络合物电位滴定法测定工业气体及废水中硫化物含量的研究

本文以自制涂丝Ag-Ag2S电极为指示电极,Hg^2 -半胱氨酸络离子作滴定剂,在SAOB介质中用电位滴定法测定了工业气体和废水中硫化物含量。滴定终点突跃明显,勿需绘制滴定曲线即可确定终点体积,检测下限可达10μg／L。方法简便、快捷、灵敏,是对电位滴定法测硫的一大改进。     

电位滴定法测定铜镁合金中镁

建立电位滴定法测定铜镁合金中的镁含量.以光度电极为指示电极,乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液为滴定剂.试料用王水溶解,在pH 4.0～4.5时,用硫化钠和铜试剂将大量基体铜和杂质元素沉淀分离.在pH约为10的环境下,以铬黑T为指示剂,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液滴定至电位突跃记为终点,计算镁含量.考察滴定参数的影响,确定了滴定波长为61...     

示波双电位滴定法的研究——硫化硒中硒的测定

示波双电位滴定法在氧化还原滴定中的应用已有报导.运用一大一小两个铂电极为指示电极,在没有任何外加电流的情况下,滴定终点时体系中氧化还原电位响应的差别导致荧光屏上光点的突然移动。以此指示终点比示波极谱滴定中切口的变化更为敏锐,比一般的电位滴定法更简便、直观。     

光度滴定法在分析化学中的应用

介绍了光度滴定法的基本原理和装置,综述了光度滴定法在食品、药品、化工等领域的应用情况。我国光度滴定法大多是通过浸在溶剂中的光度电极的电位变化来确定滴定终点,操作复杂;国外则是自制光度滴定仪系统,可以实现无校正曲线情况下的定量,自动化程度更高。因此,在推进光度滴定技术在分析化学中应用的同时,我国还需要开发一系列集合溶剂流路控制系统和高精度光度计的全自动滴定装置,以满足食品、药品、化工等领域快速检测、批量检测的要求。     

电位滴定分析方法在地质样品主量元素检测中的应用

对电化学分析法与电位滴定法的发展进行了简要介绍。电位滴定法是将电位分析与传统滴定法进行结合的新型分析方法,其反应类型包括酸碱滴定、沉淀滴定、氧化还原滴定与络合滴定,因其仪器操作简单,终点判断更加明确且节省人力的特点而得到广泛关注,因此就近年来电位滴定在地质样品中主量元素检测的应用进行了总结,分别对石灰石、白云石、硅酸盐、铬矿石、铁矿石、锰矿石、铜矿石与水等地质样品的电位滴定检测方法进行了阐述,电位滴定的应用将随着技术发展得以提升。     

电位滴定法测定锡基合金中的铅

研究用305型铅离子选择性电极为指示电极,电位滴定法测定锡基合金中铅的新方法。在测定体系中加过量的EDTA标准溶液络合铅,再用硝酸铅标准溶液滴定过量的EDTA,电位突跃明显,用二级微商法确定滴定终点和计算终点时耗用滴定剂的体积,方法准确度高,结果稳定,操作简便。并对测定条件和干扰离子的掩蔽作了试验,对样品中加标回收率达99.95％～100.02％。     

两点电位滴定法测定染料亚甲基蓝的含量

将两点电位滴定法应用于亚甲基蓝等含可电离氯离子的碱性染料的测定。只需在滴定终点前附近记录两次AgNO3标准溶液体积和相应的电极电位值,利用两点法公式计算滴定终点,从而确定亚甲基蓝含量,此法简便、灵敏、准确。     

滴定剂终点体积的确定方法及比较

滴定剂终点体积的确定是滴定分析工作的核心,以重铬酸钾滴定亚铁为例,重点针对手动电位滴定法的3种确定终点体积的方法（E-V曲线法、ΔE/ΔV-V曲线和Δ2E/ΔV2-曲线）,进行了具体作图计算处理。引导学生比较了手动电位滴定法、自动电位滴定法和指示剂法3类方法的滴定结果,并对其结果进行了深刻的分析。将确定终点体积的方法连成一个体系,可以帮助学生深刻理解方法原理和计算处理方法,通过比较可以加深理解滴定剂终点体积确定方法的选择。     

AgNO3示波电位滴定法测定VB1或VB6

VB_1和VB_6是生物体生长和代谢所必需的两种重要的维生素,其制剂的分析方法主要有重量法,紫外分光光度法,非水滴定法等。其中一些方法手续繁琐、费时。本文设计了一种比较简单的分析方法——AgNO_3示波电位滴定法,该法所需仪器简单,操作方便,不需分离等手续可直接测定片剂和液剂中VB_1或VB_6的含量。测定速度快,终点敏锐,所得结果准确可靠。 示波电位滴定法是将两支性能不同的电极直接连于示波器输入端,利用荧光屏上荧光点的移动情况,反映出滴定过程中两电极间的电位差变化。在终点时由于两电极的电位差发生很大变化,荧光点便产生突然的移动。该法曾被称为是一种最简单的电滴定法。Ag~+与Cl~-间的沉淀滴定用该法可指示出敏锐的滴定终点。VB_1和VB_6均为盐酸盐类药物,所含Cl~-与本体有定量关系,本文利用AgNO_3标准溶液直接滴定此药物中的Cl~-,以示波电位法指示滴定终点,由终点时消耗的AgNO_3溶液的体积和浓度便可计算出VB_1或VB_6的含量。     

自动电位滴定法测定高纯氯化铵的纯度

建立自动电位滴定法测定高纯试剂氯化铵纯度的方法。以硝酸银标准滴定溶液作滴定剂,采用自动电位滴定仪测定高纯氯化铵的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.03%(n=6)。采用该法与化学滴定法对高纯氯化铵样品进行测定,两种方法的测定结果无显著性差异。该方法操作简便、快捷,自动化程度高,滴定终点判断敏锐,测定结果准确可靠。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。