法检出限（LOD,S/N ≥ 3）和定量下限（LOQ,S/N ≥ 10）分别为0.04 ~ 0.10 μg/kg和0.13 ~ 0.33 μg/kg。在3个不同浓度加标水平下,25种糖皮质激素的回收率为71.5% ~ 105%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.8% ~ 10%。该方法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,应用该方法检测10批牛奶样品,有1批次检出微量氢化可的松残留。     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留的方法和数据库。样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经在线净化柱(Cyclone-P)净化、富集后,以乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,待测物经C_(18)分析柱色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以正负同时扫描的Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。结果表明,212种农药在0.5~50μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998。方法的定量下限(LOQ)均可达到5μg/kg。通过实际样品的加标回收试验,212种农药在10μg/kg的加标回收率为58.3%~129.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~16.0%。该方法利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片等多个定性信息可在无标准物质的情况下实现对果蔬中212种化合物的快速筛查与确证。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法测定污水中糖皮质激素

建立了同时测定污水中7种糖皮质激素的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法.利用单因素实验优化固相萃取影响因素:洗脱液、洗脱体积、水样pH值及淋洗液.在此基础上,进行L9(34)正交实验.通过直观分析和方差分析区分主次因素,确定了最佳固相萃取条件:洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯,洗脱剂用量为10 mL,pH=5.0,清洗剂为20％甲醇.7种糖皮质激素的检出限为1.56～10.59 ng/L;在20～100 ng/L的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为72.5％～101.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.9％.     

疏水整体柱在线固相萃取与高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物残留

建立了牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物残留的疏水整体柱在线固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的方法。以疏水的聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)整体柱(10 mm×2.1 mm)作为固相萃取介质,考察了上样流动相和洗脱流速对阿维菌素类药物的萃取效果,优化了梯度洗脱流动相的种类及质谱条件。方法在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.995),定量限为5 μg/kg。在5、10、50、100 μg/kg添加水平的回收率为77.4%~98.4%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为4.46%~8.03%和4.79%~8.68%,并且该柱反复使用400次后未发现萃取效率降低。结果表明,该整体柱对牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物能够有效萃取,并且可以重复使用。该方法简单,自动化程度高,可应用于常规阿维菌素类药物残留分析。     

双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量

建立了双柱固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的分析方法。样品用H3PO4溶液提取,三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,苯磺酸型和羧酸型固相萃取柱净化,经Atlantis C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定。牛奶中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为4μg/kg,定量限均为10μg/kg,奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素的方法检出限均为30μg/kg,定量限均为80μg/kg,方法回收率为80%~86%,相对标准偏差为5.9%~11.5%。本方法适用于牛奶和奶粉中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留量的测定。     

通过型固相萃取-液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定粮谷中17种酰胺类农药残留量

应用PRiME HLB固相萃取柱通过式净化技术,采用液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(LC-Q Orbitrap),建立了粮谷中17种酰胺类农药的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在GL Intersil ODS-3色谱柱上以0.5%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以Full Scan/ddMS^2模式进行检测。结果表明,各组分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996。方法定量限在0.5~5μg/kg之间。待测物在5.0,10.0,50.0μg/kg 3个浓度水平下加标回收率在70.4%~101.6%之间,相对标准偏差在2.7%~10.8%之间。该方法可用于粮谷中酰胺类农药的测定。     

整体柱固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法在线分析大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留量

以疏水的聚（甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯）整体柱作为固相萃取柱,建立了大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留的在线固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的方法。本方法采用乙腈提取目标化合物,经在线整体柱净化,Hypersil GOLD色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定。15种除草剂的线性关系良好,相关系数（r）大于0.998。方法检出限和定量限为0.20~2.0 μg/kg和0.50~5.0 μg/kg。待测物在2.0、5.0、10.0、50.0 μg/kg（敌稗为5.0、10.0、50.0、100 μg/kg）4个浓度水平下加标回收率为75.5%~121.3%,相对标准偏差为2.89%~12.38%。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,可用于大米中酰胺类除草剂的快速定性定量分析。     

全自动在线固相萃取-液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定麦卢卡蜂蜜中的特征标志物

建立了全自动在线固相萃取-液相色谱-高分辨质谱(SPE-LC-HRMS)测定麦卢卡蜂蜜中特征标志物3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯-4-双葡萄糖糖苷(leptosperin)的方法。以Dikma Diamonsil Plus C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾负离子、目标二级离子扫描模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.5~100.0 mg/L范围内该分析物的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 3,方法的检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)分别为3 mg/kg和10 mg/kg。在不同蜂蜜样品中分别添加50.0、100.0、200.0 mg/kg(洋槐蜜中添加10.0、20.0、50.0 mg/kg)特征化合物标准品进行加标回收率试验,平均回收率为82.0%~95.2%,相对标准偏差为2.7%~9.7%(n=6)。利用该方法对来自新西兰12种不同品种的95个蜂巢成熟原蜜和来自4个国家50个商品化蜂蜜进行了验证。该法快速、灵敏、准确,可为解决进口新西兰麦卢卡蜂蜜的判别难题提供技术支持。     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查海水中磺胺类药物

建立了海水中15种磺胺类药物的液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱方法.采用C18固相萃取膜提取海水中磺胺类药物,使用Hypersil GOLD Cl8色谱柱分离,乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1％甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱.正离子模式全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描(Full MS/dd-MS2),提取一级质谱图中准分子离子的...     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法筛查婴幼儿配方奶粉中17种头孢菌素类药物残留

建立了一种快速筛查婴幼儿配方奶粉中17种头孢菌素类药物残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）分析方法。奶粉样品经水溶解后,使用乙腈提取除去蛋白质等杂质,经低温高速离心后可达到净化样品的目的。选用C8色谱柱对待测物进行分离,在Q Exactive高分辨质谱Full MS/dd-MS²（data-dependent MS²）扫描模式下采集数据进行定性定量分析。17种目标物在5~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）均大于0.99,检出限0.0060~0.040 μg/L,定量限0.71~4.6 μg/kg,平均回收率69.6%~101.4%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）均小于10%。该法操作简单,重现性好,分辨率高,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中17种头孢菌素类药物残留的定性、定量筛查。     

离子色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查乳制品中的酸度调节剂

建立了离子色谱-高分辨质谱(IC-HRMS)串联筛查乳制品中多种酸度调节剂的方法。乳制品样品用KOH溶液(pH调至7~8)提取,经Oasis MAX SPE柱净化,用Dionex IonPac AS11-HC柱(250 mm×4 mm)分离,Orbitrap检测器全扫描模式检测。以6种有机酸为例进行验证,在0.01~5.00 mg/L范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99。实际样品的加标回收率为74.3%~115.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.64%~4.81%(n=9)。将该法用于市售乳制品中酸度调节剂的筛查,在样品中可以筛查到苹果酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸、乳酸和己二酸。该方法快速、简便,可用于乳制品中多种酸度调节剂的定性筛查。     

基于通过型固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱同时测定杨梅中29种农药残留

建立了基于PRiME HLB通过型固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法(UPLC-HRMS)快速准确测定杨梅中29种常见农药残留的检测方法.杨梅样品经乙腈涡旋提取、盐析和PRiME HLB固相萃取净化后,以5mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈溶液作为流动相在Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(...     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定食用油中4种酚类环境雌激素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(SPE-UPLC-HRMS)快速测定食用油中4种痕量酚类环境雌激素(双酚S(BPS)、双酚F(BPF)、双酚A(BPA)和4-壬基酚(4-NP))的分析方法。食用油样品经乙腈涡旋提取和SLC玻璃固相萃取小柱净化后,以0.05%(v/v)三乙醇胺和甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式(ESI-)和选择性离子监测(SIM)模式下进行检测,内标法定量。4种目标物在各自的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)0.999。方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOD,S/N=10)分别为0.03~0.11μg/kg和0.10~0.36μg/kg。在1.0、10.0和80.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,4种目标物的加标回收率为86.3%~96.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~8.8%(n=6)。基质效应实验表明方法在低、中、高3个浓度水平下均无明显的基质干扰。该法简便、快速,能用于食用油中双酚S、双酚F、双酚A和4-壬基酚残留的快速检测。     

Determination of 19-norandrosterone in human urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

An accurate and precise method for the determination of total 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), a major metabolite of nandrolone, in human urine was developed based on isotope dilution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (ID GC-HRMS). The 19-NA glucuronide, together with deuterated 19-NA (d₄-19-NA) (as the internal standard, IS), was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase, followed by solid phase extraction (XtractT, mixed-mode column) and liquid–liquid extraction cleanup. The native and deuterated analogues of 19-NA were then derivatised to the corresponding bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives using N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacteamide (MSTFA):NH₄I:Dithiothretitol (1,000:2:3 w/w). Identification was achieved under selected ion monitoring of the respective trimethylsilyl derivatives at ion masses m/z 405.26450 and 420.28800 for 19-NA and m/z 409.28920 and 424.31270 for d₄-19-NA within the specific time windows (±1% of the relative retention time to the calibration standard). A linear calibration curve (r ² > 0.9995) was obtained based on seven calibration points (five replicates at each level) in the range 0.05–10 ng/g. The detection limit for 19-NA was found to be 4 pg/g. The method has been applied for the determination of 19-NA by fortifying 19-NA glucuronide at three concentrations (0.2, 2.1 and 7.2 ng/g) in blank urine samples with excellent accuracy and reproducibility. To circumvent the iterative process of exacting matching, a single-point calibration procedure was adopted, where the acceptance criteria for the isotopic ratio in the sample (RF _s) and calibration blends (RF _c) was set close to unity (0.95–1.05). This method was successfully applied in a pilot inter-comparison study, with results in good agreement with the fortified value and other participants’ results (relative standard deviation, RSD < 2.0%) with an expanded relative uncertainty (coverage factor of 2 at 95% confidence level) of 4.7%. It was found in our determination that the main contributors to the uncertainty budget originated from the measurements of the purity of the reference material and the response factor of the calibration standard.     

General strategies to increase the repeatability in non-target screening by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

This article focuses on the data evaluation of non-target high-resolution LC-MS profiles of water samples. Taking into account multiple technical replicates, the difficulties in peak recognition and the related problems of false positive and false negative findings are systematically demonstrated. On the basis of a combinatorial approach, different models involving sophisticated workflows are evaluated, particularly with regard to the repeatability. In addition, the improvement resulting from data processing was systematically taken into consideration where the recovery of spiked standards emphasized that real peaks of interest were barely or not removed by the derived filter criteria. The comprehensive evaluation included different matrix types spiked with up to 263 analytical standards which were analyzed repeatedly leading to a total number of more than 250 injections that were incorporated in the assessment of different models of data processing. It was found that the analysis of multiple replicates is the key factor as, on the one hand, it provides the option of integrating valuable filters in order to minimize the false positive rate and, on the other hand, allows correcting partially false negative findings occurring during the peak recognition. The developed processing strategies including replicates clearly point to an enhanced data quality since both the repeatability as well as the peak recognition could be considerably improved. As proof of concept, four different matrix types, including a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, were spiked with 130 isotopically labeled standards at different concentration levels. Despite the stringent filter criteria, at 100 ng L⁻¹ recovery rates of up to 93% were reached in the positive ionization mode. The proposed model, comprising three technical replicates, filters less than 5% and 2% of the standards recognized at 100 and 500 ng L⁻¹, respectively and thus indicates the general applicability of the presented strategies.