PV-10压电晶体阀电源

PV-10压电晶体阀是真空送气系统中常用的流量充气阀门。要准确地控制PV-10压电晶体阀的开关状态以及阀门的开启角度才能在生产和实验中及时有效地控制真空送气量。为此，我们研发了控制PV-10压电晶体阀的专用电源。     

基于流固耦合的压缩机舌簧排气阀数值研究

针对带升程限制器的变转速活塞式压缩机排气阀,利用ANSYS软件流固耦合模块(fluid-structure interaction, FSI)建立了压缩机排气的三维流固耦合模型,得到了排气过程中流体在各个曲轴转角时的压力场、速度场和阀片位移变化曲线。研究表明：气缸内部速度和压力分布不均,阀口处变化程度最大;较小的转速会导致阀片震颤,提高转速后会减小气体波动但会增加压力损失导致阀片延迟开启和关闭,甚至过大的转速会造成排气回流降低压缩机的制冷性能;不同制冷剂对压缩机性能会产生影响。最后,结合对阀片的模态分析得出了该压缩机最佳的运行转速范围,并根据不同制冷剂下阀片的不同状态提出了解决方法。     

离心压气机稳态及过渡态轮盘侧泄漏的研究

本文面向高压比离心压气机系统开机启动及加速过程中轴承润滑油气泄漏问题,建立了包含叶轮、无叶扩压器及蜗壳、轮盘侧密封流道和管路系统的集成参数模型,并运用三维CFD模型获得了压气机各主部件及轮盘侧密封流道的气动性能。研究得到了压气机流量-压升特性曲线上的轮盘侧回流临界线和各转速下的阀门开度的最大阈值,并预测了过渡态下压气机性能及回流线与稳态的差别。研究工作为解释高速离心压气机开机启动及加速过程中轴承润滑油气泄漏提供了理论参考,同时对此类过程中压气机的流量提出了控制方案。     

LNG船用超低温截止阀的低温试验瞬态特性研究

应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对通径为DN80的LNG船用超低温截止阀低温试验状态进行了瞬态降温过程中温度的模拟与热力分析。分别对填料函温度以及阀门其他部分温度进行详细的研究分析,从而判定所设计的阀门阀颈长度是否合理,以及达到稳定状态时所需要的时间,并提出了一些建议。为超低温截止阀的结构设计提供了理论指导。     

液氧加注系统阀控瞬变危害性仿真研究

对液氧加注系统中的直流式低温截止阀进行二维模型建立,利用FLUENT动网格技术和UDF函数对液氧加注时阀门的关闭过程进行动态模拟,分析管道中低温液氧的瞬变过程,对不同关阀时间和不同加注流量下瞬变压强进行研究,结果表明:关阀所用时间越长、加注流量越小瞬变危害性越小。研究可为液氧加注系统阀门控制提供理论依据,减小低温加注时的不稳定性。     

基于拉格朗日跟踪法的波纹流道流体特性研究

采用正交实验方法考察了具有不同结构参数的三维周期波纹流道中的流体性能,并采用Webb评价方法对其进行性能评价。比较了不同波纹宽度的波纹流道的阻力因子e_f、传热因子e_Nu和能效因子η的值,结果表明三者都随Re的增大而增大,波纹宽度最小时能效因子η最大。流体在波纹流道中垂直于主流方向的横截面上产生二次流,随着Re增大,二次流增强,阻力增大,温度边界层减薄,温度等值线分布变得不均匀,传热增强。采用拉格朗日粒子跟踪技术分析了不同Re下,流体粒子在波纹流道内的运动轨迹,绘制了不同周期出口流体粒子的庞加莱截面图,结果表明流体粒子在波纹流道中被反复拉伸和折叠,增加了流体粒子的接触面积,提高混合效率,强化了传热。     

格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟弯流道中粒子的惯性迁移行为

本文发展了一个能够模拟微流场环境下粒子惯性迁移行为的三维耦合模型.该模型采用基于动理论的格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)描述流体流动,采用牛顿动力学模型描述粒子的平动和转动,采用基于LBM反弹格式的运动边界法实现流体与粒子模型的耦合.模拟了重力作用下粒子的沉降过程和Couette流条件下粒子的转动过程,通过将模拟结果与文献中的基准解进行对比定量验证了模型的可靠性.模拟了不同大小的球形粒子在环形流道中的迁移,成功复现了经典的流道截面二次流形成过程,分析了粒径大小对粒子在流道中平衡位置的影响机理.结果表明,粒子在弯流道中的平衡位置与粒径大小密切相关,小半径粒子的平衡位置靠近流道外侧而大半径粒子则靠近流道内侧.通过实验对模拟结果进行了定性验证.本模型为深入研究微流场环境下粒子的运动特性以及开发微流控粒子分选器件提供了参考依据.     

基于浸入实体法的氮气式水击泄压阀动态仿真

以氮气式水击泄压阀阀内流道流场为研究对象,运用浸入实体法模拟氮气式水击泄压阀启闭过程,建立流体域及浸入实体域三维几何模型,结合阀芯运动轨迹,建立阀芯动力学方程,针对阀芯锥面不等面积的特殊设计,分析了泄压阀在水击脉动压力作用下启闭过程中阀芯各个端面上的受力状态,同时对比分析了泄压阀在不同入口恒压和水击脉动压力作用下阀芯各个端面受力及泄放量大小的影响规律。结果表明,阀芯在启闭过程中是一个震荡过程,存在一定的不平衡受力,阀芯各端面受力不均匀,且都发生方向相反、不同幅度的震荡,阀芯圆柱面受力可忽略。     

等离子体电磁加速器中快速电磁阀气体注入特性研究

在注气持续时间短、注入气体质量大的快速电磁阀测量中,采用高频响应压力传感器在电磁阀出口测量了气体的动态压力,通过真空室注气前后的压强差测量了注入气体的质量。研究表明,驱动电流、位移限定以及背景气压对气体注入特性有显著影响。当阀片受到的电磁力远大于背景气压造成的阻力时,增大驱动电流和增大背景气压都会加速流道口气体流动,提高气体注入量;电磁阀最高流速超过当地声速,流道应该设计成扩张式,且流道的长度要求尽可能短;电磁阀的注气持续时间主要由阀片的运动时间以及阀片关闭后气体在流道内扩散速率决定的。     

阀门关闭对低温盲支管水击的影响分析

采用SINDA/FLUINT软件建立了具有盲支管的低温加注管路模型,仿真计算得到了不同阀门关闭时间、盲支管长度、阀门关闭顺序、管径下的水击压力变化情况。结果显示,阀门关闭时间越短,造成盲支管内的压力变化越剧烈,形成较大的压力峰值,容易对管路造成损坏;在低温管路处于冷态的情况下,盲支管长度对盲支管内压力峰值影响不大;某一支路阀门关闭使得该阀前压力出现变化,对另一支路压力影响不大,在整个管路形成封闭腔后,阀门关闭造成系统压力急剧变化,影响较大;管径越大,阀门关闭时的水击压力峰值越大。     

快速减压条件下液滴热动力学行为的实验研究

实验研究了快速降压过程中悬挂单水滴闪蒸/冻结过程,得到了典型条件下液滴闪蒸/冻结过程的热动力学特征,并基于实验观测结果,探讨了不凝气体对液滴闪蒸/冻结热动力学过程的影响。实验发现,起始冻结时的液滴过冷度近似为常数,而再辉温度对应于终态蒸汽分压所确定的气固相变平衡温度。这些结果有助于正确预言高真空环境中的液滴闪蒸/冻结特征。     

Structural changes in aluminum alloys upon severe plastic deformation

The structure and phase composition of Al-Zn, Al-Mg, and Al-Mg-Zn alloys were studied before and after severe plastic deformation of these alloys. The deformation was performed by high pressure torsion with true strain of ～6. It was established that, as a result of severe plastic deformation, the grains of Al and Zn and also of the β and τ phases revealed in the structure decrease significantly in size and reach nanometer scales. A supersaturated solid solution of Zn in Al decomposes completely in this case and achieves the equilibrium state corresponding to room temperature. The decomposition is less pronounced for the magnesium-containing alloys. Based on the obtained experimental data, a conclusion is drawn concerning the possible mechanisms of this process. Microhardness measurements revealed softening of the alloys as a result of the deformation, which is due to the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution.     

Augmented Kierlik-Rosinberg Fundamental Measure Functional andExtension of Fundamental Measure Functional to Inhomogeneous Non-hard Sphere Fluids

From point of view of weighted density procedure, it isguessed that a Percus-Yevick (PY) compressibility excess free energydensity, appearing in the Kierlik--Rosinberg type fundamentalmeasure functional (KR-FMF) and expressed in terms of scaledparticle variables, can be substituted by a corresponding expressiondictated by a more accurate Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland(MCSL) equation of state, while retaining the original weightingfunctions; it is numerically indicated that the resultantundesirable non-self-consistency between the PY type weightingfunction and MCSL type excess free energy density had no bad effecton the performance of the resultant augmented KR-FMF which, on theone hand, preserves the exact low-density limit of the originalKR-FMF and holds a high degree of pressure self-consistency, on theother hand, improves significantly, as expected, the predictions ofdensity profile of hard sphere fluid at single hard wall contactlocation and its vicinity, and of the bulk hard sphere second orderdirect correlation function (DCF), obtained from functionaldifferentiation. The FMF is made applicable to inhomogeneousnon-hard sphere fluids by supplementing a functional perturbationexpansion approximation truncated at the lowest order with summationof higher order terms beyond the lowest term calculated by the FMFfor an effective hard sphere fluid; the resultant extended FMF onlyneeds second order DCF and pressure of the fluid considered atcoexistence state as inputs, consequently is applicable whether theconsidered temperature is above critical point or below criticalpoint. The extended MCSL-augmented KR-FMF is found to be endowedwith an excellent performance for predictions of density profile andsurface tension by comparing the present predictions of these twoquantities with available computer simulation data for inhomogeneoushard core attractive Yukawa fluid and Lennard-Jones fluid.     

Microstructure evolution during severe plastic deformation

Radiotracer diffusion studies of severely deformed, ultra-fine grained materials have revealed the presence of ultra-fast transport paths, which include “non-equilibrium” grain boundaries and free volume. Under some experimental conditions, percolating porosity is produced even in pure copper. Micro-cracks may form in metals, if the local maximum shear stress exceeds the shear yield stress. However, their growth and propagation is postponed till late in the deformation process owing to the ductility of metals, the hydrostatic component of the stress system and/or dynamic recovery/recrystallization. In other words, crack growth and propagation is present only when the scope for further deformation is highly restricted. Using this approach, the load required for equal channel angular pressing, the change in the slope of the Hall–Petch plot with decreasing grain size and the theoretical limit for the smallest grain size attainable in a metal in a severe plastic deformation process are predicted and validated by experimental results. Experimentally successful prevention of percolated crack formation by the superposition of a hydrostatic pressure is also accounted for using this model.     

板状燃料组件流道部分堵塞的安全边界研究

为掌握板状燃料组件内多个流道堵塞下的流动换热特性,获得流动堵塞致传热恶化的触发边界,以提高板状燃料反应堆的运行安全性,以典型板状燃料堆JRR-3M的标准燃料组件为对象,基于定性分析将流道堵塞事故分为非相邻流道堵塞与相邻流道堵塞两类,采用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS Fluent对两类流道堵塞事故下的流动换热特性进行模拟。模拟结果表明:非相邻流道完全堵塞或相邻流道最大堵塞率低于35%,流道内不会发生局部沸腾且燃料最高温度低于许用温度。基于上述结果,可确定JRR-3M反应堆在堵流事故下的安全运行边界。     

水流动强化天然气水合物降压分解研究

降压法被认为是最经济可行的天然气水合物开采方法,但开采后期驱动力不足、甚至产生水合物的二次生成,因此其应用受到限制。本文将降压法与水流动结合提升水合物分解驱动力,研究不同降压模式和水流动对天然气水合物分解特性的影响。发现当降压结合水流动时,压降为水合物分解提供初始驱动力,且压降越大水合物分解驱动力越大。同时水流动能够加快传热传质过程,为水合物分解提供额外的驱动力。在快速降压结合水流动模式中,较高背压下水流动为水合物分解提供主要的驱动力;在梯度降压结合水流动模式中,降压和水流动共同为水合物提供分解驱动力,对水合物分解的促进作用更加显著。     

An X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the local atomic structure in Cu–Ni–Si alloy after severe plastic deformation and ageing

The local atomic structure of Cu–Ni–Si alloy after severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing and the decomposition of supersaturated solid solution upon annealing were investigated by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The coordination number and interatomic distances were obtained by analyzing experimental extend X-ray absorption fine structure data collected at the Ni K-edge. Results indicate that the environment of Ni atoms in Cu–Ni–Si alloy is strongly influenced by the deformation process. Moreover, ageing at 973 K affects strongly the atomic structure around the Ni atoms in Cu–Ni–Si deformed by equal channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion. This influence is discussed in terms of changes and decomposition features of the Cu–Ni–Si solid solution.     

Experimental analysis on MR fluid channel flow dynamics with complex fluid-wall interactions

MR fluid plugging performance by aggregation of magnetized particles in MR fluid is recently expected to be one of the most promising applications in medical or safety devices, such as blood flow control, steam issuing shut-down valve and fuel supply control for automobile. In this study, dynamic response of MR fluid plugging and its breakdown in a pressure mode with complex fluid-wall interactions was experimentally investigated, considering the effects of magnetic flux density, wall surface structure, wall permeability and wall elasticity of tube. Higher endurance pressure is obtained for wall surface groove structure and for steel wall due to a strong anchoring effect by rigid cluster formation in a concave region and strong MR fluid column formation in a channel core region, respectively. Furthermore, MR fluid plugging performance and the fluid storage characteristic of PVA tube as a bio-material was clarified. Because of the large radial expansion of the tube at the applied magnetic region in a pressure mode, PVA tube shows unique characteristics, such as storing MR fluid under magnetic field and MR fluid jet issuing under releasing magnetic field.     

Performance of a Single-Family Heat Pump at Different Working Conditions Using Small Quantity of Propane as Refrigerant

The performance of a domestic heat pump that uses a low quantity of propane as refrigerant has been experimentally investigated. The heat pump consists of two minichannel aluminium heat exchangers, a scroll compressor, and an electronic expansion valve. It was charged with the minimum amount of refrigerant propane required for the stable operation of the heat pump without permitting refrigerant vapor into the expansion valve at incoming heat source fluid temperature to the evaporator of +10°C. The inlet temperature of the heat source fluid passing through the evaporator was varied from +10°C to ?10°C while holding the condensing temperature constant at 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively. The minimum refrigerant charges required at above-tested condensing temperatures were found to decrease when the condensing temperature increased and were recorded as 230 g, 224 g, 215 g, and 205 g, respectively. The results confirm that a heat pump with 5 kW capacity can be designed with less than 200 g charge of refrigerant propane in the system. Due to the high solubility of propane in compressor lubrication oil, the amount of refrigerant which may escape rapidly in case of accident or leakage is less than 150 g.