Ka波段宽频带行波管放大器线性化研究

线性化器是毫米波通信系统中的关键器件,在改善放大器的线性指标及提高通信质量等方面起着至关重要的作用。现阶段国内行波管放大器（TWTA）线性化技术尚不完善,无法满足通信技术发展的应用需求,因此线性化技术的研究刻不容缓。本文提出了一种新的宽频带模拟预失真线性化器结构,用来改善Ka波段TWTA的非线性特性。仿真结果表明,在26～30 GHz频率范围内,输入功率为−20～10 dBm,线性化器的增益扩张≥5.08 dB,相位扩张≥64.81 °。将线性化器与TWTA进行级联测试,中心频率的增益压缩≤3.12 dB,相位压缩≤2.31 °,三阶互调（IMD3）显著提高。     

基于二极管Ka波段的新型可调预失真器

为了补偿不同类型功放的非线性特性,设计应用于Ka波段的可调预失真器,该电路基于三支线定向耦合器、肖特基二极管、微带线和负载电阻,产生预失真信号。通过调节肖特基二极管的偏置电压、微带线电长度及负载电阻可以提供不同的幅度和相位组合以满足不同类型的功率放大器线性化要求。仿真及实测结果表明,该预失真器在29～31 GHz频段范围内,用于行波管(TWTAs)线性化时可提供约6.5 dB的增益扩展和46的相位扩张;用于固态功率放大器(SSPAs)线性化时可提供约11 dB的增益扩展和35的相位压缩。     

Ka频段GaN功放的预失真线性化器设计

基于满足目前高效复杂的调制技术对功率放大器线性化度越来越高的需求的目的,采用模拟预失真技术设计了一种线性化器,用来改善Ka频段氮化镓(GaN)固态功放的非线性化失真。通过改进传统的并联式二极管预失真电路,采用开环技术,将两个肖特基二极管并联。改变二极管的偏置状态,得到不同的改善程度的预失真信号。结合使用专用电磁仿真软件ADS2013做电路仿真,通过参数扫描得到二极管偏置状态的初始值,为实物调试提供理论基础。通过对已加工的实物测试,结果表明：增益幅度补偿达到6.4dB,相位补偿达到28°。     

基于双排矩形梳状慢波结构的W波段宽频带行波管模拟研究

提出采用圆形电子注和双排矩形梳状慢波结构作为W波段宽频带行波管注波互作用回路. 对该慢波回路的"冷"态特性、输入输出结构等方面进行了模拟仿真和分析, 研究结果表明, 该结构色散特性较好, 带宽较宽; 通过调整双排矩形梳状慢波结构之间的距离和电子注通道半径的尺寸, 圆形电子注系统取得了和带状注系统相同的耦合阻抗; 且该结构传输特性较好, 优化后整管的驻波比能在较宽的频带内保持在2以下. 此外, 对该慢波系统的大信号理论计算和PIC粒子模拟结果一致. 在50 mW驱动功率下, 输出功率在10 GHz带宽内大于40 W, 增益高于29 dB.     

用于Ka波段行波管的反射式预失真线性化器

采用幂级数法分析得到了线性化器与行波管放大器相反的非线性特性,并建立了预失真放大器的幂级数模型。根据反并联二极管对电路能够产生奇次谐波的特点,利用反并联肖特基二极管对、正交混合电桥、二极管电路的匹配网络等结构,通过对各结构的分析优化,设计了用于Ka波段行波管的预失真线性化器。实验结果表明：该线性化器在29~31 GHz频段范围内能为行波管放大器的载波交调比带来最大19 dB的改善。     

用于Ka波段行波管的反射式预失真线性化器

采用幂级数法分析得到了线性化器与行波管放大器相反的非线性特性,并建立了预失真放大器的幂级数模型。根据反并联二极管对电路能够产生奇次谐波的特点,利用反并联肖特基二极管对、正交混合电桥、二极管电路的匹配网络等结构,通过对各结构的分析优化,设计了用于Ka波段行波管的预失真线性化器。实验结果表明:该线性化器在29~31 GHz频段范围内能为行波管放大器的载波交调比带来最大19 dB的改善。     

X波段高功率宽频带双螺旋反射阵列天线的设计

为了提升高功率微波辐射天线的带宽,提出并设计了一种X波段高功率圆极化反射阵列天线,该天线采用喇叭天线作为馈源,阵列天线单元由可旋转金属双螺旋线构成,通过旋转螺旋线可以实现360°的相位补偿,同时反射损耗极小。设计了15×15矩形栅格螺旋反射阵列天线,全波仿真结果表明：该口径为315 mm的阵列天线在中心频点9.3 GHz下,增益为28 dB,轴比为0.53 dB,口径效率为52.6%;在8.5~10.9 GHz的频带范围内增益大于26.8 dB,轴比小于1.14 dB,1 dB增益带宽和40%以上口径效率带宽均大于21%;在真空中所能承受的最大功率约为207 MW。     

一种双路矢量合成式毫米波预失真线性化器

针对目前行波管放大器模拟预失真技术中存在的幅度和相位特性关联性强的问题,提出一种双路矢量合成式预失真器。该预失真器由90电桥、模拟电调衰减器和反射式二极管预失真电路构成。根据理论分析和ADS软件仿真结果加工了实际电路并进行测试。实测结果表明：在工作频率29～31 GHz和额定输入功率区间内,该电路可实现与行波管特性相反的预失真性能;合理调整两支路偏置电压,可实现相位扩张改变30,而增益扩张变化量小于1 dB的性能,有效减小了模拟预失真器幅度和相位特性的关联性。     

用于固态功放反射式宽带预失真器设计方法

提出了一种特定增益和相位补偿的反射式宽带线性化器设计方法,并通过此方法设计了一种补偿固态功率放大器失真特性的预失真电路。利用肖特基二极管产生非线性补偿,根据电路拓扑结构,利用matlab优化工具找到单频点处特定增益补偿和相位补偿特性的并联负载值,改变频点,并重复上述步骤,可进一步得到特定增益和相位补偿所需的并联负载随频率的变化关系（即Z_L～f曲线）。利用ADS仿真软件优化设计使二极管后端阻抗随频率的变化逼近Z_L-f曲线。仿真的电路增益补偿和相位补偿分别为6 dB和?40°。最终实测频率范围为9.4～11.4 GHz,增益扩张在3.9～4.4 dB,相位补偿在?32.3°～?41.5°,频带特性良好,并且相对带宽达到了19.2%。通过改变二极管直流偏置电压,还实现了补偿曲线的斜率可调。     

双枝节加载的L波段宽带高隔离度定向耦合器

提出了一种小型化双枝节加载的L波段微带线定向耦合器。使用功率相消技术提高定向耦合器的隔离度,并且采用两根长度不同的加载枝节分别在两个相近的频点上反射信号,从而实现耦合器的带宽扩展;同时采用缺陷地结构的慢波特性减小该定向耦合器的物理尺寸,并利用缺陷地结构产生的陷波,合并上述两根枝节反射抵消产生的的两个陷波,进一步提高定向耦合器的带宽和隔离度。该耦合器工作在L波段,耦合度约为10 dB,在整个L波段内的隔离度均优于?20 dB,最大约为?52.81 dB,相对带宽为60%。最后对设计的定向耦合器进行加工和测试,测试与仿真结果一致性较好,证明了该电路的可行性。     

Investigation of a wideband folded double-ridged waveguide slow-wave system

The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated.Expressions of dispersion characteristics,normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance of this structure are derived and numerically calculated.The calculated results using our theory agree well with those obtained by using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.Influences of the ridge-loaded area and broad-wall dimensions on the high frequency characteristics of the novel slow-wave structure are discussed.It is shown that the folded double-ridged waveguide structure has a much wider relative passband than the folded waveguide slow-wave structure and a relative passband of 67% could be obtained,indicating that this structure can operate in broad-band frequency ranges of beam-wave interaction.The small signal gain property is investigated for ensuring the improvement of bandwidth.Meanwhile,with comparable dispersion characteristics,the transverse section dimension of this novel structure is much smaller than that of conventional one,which indicates an available way to reduce the weight of traveling-wave tube.     

Simplified Approach for Optimizing Optical Asymmetric Curved Waveguides of Broadband Directional Couplers

ABSTRACT

Optical broadband directional couplers (BDCs) are indispensable components for providing wavelength-insensitive and flexible optical splitting in the construction of functional photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The existing BDC device structures are usually required to determine specific design parameters for different waveguide structures and operating wavelength bands. To circumvent this dilemma, here we present a novel optimization procedure to realize a compact BDC by using the asymmetric curved waveguide structure. The versatile particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is adopted to determine the optimal device parameters of the compact and broadband asymmetric curved directional couplers (ACDCs) for different coupling ratios. In order to reduce the computational complexity in the optimization, the 3D ACDC is first converted to an equivalent 2D structure by using the modified effective index method (MEIM). The device parameters of the equivalent 2D ACDC are optimized by the PSO with the objective function of a wavelength flattened coupling ratio. Afterward, the optimized 2D structure is converted to the 3D one by including the waveguide thickness. To cope with the approximation error by the MEIM, the 3D ACDC is further fine-tuned by sweeping one of the device parameters with the full 3D simulation but keeping all of the other optimal parameters obtained from the PSO intact. As a result, a DC with broad bandwidth of 100 nm is obtained over the wavelength range from 1.50 µm to 1.60 µm with a very small coupling length of 6 µm. The semi-optimized ACDC is used to construct an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and a Sagnac loop mirror (SLM), both of which show high extinction ratios of >25 dB over a broad wavelength range with low excess loss.     

0.14 THz行波管的设计与实验研究

以折叠波导作为为慢波结构进行研究分析,利用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS和CST,对0.14 THz行波管模型进行了折叠波导慢波结构、电子光学系统和输入输出窗等的模拟设计,并完成了整管的PIC注波互作用的仿真计算与优化。进行了整管的焊接工艺设计和热测实验,研制出的样管在电压15.4 kV、电流17.4 mA下,脉冲工作输出最大功率为8.3 W,输出中心频率为140.8 GHz,最大增益为28 dB,-3 dB带宽为2.9 GHz。     

基于缺陷接地结构的太赫兹双频微带天线

提出了一种工作在太赫兹频段的双频微带天线。在普通矩形微带天线的基础上,在辐射贴片上加载45°和135°的矩形贴片增大辐射面积,增大高频谐振点处阻抗带宽。通过引入缺陷接地结构使得天线在接地板处的电流路径改变,并与辐射贴片相互耦合,从而实现双频特性。为提高天线增益,在辐射贴片边缘加载若干寄生矩形贴片,并增加了寄生贴片处的基板厚度。该款天线可以同时在520 GHz(508~532 GHz)和680 GHz(581~766 GHz)的频段下工作,其中高频段的相对带宽达到了27.5%,最大增益达到了3.54 dB和4.11 dB。该双频天线结构相对简单,各项性能指标稳定,对于工作在太赫兹频段上的通信系统和无线传输系统具有一定的应用价值。     

Design of a re-entrant double-staggered ladder circuit for V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes

The re-entrant double-staggered ladder slow-wave structure is employed in a high-power V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube. This structure has a wide bandwidth, a moderate interaction impedance, and excellent thermal dissipation properties, as well as easy fabrication. A well-matched waveguide coupler is proposed for the structure. Combining the design of attenuators, a full-scale three-dimensional circuit model for the V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is constructed. The electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this structure are investigated. The beam current is set to be 100 mA, and the cathode voltage is tuned from 16.8 kV to 15.8 kV. The calculation results show that this tube can produce a saturated average output power over 100 W with an instantaneous bandwidth greater than 1.25 GHz in the frequency ranging from 58 GHz to 62 GHz. The corresponding gain and electronic efficiency can reach over 32 dB and 6.5%, respectively.     

Optimal design of coupling waveguide structure for adiabatic optical directional full couplers weighted by sin-square and raised-cosine functions

The optimal design of coupling waveguide structure for adiabatic optical directional full couplers (AODFC) based on weighted sin-square function (SSF) and raised-cosine function (RCF) are investigated in this paper. The coupling lengths with a crosstalk smaller than −30 dB at the operating wavelength of 1.57 μm resulted in a value of 3.0 and 2.4 mm for the SSF and RCF cases, respectively. Under the same level of crosstalk, the wavelength ranges obtained by weighted SSF and RCF could be varied about 1.33-1.70 μm and 1.27-1.70 μm with coupler lengths of 6.0 and 5.5 mm, respectively. Clearly, the AODFC weighted by RCF has the superior performances of both short coupling length and broad wavelength ranges.     

基于缺陷地结构的微带低通滤波器设计

提出了一种具有宽带带外抑制的小型化微带低通滤波器。该滤波器由缺陷地结构和两阶阶跃阻抗单元结构构成。利用ANSYS HFSS建立三维全波电磁模型并仿真优化,仿真结果表明：该低通滤波器的截止频率为1.4 GHz,通带宽度为0~1.4 GHz,通带内的插入损耗小于0.5 dB,带外抑制频率范围为2.1~11 GHz,在阻带范围内的带外抑制能力接近20 dB。为验证仿真和测试结果,加工并测试了经全波电磁优化后的缺陷地结构微带低通滤波器。测试结果和仿真结果吻合得较好,证明了所提出的缺陷地结构在实现滤波器小型化和宽阻抗带宽上有着重要的作用,能够使该滤波器具有较好的低通滤波特性。     

介质加载折叠波导行波管的线性分析

提出了一种介质加载折叠波导慢波结构,给出了该结构中存在电子注时慢波互作用的热色散方程,在介电常数ε_r=1的特殊情况下该方程即简化为普通折叠波导的小信号工作方程.在给定慢波结构尺寸的基础上,分析比较了介质加载对放大器小信号增益特性的影响,结果表明:"弱加载"(介质厚度d/a<0.1)时,无需重新设计慢波结构的参数,只需适当调整工作电压和电流就可以满足原有设计要求,而且和未加载时相比增益特性更为平坦,降低的电子注阻抗也有利于电子效率的提高.考虑到 关键词： 折叠波导 行波管放大器 介质加载 热色散方程