大气压下多脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电的研究

基于一维流体力学模型，数值计算研究了大气压下氦气中多脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电的形成原因和性质，分析讨论了所加电压频率、幅值及介质板性质等对多脉冲均匀放电的影响. 模拟结果显示，当放电间隙较小时，由于介质表面积累电荷增加，感应电场增强，在外加电压的每半个周期内，可以形成多个放电脉冲，这些脉冲相应于等时间间隔的分立击穿. 放电间隙越窄，半个周期内形成的脉冲数目越多. 所加电压频率和幅值的变化不仅影响脉冲的幅度，同时也使放电脉冲的数目发生变化，而介质层厚度及介电常数的变化对放电脉冲数目没有明显的影响. 关键词： 大气压均匀放电 介质阻挡放电 数值模拟 等离子体     

介质阻挡均匀大气压氮气放电特性研究

基于一维流体力学模型，对介质阻挡均匀大气压氮气放电特性进行了数值计算研究.模型中考虑了氮气中主要的电离、激发过程，所包含的粒子种类为e，N₂，N⁺₂，N⁺₄，N₂(a¹∑^-_u)，N₂(A³∑⁺_u).模拟结果显示，氮中的放电具有低气压下汤生放电的特性.放电电流幅度较小，放电过程中气体电压变化缓慢，电子密度远低于离子密度，而且最大值出现在阳极，电子不能在放电间隙中被俘获，不存在中性等离子体区，气体中的电场趋于线性变化.亚稳态N₂(A³∑⁺_u)和N₂(a¹∑⁺_u)在整个放电空间都具有非常高的密度，比电子密度高三个量级以上，亚稳态密度的最大值出现在阳极，这样的分布决定了放电的空间结构.放电所需的种子电子主要由亚稳态之间潘宁电离提供，这种机理使放电的电离水平较低，导致氮气中的放电只能是汤生放电.随着放电参数的变化，多电流峰放电也可在氮气中获得. 关键词： 大气压均匀放电 介质阻挡放电 数值模拟 氮气     

大气压Ar／NH3介质阻挡辉光放电的仿真研究

为了研究火气压下氩气（Ar）中掺杂氨气（NH3）的Ar／NH3介质阻挡辉光放电的放电机理,通过建立一‘个多粒子的自洽耦合流体模型,采用有限元方法进行数值计算,得到了气体间隙压降、介质表面电荷密度、放电电流密度随时间的周期变化波形,以及带电粒子、中性粒子与空间电场强度的时空分布．仿真计算结果表明：气体间隙的周期击穿过程主要由气隙电压控制,并受气隙两侧介质极板上积聚的表面电荷的影响．气隙间带电粒子密度和电场强度的时空分布表明本文的放电过程存在阴极位降区、负辉区、法拉第暗区、等离子体正柱区等辉光放电的典型区域,放电模式为大气压辉光放电．在Ar/NH3等离子体中,主要的正离子为NH＋,其次为Ar2＋,主要的负离子为NHi：NH3分解产生的主要的激发态分子为NH,NH2和N2H3,而最终的稳态产物主要是N2和H2．     

大气压介质阻挡辉光放电中放电电流的测量与分析

介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体具有广泛的应用前景而成为研究热点。文章利用平行平板介质阻挡放电装置,在流动的氦气中实现了大气压均匀辉光放电,得到了大气压下的均匀等离子体。利用电学方法将放电电流从总电流中分离出来,从而得到了辉光放电的放电电流。通过分析放电电流、外加电压、气隙上电压以及壁电荷电量之间的相互关系,可以研究气体放电过程中壁电荷积累的微观动力学行为。实验结果表明壁电荷主要是在放电电流脉冲持续期间积累的,但电流脉冲结束后,由于气隙电压没有改变极性,壁电荷还会逐渐积累,气隙电压改变极性后,壁电荷量随时间减小。这些结果对壁电荷在介质阻挡辉光放电中作用的深入研究和大气压介质阻挡辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

大气压氩气介质阻挡辉光放电的一维仿真研究

为了研究氩气(Ar)中介质阻挡大气压辉光放电(APGD)的放电机理, 通过建立一个一维的多粒子自洽耦合流体模型, 采用有限元方法进行数值计算, 得到了气体间隙压降、介质表面电荷密度、放电电流密度随时间的周期变化波形, 以及电子、离子、亚稳态粒子密度和空间电场强度的时空分布. 仿真计算结果表明：介质表面积聚的电荷对于放电的过程的起始及熄灭具有重要作用;当增大外施电压时, 放电击穿时刻提前, 放电电流密度和介质表面电荷密度峰值增大, 表明放电过程更加剧烈;随着阻挡介质相对介电常数的增大, 放电电流密度也随之增大. 各粒子密度及电场的时空分布表明放电过程在外施电压半个周期中只有一次放电, 且存在明显的阴极位降区、负辉区、等离子体正柱区等辉光放电的典型区域, 为大气压辉光放电(APGD).     

大气压介质阻挡放电的光谱研究

使用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,分别在大气压空气和氦气中实现了稳定的高气压放电。通过水电极观察两种气体的放电,发现大气压空气中放电为空间随机分布的微放电丝,等离子体是不均匀的,而在氦气中放电没有微放电丝,空间分布比较均匀。比较而言,这种均匀放电产生的等离子体具有更广泛的工业应用前景。对两种气体中放电的电流波形进行了比较,发现空气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上是随机出现的而氦气中放电的电流脉冲在时间上具有周期性,并且空气中放电脉冲宽度约为几十ns而氦气中放电的电流持续时间较长,脉冲宽度大约为1μs。文章还对两种气体中介质阻挡放电发射光谱进行了研究,结果表明大气压氦气中均匀放电的N+₂(B2Σ+_u→X2Σ+_g)谱线391.4nm很强而在大气压空气放电中此光谱线很弱。这些研究结果对高气压条件下均匀放电的实现和大气压辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

大气压介质阻挡丝状放电时空演化数值模拟

通过数值求解二维流体方程，在均匀的初始条件下研究了大气压丝状放电的整体时空演化.通过模拟可以发现，在丝状放电的时空演化过程中，各条放电通道在不同位置相继发生击穿，且放电通道有遍历整个放电空间的趋势.在一定条件下，放电通道还会发生分裂与合并现象，其中放电通道的分裂导致了放电空间中放电通道的增加，而放电通道的合并则提供了一条放电空间中放电通道减少的途径.研究还表明，介质表面电荷是影响丝状放电整体时空演化的关键因素之一. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 丝状放电 数值模拟 时空演化     

大气压介质阻挡射流放电离子速度分布的测量

通过测量大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体辐射信号,建立偶极子辐射模型,利用快速傅立叶变换,计算了大气压介质阻挡放电等离子体中离子速度分布。计算结果表明,速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,并且随着放电过程的进行,离子速度及相对离子数进行有规律的变化。     

大气压射流等离子体放电特性及其灭菌效果

介绍了一种同轴电极的射流等离子体发生装置,可以直接在大气中将生成的氦气辉光放电射流等离子体喷出进行杀菌消毒,无需反应容器和真空系统,并从电压、频率、流速等方面讨论了该同轴等离子体发生器的放电特性。在稳定的放电条件下,利用实验装置进行了大气压下的等离子体灭菌实验,验证了本装置在等离子体灭菌应用上的可行性和易操作性。灭菌结果表明：在最初的2 min内,细菌减小趋势明显,3 min后细菌几乎全部消亡。     

实验研究大气压多脉冲辉光放电的模式和机理

采用稍不平行电极进行大气压He气介质阻挡多脉冲辉光放电实验,通过增强电子耦合器件相机短时曝光照片,研究大气压多脉冲辉光放电在不同时刻的放电模式.通过气隙放电电流、表面电荷计算,理论分析了表面电荷、空间电荷、外加电压与气隙电场强度的关系,研究大气压辉光放电形成多脉冲的机理.实验结果表明,放电首先在间隙稍窄的电极左端开始;在第一个脉冲电流峰值,电极右端也开始放电;第一个电流脉冲经历了Townsend放电到辉光放电的过程;电流脉冲之间的时间内,间隙一直维持着微弱的辉光放电;随后的每个电流脉冲均是辉光放电.理论分析表明,大气压辉光放电的多个电流脉冲是表面电荷、空间电荷与外加电压共同演化的结果;除放电伊始出现Townsend放电外,同一半周期内的放电电流脉冲中不会再出现Townsend放电.     

Numerical studies of atmospheric pressure glow discharge controlled by a dielectric barrier between two coaxial electrodes

The glow discharge in pure helium at atmospheric pressure, controlled by a dielectric barrier between coaxial electrodes, is investigated based on a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. By solving the continuity equations for electrons, ions, and excited atoms, with the current conservation equation and the electric field profile, the time evolution of the discharge current, gas voltage and the surface density of charged particles on the dielectric barrier are calculated. The simulation results show that the peak values of the discharge current, gas voltage and electric field in the first half period are asymmetric to the second half. When the current reaches its positive or negative maximum, the electric field profile, and the electron and ion densities represent similar properties to the typical glow discharge at low pressures. Obviously there exist a cathode fall, a negative glow region, and a positive column. Effects of the barrier position in between the two coaxial electrodes and the discharge gap width on discharge current characteristics are also analysed. The result indicates that, in the case when the dielectric covering the outer electrode only, the gas is punctured earlier during the former half period and later during the latter half period than other cases, also the current peak value is higher, and the difference of pulse width between the two half periods is more obvious. On reducing the gap width, the multiple current pulse discharge happens.     

Simulation of radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge in γ mode

The existence of two diffe1：ent discharge modes has been verified in an rf （radio-frequency） atmospheric pressure glow discharge （APGD） by Shi [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 023306 （2005）]. In the first mode, referred to as a mode, the discharge current density is relatively low and the bulk plasma electrons acquire the energy due to the sheath expansion. In the second mode, termed γ mode, the discharge current density is relatively high, the secondary electrons emitted by cathodc under ion bombardment in the cathode sheath region play an important role in sustaining the discharge. In this paper, a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model for rf APGDs is used to simulate the discharge mechanisms in the mode in helium discharge between two parallel metallic planar electrodes. The results show that as the applied voltage increases, the discharge current becomes greater and the plasma density correspondingly increases, consequentially the discharge transits from the a mode into the γ mode. The high collisionality of the APGD plasma results in significant drop of discharge potential across the sheath region, and the electron Joule heating and the electron collisional energy loss reach their maxima in the region. The validity of the simulation is checked with the available experimental and numerical data.     

Characterizing uniform discharge in atmospheric helium by numerical modelling

One-dimensional fluid model of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in helium at atmospheric pressure was established and the discharge was numerically simulated. It was found that not only the spatial distributions of the internal parameters such as the electric field, the electron density and ion density are similar to those in a low-pressure glow discharge, but also the visually apparent attribute (light emission) is exactly the same as the observable feature of a low-pressure glow discharge. This confirms that the uniform DBD in atmospheric helium is a glow type discharge. The fact that the thickness of the cathode fall layer is about 0.5mm, much longer than that of a normal glow discharge in helium at atmospheric pressure, indicates the discharge being a sub-normal glow discharge close to normal one. The multipulse phenomenon was reproduced in the simulation and a much less complicated explanation for this phenomenon was given.     

Simulation of transition from Townsend mode to glow discharge mode in a helium dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure

The dielectric barrier discharge characteristics in helium at atmospheric pressure are simulated based on a one-dimensional fluid model. Under some discharge conditions, the results show that one discharge pulse per half voltage cycle usually appears when the amplitude of external voltage is low, while a glow-like discharge occurs at high voltage. For the one discharge pulse per half voltage cycle, the maximum of electron density appears near the anode at the beginning of the discharge, which corresponds to a Townsend discharge mode. The maxima of the electron density and the intensity of electric field appear in the vicinity of the cathode when the discharge current increases to some extent, which indicates the formation of a cathode-fall region. Therefore, the discharge has a transition from the Townsend mode to the glow discharge mode during one discharge pulse, which is consistent with previous experimental results.     

大气压辉光放电研究现状及应用前景

大气压辉光放电由于均匀性好、能量效率高并且不需要真空系统，正日益受到人们重视和研究．文章综述了大气压辉光放电的研究进展，包括实验条件、放电特征、放电机理以及最新的诊断方法，还介绍它在薄膜沉积、材料表面改性、污染物质的消毒去污等方面的应用前景．     

空气中大气压下均匀辉光放电的可能性

利用介质阻挡电极结构,对101325×105Pa气压下空气间隙中的放电进行了实验研究,数值模拟计算了实验条件下电子雪崩的发展过程.结果表明:对于长度不大于2mm的空气间隙,可能实现辉光放电.对于长度不小于5mm的空气间隙,如果不能设法降低放电场强,放电必然是流注形式,不可能实现辉光放电.另外,实验结果未能验证“离子捕获”机理降低放电场强而实现辉光放电的正确性 关键词： 大气压辉光放电 电子雪崩 流注     

Synthesis of nanoparticles in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge

Nanopowders are produced in a low temperature, non-equilibrium plasma jet (APPJ), which produces a glow discharge at atmospheric pressure, for the first time. Amorphous carbon and iron nanoparticles have been synthesized from Acetylene and Ferrocene/H₂, respectively. High generation rates are achieved from the glow discharge at near-ambient temperature (40–80°C), and rise with increasing plasma power and precursor concentration. Fairly narrow particle size distributions are measured with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an aerosol electrometer (AEM), and are centered around 30–35 nm for carbon and 20–25 nm for iron. Particle characteristics analyzed by TEM and EDX reveal amorphous carbon and iron nanoparticles. The Fe particles are highly oxidized on exposure to air. Comparison of the mobility and micrograph diameters reveal that the particles are hardly agglomerated or unagglomerated. This is ascribed to the unipolar charge on particles in the plasma. The generated particle distributions are examined as a function of process parameters.