常幅载荷下结构元件断裂可靠度估算的应力强度因子模型

给出了一个估算结构元件疲劳可靠度的应力强度因子模型,系统阐述了元件在常幅载荷下疲劳可靠性的分析方法。该模型研究了常幅载荷作用下材料瞬时裂纹长度和应力强度因子的分布形式,建立了应力强度因子与断裂韧性之间的干涉关系。对7075-T7351铝合金中心裂纹试件试验数据分析的结果表明：裂纹的瞬时扩展长度和可靠度的预测结果均与试验结果符合很好,本文给出的基于应力强度因子的可靠性分析模型是合理的。     

A solution for the vertical variation of stress,rather than velocity,in a three-dimensional circulation model

A simple technique is presented that allows a numerical solution to be sought for the vertical variation of shear stress as a substitute for the vertical variation of velocity in a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. In its most general form the direct stress solution (DSS) method depends only upon the validity of an eddy viscosity relation between the shear stress and the vertical gradient of velocity. The rationale for preferring a numerical solution for shear stress to one for velocity is that shear stress tends to vary more slowly over the vertical than velocity, particularly near boundaries. Consequently, a numerical solution can be obtained much more efficiently for shear stress than for velocity. When needed, the velocity profile can be recovered from the stress profile by solving a one-dimensional integral equation over the vertical. For most practical problems this equation can be solved in closed form. Comparisons are presented between the DSS technique, the standard velocity solution technique and analytical solutions for wind-driven circulation in an unstratified, closed, rectangular channel governed by the linear equations of motion. In no case was the computational effort required by the velocity solution competitive with the DSS when a physically realistic boundary layer was included. The DSS technique should be particularly beneficial in numerical models of relatively shallow water bodies in which the bottom and surface boundary layers occupy a significant portion of the water column.     

Extrusion of pastes with a piston extruder for the determination of the local solid and fluid concentration, the local porosity and saturation and displacement profiles by means of NMR imaging

 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the extrusion behaviour of PTFE pastes in a ram extruder. By means of ¹H-NMR imaging (MRI) it is possible to determine the local proton density and therefore, the local fluid concentration. The ¹⁹F-MRI provides the local solid concentration. Thus the local saturation and the local porosity can be calculated with the information of the local fluid and solid concentration. Furthermore displacement profiles can be derived from NMR images by means of correlation techniques without any preparation or marking of the pastes. Received: 8 May 2000   Accepted: 1 May 2001