晶闸管反向并联二极管组件的关断特性研究

晶闸管具有控制特性好,寿命长、体积小、噪声小等优点,是高功率脉冲电源的重要器件。但晶闸管在高电压、大电流、重频工作条件下使用时,会出现晶闸管无法在特定时间内关断的情况,导致脉冲电源出现故障。为提高晶闸管在重频下的工作能力,本文对脉冲功率晶闸管组件的关断过程进行研究。基于晶闸管的关断原理和实验分析,在相同$ {\rm{d}}i/{\rm{d}}t$下,增大电流峰值$ {I_{\rm{p}}}$对晶闸管反向恢复特性影响较小,并得到了晶闸管的反向恢复时间、反向恢复电荷和${\rm{d}}i/{\rm{d}}t$的关系。根据实验数据拟合晶闸管反向恢复电流波形,修改了电流指数函数模型,可以更好地拟合反向恢复电流。     

双重味重子的理想混合角

本工作研究了双重味重子的理想混合角。理想混合角是将$^{2S+1}(l_\lambda)_J$态转换为具有确定重夸克对称性的态时所对应的旋转角度。在标准的$\rho-\lambda$图像下,求得了$L_\rho=0$情形时重夸克对称性的态$\left(J, j_\ell\right)$和$\left(J, s_{\rm q}+j_\rho\right)= $$ \left(J, \{^4l_\lambda/^2l_\lambda\}\right)$态之间的理想混合角,其中${\boldsymbol{j}}_\ell={\boldsymbol{l}}_\lambda+{\boldsymbol{s}}_{\rm q}$, ${\boldsymbol{s}}_\rho={\boldsymbol{s}}_{\rm Q1}+{\boldsymbol{s}}_{\rm Q2}$和${\boldsymbol{j}}_\rho={\boldsymbol{s}}_\rho+{\boldsymbol{L}}_\rho$。本工作指出当研究双重味重子的衰变性质时,需要采用$(1S1p)1/2^-$和$(1S1p)3/2^-$等理想混合态。     

锦屏深地核天体物理实验(JUNA)地面实验进展

锦屏深地核天体物理(JUNA)实验项目将利用中国锦屏深地实验室(CJPL)的良好条件,在天体物理伽莫夫能量窗口开展核天体关键反应$^{25}{\rm{Mg}}({\rm{p}},{\rm{\gamma}})^{26}{\rm{Al}}$、$^{19}{\rm{F}}({\rm{p}},\alpha)^{16}{\rm{O}}$、$^{13}{\rm{C}}(\alpha, {\rm{n}})^{16}{\rm{O}}$和$^{12}{\rm{C}}(\alpha,{\rm{\gamma}})^{16}{\rm{O}}$的直接测量,为理解恒星演化和元素起源提供新的数据。目前,已经在地面上对加速器装置、束流稳定性、靶、探测器以及电子学进行了系统的测试。地面实验内容包括高纯锗探测器效率刻度,$^{25}{\rm{Mg}}({\rm{p}}, {\rm{\gamma}})^{26}{\rm{Al}}$在304 keV的共振强度测量,$^{19}{\rm{F}}({\rm{p}}, \alpha)^{16}{\rm{O}}$的截面测量,聚乙烯作为慢化体的中子探测器的设计、加工和效率刻度,靶的设计和稳定性检测等。JUNA项目整体进展顺利,地面实验已取得一系列关键进展和初步成果。在不远的将来,JUNA项目将有序开展地下实验,完成设定目标,也将促进更广泛的国际合作,助力于天体演化中的若干重大科学问题的解决。     

The splitting of low-lying states for hydroxyl molecule under spin--orbit coupling

The splitting of potential energy curves for the states $X^{2}\Pi _{3/2}$, $^{2}\Pi _{1/2}$ and $A^{2}\Sigma ^{ +}$ of hydroxyl OH under spin--orbit coupling (SOC) has been calculated by using the SO multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (SO-MCQDPT). Their Murrell--Sorbie (M--S) potential functions have been derived, then, the spectroscopic constants for $X^{2}\Pi _{3/2}$,$^{ 2}\Pi _{1/2}$ and $A^{2}\Sigma ^{ + }$ have been derived from the M--S function. The calculated dissociation energies for the three states are $D_{0}$[OH($X^{2}\Pi _{3/2})$]=34966.632cm$^{-1}$, $D_{0}$[OH($^{2}\Pi _{1/2})$]=34922.802cm$^{-1}$, and $D_{0}$[OH($A^{2}\Sigma ^{ + })$]=17469.794cm$^{-1}$, respectively. The vertical excitation energy $\nu [ {{ }^2\Pi _{1/2} ( {\nu = 0} ) \to {X}{ }^2\Pi _{3/2} ( {\nu = 0} )} ] = 139.6{\rm cm}^{-{\rm 1}}$. All the spectroscopic data for the $X^{2}\Pi _{3/2}$ and $^{2}\Pi _{1/2 }$ are given for the first time except the dissociation energy of $X^{2}\Pi _{3/2}$.     

Polyakov-loop拓展的夸克介子模型中的Roberge-Weiss相变研究

${\mathbb{Z}}_3$-QCD是具有严格中心对称性的类QCD理论,研究其在特殊条件下的性质有助于理解QCD退禁闭相变。本文应用三种味道的Polyakov-loop拓展的夸克介子模型作为${\mathbb{Z}}_3$-QCD的低能有效理论,研究了不同中心对称性破缺模式下的Roberge-Weiss(RW)相变。为保证RW周期性,本文采用味道依赖的虚化学势$(\mu_{\rm{u}},\mu_{\rm{d}},\mu_{\rm{s}})={\rm{i}}T(\theta-2C\pi/3,\theta,\theta+2C\pi/3)$,其中${\mathbb{Z}}_3$-QCD是具有严格中心对称性的类QCD理论,研究其在特殊条件下的性质有助于理解QCD退禁闭相变。本文应用三种味道的Polyakov-loop拓展的夸克介子模型作为${\mathbb{Z}}_3$-QCD的低能有效理论,研究了不同中心对称性破缺模式下的Roberge-Weiss(RW)相变。为保证RW周期性,本文采用味道依赖的虚化学势$(\mu_{\rm{u}},\mu_{\rm{d}},\mu_{\rm{s}})={\rm{i}}T(\theta-2C\pi/3,\theta,\theta+2C\pi/3)$,其中$0\!\leqslant\!{C}\!\leqslant1$。传统的和夸克反馈效应改进的两种不同Polyakov-loop势被分别用于相应的计算。研究表明,当$N_{\rm{f}}\!=\!3$,$C\!\ne\!1$时,RW相变出现在$\theta=\pi/3$(mod $2\pi/3$)处,其强度随$C$值的减小而加强;当$C\!=\!1$,$N_{\rm{f}}\!=\!2\!+\!1$时,RW相变位置出现反常,变为$\theta=2\pi/3$(mod $2\pi/3$);而当$C\!=\!1$,$N_{\rm{f}}\!=\!1\!+\!2$时,RW相变点又返回$\theta\!=\!\pi/3$(mod $2\pi/3$)。上述几种情形的RW相变端点均为三相点。研究发现,夸克反馈效应使得RW相变强度减弱,退禁闭相变温度变低,但并未改变前述的定性结论。     

气体中心式离心喷嘴喷雾实验与三维仿真

在实验的基础上, 基于RNG k-ε模型对常压下气体中心式同轴离心(gas-centered swirl coaxial,GCSC)喷嘴喷雾形态和破碎模式进行了三维仿真研究。采用网格自适应加密(adaptive mesh refinement,AMR)技术、耦合水平集和流体体积(coupled level-set and volume of fluid, CLSVOF)方法对气液界面进行捕捉。结果表明, 液体质量流率($\dot{m}_{\mathrm{l}}$)不变, 随着气体质量流率($\dot{m}_{\mathrm{g}}$)的增加, 中心气流的引射作用增强, 液膜内外压差增大, 雾化锥角减小, 并对其流动特性进行了分析; 而$\dot{m}_{\mathrm{g}}$不变时, 液膜在喷嘴出口的径向速度与切向速度随$\dot{m}_{\mathrm{l}}$的增大而增大, 导致雾化锥角增大。同时根据气液质量流率比(gas-liquid mass flow rate,GLR), 将喷雾的破碎模式分为穿孔破碎、气泡破碎和气动破碎。      

相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov理论对Dy偶同位素链的研究

基于相对论连续谱Hartree-Bogoliubov(RCHB)理论, 在NL-SH参数下, 研究了从质子滴线到中子滴线Dy的整个偶同位素链的基态特性. 首先, 计算的核结合能和核均方根半径结果, 在有实验数据进行比较的范围内, 相当好地与已有实验数据值符合; 其次, 在中子数为N=82—126的壳层里, 在84—92, 94—126之间有明显的子壳层结构; $^{250}_{66}\rm Dy_{184}$核是中子滴线核; 在$_{\hspace{5ex}66}^{\text{240—250}}\rm Dy_{\text{174—184}}$范围内有晕核的典型特征, 这里很可能存在有巨晕核.     

线-板式脉冲电晕放电反应器的发射光谱研究

以发射光谱法为基础,检测了常压状态线-板式脉冲电晕放电过程OH自由基在反应器内的空间分布;研究了线电极直径,线线间距以及线板间距对生成OH自由基的影响;从而明确脉冲电晕放电反应器的性能。结果显示:OH自由基浓度沿线电极X轴方向逐渐降低,活化区域半径20mm左右,沿Y轴方向先升高后降低,活化区域半径大于30mm;线电极的直径小于2mm时,OH自由基的光谱强度基本不变,线电极直径继续增大,发射光谱强度随之迅速下降。线线间距逐渐增大,OH自由基的发射光谱强度随之增强。OH自由基的发射光谱强度随着线板间距的增大而降低。     

超导腔垂直测试数字化自激励环路研制

介绍北京大学垂直测试系统的数字化自激励环路系统,重点分析了实际测试中避免多单元（cell）超导腔模式串扰的方法以及偏离四倍频采样对信号幅度和相位的影响。该系统运行稳定可靠,可有效区分1.3 GHz 9-cell超导腔$ {\rm{{\text{π}}}} $模与$ 8{\rm{{\text{π}}}}/9 $模,解决了多cell超导腔测试中模式串扰问题。分析了超导腔自激励环路在垂直测试中的应用,介绍了北京大学垂直测试系统的数字化自激励环路,采用上下变频方案的射频前端和包括有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字算法,系统简洁扩展性强。重点分析了实际测试中避免多cell超导腔模式串扰的方法以及偏离四倍频采样对信号幅度和相位的影响。在多种不同频率超导腔的垂直测试中该系统运行稳定可靠,可有效区分1.3 GHz 9-cell超导腔$ {\text{π}} $模与$ 8{\rm{{\text{π}}}}/9 $模,解决了多cell超导腔测试中模式串扰问题。     

大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电发射光谱诊断

采用光谱在线技术（OES）检测了大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 等离子体中的主要粒子为 NH,N,N+,N2, Ar,Hα,OH。NH 是 NH3分解的产物,激发态 Ar*和 NH3分子的潘宁碰撞生成激发态中性粒子 NH（c 1Π）和 NH（A 3Π）。674．5 nm 处 N 原子谱线表明等离子体中产生了 N 活性原子,为大气压 Ar／NH3同轴介质阻挡放电等离子体合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒提供了可能。研究了各主要粒子谱线强度随 NH3流量和外加电压峰峰值的变化规律,研究结果表明：NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,各粒子谱线强度均逐渐增强;外加电压峰峰值相同时,各谱线强度随 NH3流量增加先增强后减弱。外加电压峰峰值相同时,随 NH3流量增加,N 活性原子谱线强度先增强后减弱,NH3流量为20 mL·min－1时,N 活性原子谱线强度最强。NH3流量相同时,随外加电压峰峰值升高,N 活性原子谱线强度逐渐减小,主要是由于大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 放电模式由多脉冲大气压辉光放电转变为丝状放电造成。多脉冲大气压辉光放电的微放电通道之间相互重叠,各个微放电之间相互影响,导致随外加电压峰峰值升高各谱线强度的增加速率较快。当外加电压峰峰值从4600 V 升高到6400 V 时,大气压 Ar／NH3 DBD 的放电模式由单脉冲 APGD 转变为二脉冲 APGD,属于均匀大气压介质阻挡放电,随外加电压峰峰值升高谱线强度的增加速率较快,利于合成ε-Fe3 N 磁性颗粒。     

Optical emission spectroscopy study on depositionprocess of microcrystalline silicon

This paper reports that the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to monitor the plasma during the deposition process of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films in a very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition system. The OES intensities (SiH\sj{*}, H微晶硅 VHF-PECVD 发射光谱学 薄膜物理学microcrystalline silicon, VHF-PECVD, optical emission spectroscopy2005-11-092005-11-092005-12-12This paper reports that the optical emission spectroscopy （OES） is used to monitor the plasma during the deposition process of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films in a very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition system. The OES intensities （Sill^＊, H^＊ and H^＊β） are investigated by varying the deposition parameters. The result shows that the discharge power, silane concentrations and substrate temperature affect the OES intensities. When the discharge power at silane concentration of 4% increases, the OES intensities increase first and then are constant, the intensities increase with the discharge power monotonously at silane concentration of 6%. The SiH^＊ intensity increases with silane concentration, while the intensities of H^＊α and H^＊β increase first and then decrease. When the substrate temperature increases, the SiH^＊ intensity decreases and the intensities of H^＊α and H^＊β are constant. The correlation between the intensity ratio of IH^＊α/ISiH^＊ and the crystalline volume fraction （Xc） of films is confirmed.     

Impurity effects of the Λhyperon in the hypernuclear systems ${}_{{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}$ and ${}_{{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{29}\mathrm{Si}$

Based on the beyond-mean-field Skyrme–Hartree–Fock model, impurity effects of the Λhyperon in the hypernuclear systems ${}_{\,{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{25}$ Mg and ${}_{\,{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{29}$ Si are investigated, respectively. Four cases, in which the Λhyperon occupies the single-particle orbitals ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[000]${\tfrac{1}{2}}^{+}$, ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[110]${\tfrac{1}{2}}^{-}$, ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[101]${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[101]${\tfrac{1}{2}}^{-}$, are focused. In each case, the potential energy surface and the energy curves projected on certain angular momenta are employed to show the influence of the Λhyperon on the nuclear core. Beside the shrinkage effect that is induced by the Λhyperon occupying the s_Λ orbital, it is found that the Λhyperon on the p_Λ orbital, ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[110]${\tfrac{1}{2}}^{-}$, drives the nuclear core toward a prolate shape, while the ones on the other two p_Λ orbitals, ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[101]${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\rm{\Lambda }}$[101]${\tfrac{1}{2}}^{-}$, drive the nuclear core toward an oblate shape. The energy spectra and the corresponding intra-band E2 transition rates for the rotational bands are given as a prediction for future experiments.     

Characteristics of temperature fluctuation in two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection

We study the characteristics of temperature fluctuation in two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh–Benard convection in′a square cavity by direct numerical simulations.The Rayleigh number range is 1×10⁸≤Ra≤1×10¹³,and the Prandtl number is selected as Pr=0.7 and Pr=4.3.It is found that the temperature fluctuation profiles with respect to Ra exhibit two different distribution patterns.In the thermal boundary layer,the normalized fluctuationθrms/θrms,max is independent of Ra and a power law relation is identified,i.e.,θrms/θrms,max～(z/δ)0.99±0.01,where z/δis a dimensionless distance to the boundary(δis the thickness of thermal boundary layer).Out of the boundary layer,when Ra≤5×10⁹,the profiles ofθrms/θrms,max descend,then ascend,and finally drop dramatically as z/δincreases.While for Ra≥1×10¹⁰,the profiles continuously decrease and finally overlap with each other.The two different characteristics of temperature fluctuations are closely related to the formation of stable large-scale circulations and corner rolls.Besides,there is a critical value of Ra indicating the transition,beyond which the fluctuation hθrmsiV has a power law dependence on Ra,given by hθrmsiV～Ra?0.14±0.01.     

Kiselev黑洞的热力学性质和物质吸积特性

本文考虑带有黑洞视界和宇宙视界的Kiselev时空.研究以黑洞视界和宇宙视界为边界的系统的热力学性质.统一地给出了两个系统的热力学第一定律;在黑洞视界半径远小于宇宙视界半径的情况下,近似地计算了通过宇宙视界和黑洞视界的热能.然后,探讨Kiselev时空的物质吸积特性.在吸积能量密度正比于背景能量密度的条件下给出黑洞的吸积率,讨论了黑洞吸积率与暗能量态方程参数的关系.     

Covalent hadronic molecules induced by shared light quarks

After examining Feynman diagrams corresponding to the ${\bar{D}}^{(* )}{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{c}^{(* )}$, ${\bar{D}}^{(* )}{{\rm{\Lambda }}}_{c}$, ${D}^{(* )}{\bar{K}}^{* }$, and ${D}^{(* )}{\bar{D}}^{(* )}$ hadronic molecular states, we propose a possible binding mechanism induced by shared light quarks. This mechanism is similar to the covalent bond in chemical molecules induced by shared electrons. We use the method of QCD sum rules to calculate its corresponding light-quark-exchange diagrams, and the obtained results indicate a model-independent hypothesis: the light-quark-exchange interaction is attractive when the shared light quarks are totally antisymmetric so they obey the Pauli principle. We build a toy model with four parameters to formulize this picture and estimate binding energies of some possibly-existing covalent hadronic molecules. A unique feature of this picture is that the binding energies of the (I)J^P = (0)1⁺ $D{\bar{B}}^{* }/{D}^{* }\bar{B}$ hadronic molecules are much larger than those of the (I)J^P = (0)1⁺ ${{DD}}^{* }/\bar{B}{\bar{B}}^{* }$ ones, while the (I)J^P = (1/2)1/2⁺ $\bar{D}{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{c}/\bar{D}{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{b}/B{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{c}/B{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{b}$ hadronic molecules have similar binding energies.     

NaOH对苯胺气液两相介质阻挡放电特性的影响

研究气液两相介质阻挡放电(DBD)的特性,对于深入理解其放电机理、促进其在环保等工业领域中应用具有重要意义。通过电压电流波形和Lissajous图形等电气特性诊断及发射光谱和发光图像等光学特性诊断,研究了液体成分对大气压气液两相DBD放电特性的影响。比较了苯胺和苯胺加NaOH溶液中气液两相DBD放电特性,利用实验结果计算得到放电功率和传输电荷,并结合放电理论对放电机制进行了分析。结果表明,苯胺加NaOH溶液中气液两相DBD,其放电特性与纯苯胺溶液有明显不同,相同电压下其放电电流约为纯苯胺溶液的两倍,其发光强度更强,放电功率和传输电荷更大,且在光谱特性图波长589 nm处出现Na原子谱线,NaOH的加入增加了溶液的电导率,同时促进了气相放电强度,使得放电增强。     

Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in near-infrared transitions of atomic nitrogen

We have obtained Doppler-free spectra of transitions in the → 2p²(³P) and → multiplets of atomic nitrogen using saturated absorption spectroscopy. These multiplets consist of respectively of seven and eight transitions, and have center of gravity wavelengths of 821 nm and 869 nm. Values for the hyperfine structure coupling constants of all the upper and lower states for these multiplets were obtained for both ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N. Isotope shifts of three transitions in each multiplet were also measured, and a significant J-dependence to the shifts was observed.     

Ab initio calculation of the ground and first excited states of the lithium dimer

Based on a high level ab initio calculation which is carried out with the multireference configuration interaction method under the aug-cc-pVXZ (AVXZ) basis sets, X=T, Q, 5, the accurate potential energy curves (PECs) of the ground state ${\rm{X}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{g}^{+}$ and the first excited state ${\rm{A}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{u}^{+}$ of Li₂ are constructed. By fitting the ab initio potential energy points with the Murrell–Sorbie potential function, the analytic potential energy functions (APEFs) are obtained. The molecular bond length at the equilibrium (R_e), the potential well depth (D_e), and the spectroscopic constants (B_e, ω_e, α_e, and ω_eχ_e) for the ${\rm{X}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{g}^{+}$ state and the ${\rm{A}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{u}^{+}$ state are deduced from the APEFs. The vibrational energy levels of the two electronic states are obtained by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation with the Fourier grid Hamiltonian method. All the spectroscopic constants and the vibrational levels agree well with the experimental results. The Franck–Condon factors (FCFs) corresponding to the transitions from the vibrational level (v′=0) of the ground state to the vibrational levels (v″=0–74) of the first excited state have been calculated. The FCF for the vibronic transition of ${\rm{A}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{u}^{+}$(v″=0) ←${\rm{X}}{}^{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{\Sigma }}_{g}^{+}$(v′=0) is the strongest. These PECs and corresponding spectroscopic constants provide reliable theoretical references to both the spectroscopic and the molecular dynamic studies of the Li₂ dimer.     

NaOH对苯胺气液两相介质阻挡放电特性的影响

研究气液两相介质阻挡放电(DBD)的特性,对于深入理解其放电机理、促进其在环保等工业领域中应用具有重要意义。通过电压电流波形和Lissajous图形等电气特性诊断及发射光谱和发光图像等光学特性诊断,研究了液体成分对大气压气液两相DBD放电特性的影响。比较了苯胺和苯胺加NaOH溶液中气液两相DBD放电特性,利用实验结果计算得到放电功率和传输电荷,并结合放电理论对放电机制进行了分析。结果表明,苯胺加NaOH溶液中气液两相DBD,其放电特性与纯苯胺溶液有明显不同,相同电压下其放电电流约为纯苯胺溶液的两倍,其发光强度更强,放电功率和传输电荷更大,且在光谱特性图波长589nm处出现Na原子谱线,NaOH的加入增加了溶液的电导率,同时促进了气相放电强度,使得放电增强。     

Quantum numbers of the pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{{\rm{c}}}^{+}$ via symmetry analysis

We investigate the quantum numbers of the pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{{\rm{c}}}^{+}$, which are composed of 4 (three flavors) quarks and an antiquark, by analyzing their inherent nodal structure in this paper. Assuming that the four quarks form a tetrahedron or a square, and the antiquark is at the ground state, we determine the nodeless structure of the states with orbital angular moment L≤3, and in turn, the accessible low-lying states. Since the inherent nodal structure depends only on the inherent geometric symmetry, we propose the quantum numbers J^P of the low-lying pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{c}^{+}$ may be ${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{-}$, ${\tfrac{5}{2}}^{-}$, ${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{+}$and ${\tfrac{5}{2}}^{+}$, independent of dynamical models.