空泡流非稳态现象的流动控制

处于跨临界阶段的空泡流必然导致强烈的周期性冲击和振动,空泡流的激振来源于空泡云的周期性大规模脱落,空泡云的形成和发展与流动的边界层效应有着强烈的相关性,且空泡末端的局部流动直接影响空泡流的整体稳定性,本试验在NACA16012水翼表面粘附一条展向1mm厚10mm宽的挡流条,尝试以干扰水翼上表面局部流动的方法来影响整个空泡流的形态及其流动稳定性,最终在一定的空泡数范围内抑制了空泡流激振现象,并从试验研究的角度探索了空泡云脱落的机理。     

气藏压裂水平井非稳态流动分析

应用Green函数和Newman积原理,建立了压裂水平井与气藏耦合的非稳态流动模型,并给出求解方法。所建立的模型可应用多种约束条件,考虑了井筒压降和加速度的影响,并适用于各向异性气藏。实例计算表明：水平井在早期非稳态阶段的流量比拟稳态阶段大得多。早期非稳态流动阶段,各条裂缝之间未发生干扰,流量的大小与裂缝条数成正比例关...     

非稳态分数阶Oldroyd-B流体绕楔形体流动研究

研究了非稳态分数阶Oldroyd-B流体在多孔介质中通过楔形拉伸板的驻点流动问题。基于分数阶Oldroyd-B流体的本构模型建立了动量方程,并在其中引入了浮升力和驻点流动特征。此外,考虑了具有热松弛延迟时间的修正的分数阶Fourier定律,并将其应用于能量方程和对流换热边界条件。接着,采用与L1算法相结合的有限差分法求解控制偏微分方程。最后,分析了相关物理参数对流动的影响。结果表明,随着楔角参数的增加,流体受到的浮升力增大,导致速度加快;达西数越大,介质的孔隙度变大,流体的流动越快;此外,温度分布先略有上升后明显下降,这表明Oldroyd-B流体具有热延迟特性。     

确定在体皮肤能量耗散数的方法

本文描述了激励、检测在体皮肤谐振频率的方法。根据幅频曲线计算出皮肤的能量耗散数。获得了不同年龄的皮肤耗散数。对皮肤受乳膏和酒精处理后,利用该法对能量耗散数的影响也进行了评价。     

涡轮增压器离心压气机非稳态工况流场分析

利用商用 CFD 软件对一小型车用离心压气机建立了数值模型,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比:稳态的设计转速最高压比相差不超过 0.5%,最高效率相差不超过1.5%;非稳态模拟和实验得到的失速频率均为 3000Hz,模拟结果真实可信.主要利用设计转速下小流量工况时的非稳态数值模拟结果对喘振发生前离心压气机各部件的非稳态流动特点进行了详尽阐述.研究结果表明:小流量工况时离心压气机各部件均出现非稳态流动现象,这种非稳态效应在各部件中表现出不同的特点,且随着流量的减小这种非稳态效应会不断加剧.     

基于能量耗散的岩石脆性评价方法

脆性评价是页岩气钻井以及压裂工艺设计的重要环节.然而,现今对于脆性的定义十分模糊,且脆性评价的方法没有成熟的理论作为支撑.本文以岩石应力应变关系为基础,采用能量法来进行储层岩石脆性评价.根据断裂力学裂纹尖端的非线性场理论,以前端区作为尖端特殊的屏蔽构型,来描述储层岩石在断裂过程中能量的耗散. 通过计算本征内聚力与前端区稳态阻力比值来表征储层岩石的脆性指数. 研究表明,能量耗散相对越大,岩石的脆性指数越低,其塑性特征表现得越明显. 基于能量耗散的储层岩石脆性评价是分析岩石力学特性的重要内容,也为压裂选层提供了重要依据.     

非稳态流动的隐式最小二乘等几何方法

对非稳态粘性不可压流动问题提出了一种隐式最小二乘等几何计算方法。该方法先用隐式的向后多步差分格式对Navier-Stokes方程进行时间离散,再用Newton法线性化对流项,最后在每个时间步上用最小二乘等几何方法进行求解。根据该算法编制了计算程序,通过构造解析解的方法验证了程序的正确性,用该程序求解了雷诺数为5000时的非稳态二维顶盖驱动流问题,计算结果捕捉到了流动过程中涡的演化过程,表明本文方法可用于非稳态流动的求解。     

砂岩破坏特性与能量耗散的试验研究1)

通过三轴卸荷试验,探究了不同路径下卸荷速率对砂岩力学特性及破坏过程中的能量耗散的影响。试验结果表明在全过程应力-应变曲线的弹性阶段,轴向变形起主导作用,弹塑性阶段,环向应变的增加值大于轴向应变增加值。在围压卸荷阶段,卸荷速率越小,卸荷阶段的应变折合柔度越大,此时岩样的变形不充分,呈现明显的脆性破坏。恒主应力差路径下的耗散能大于恒轴压路径下的耗散能的35%,卸荷速率越大,岩样的弹性应变能越小。     

钢丝绳隔振器系统三向稳态响应的等效线性化分析

针对钢丝绳隔振器非线性系统稳态响应求解方法耗时较长、分析效率较低的问题,本文建立了钢丝绳隔振器-质量块非线性系统的三向动力学模型,分析了量纲归一化Bouc-Wen模型极限环耗散能量,提出了钢丝绳隔振器三向稳态系统频率响应特性的等效线性化方法,并通过数值仿真和多谐波平衡法进行了有效性验证.结果表明:拉压、剪切及横滚三个承载方向,等效线性化、数值仿真和多谐波平衡法所得含钢丝绳隔振器非线性系统的稳态响应曲线一致,验证了等效线性化分析其系统稳态响应的有效性和准确性;等效线性化计算耗时最少,分析速度远远高于数值仿真和多谐波平衡法,能够显著提高非线性隔振系统的设计效率.     

关于轻敲式原子力显微镜动力学系统中能量耗散的研究

原子力显微镜是一种典型的微纳谐振器,其核心部件是一个对微弱力极敏感的微悬臂梁探针,当它在不同的环境工作时,存在着各种不同形式、不同性质的能量耗散,这些能量耗散与系统的相位图像有着密切的联系.在众多的耗散机制中,只有针尖与样品的黏附接触耗散才能真正反映样品的性质,其他耗散会降低黏附接触耗散在系统总耗散中的占比,使得图像中的有效信息被削弱.因而,明确其他耗散对系统品质因数的量级贡献是十分重要的,这有助于提高图像的品质.为了研究这些耗散,本文根据耗散机理产生的原因对不同的能量耗散进行了细致的分类,系统总结了各种能量耗散的类型.之后,通过理论、实验和仿真的方法探究了在不同环境下、不同位置处微悬臂梁探针的能量耗散,明确了不同耗散对系统品质因数的量级贡献.然后,对于不同流体环境下的能量耗散,对比了它们的作用机理及量级大小.最后,对于在大气环境下工作的原子力显微镜探针,研究了它在振动过程中从高于样品表面到下降并接触样品这一连续过程中不同阶段存在的能量耗散,分析表明,在这些能量耗散中对系统品质因数影响最大的是由空气引起的耗散,包括空气黏性阻尼,压膜阻尼及液桥耗散.     

Large injection rates on unsteady compressible boundary layer flow over cones at angles of attack

Summary Three-dimensional unsteady laminar boundary layer near the planes of symmetry of sharp cones at angles of attack subject to large rates of injection is obtained numerically by using an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique. Several model gases are considered with Mach numbers, wall-to-total-enthalpy ratios, and cross-flow parameters spanning the ranges of main engineering interest. A detailed study has been made of the solutions in the symmetry plane, in order to increase the understanding of the problem. Various cases are considered, when the free-stream velocity and the surface mass transfer (injection) vary arbitrarily with time. The effects of viscous dissipation and the cross-flow parameter have also been discussed.This research has been partially supported by the Research and Development Centre for Iron and Steel, Steel Authority of India Ltd. The constructive comments of Professor G. Nath and Professor A. K. Lahiri are sincerely appreciated.     

运动激波扫过运动平板的非定常传热问题

本文研究运动激波扫过平板边界层后边界层随时间的演化。首先将霍华斯变换推广到非定常情形并引入相似参数将非定常问题化为有两个前缘的边界层问题。这时抛物型方程是奇异的。在激波附近用奇异摄动法求出级数解,然后用逆风格式数值积分将解延拓到平板前缘。     

Effects of Viscous Dissipation on Unsteady Free Convection in a Fluid Past a Vertical Plate Immersed in a Porous Medium

The effects of viscous dissipation on unsteady free convection from an isothermal vertical flat plate in a fluid saturated porous medium are examined numerically. The Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model is employed to describe the flow field. A new model of viscous dissipation is used for the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model of porous media. The simultaneous development of the momentum and thermal boundary layers are obtained by using a finite difference method. Boundary layer and Boussinesq approximation have been incorporated. Numerical calculations are carried out for various parameters entering into the problem. Velocity and temperature profiles as well as local friction factor and local Nusselt number are shown graphically. It is found that as time approaches infinity, the values of friction factor and heat transfer coefficient approach steady state.     

The Interaction between a Compressible Synthetic Jet and a Laminar Hypersonic Boundary Layer

Numerical simulations have been performed of a synthetic jet interacting with a laminar hypersonic boundary layer. Two datum cases were also considered, no jet and steady jet. The simulations for the case of no jet are in agreement with available experimental data. Predicted flow features of the steady jet interaction are broadly consistent with previous studies. For the synthetic jet, the upstream and downstream separated regions are dramatically reduced in size, and the jet appears to lie closer to the surface, compared with the steady jet. It is also found that the synthetic jet induces a greater mixing rate than the steady jet. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Criticality and transition for a steady reactive plane couette flow of a viscous fluid

Numerical integration is used to determine critical and transitional values of parameters for steady, reactive, viscous, one dimensional plane Couette flow of an incompressible, homogeneous fluid of third-grade with the lower plate at rest while the upper is in uniform motion. The solutions are found for the following cases: (i) Bimolecular (ii) Arrhenius and (iii) Sensitized temperature dependence. Specifically, it is shown that the parameter Λ controlling the non-Newtonian fluid does not affect the flow velocity in any sense while the influence on the viscous dissipation parameter Γ is examined. The results obtained are then compared with similar results in the literature.     

Global volume conservation in unsteady free surface flows with energy absorbing far‐end boundaries

A wave absorption filter for the far‐end boundary of semi‐infinite large reservoirs is developed for numerical simulation of unsteady free surface flows. Mathematical model is based on finite volume solution of the Navier–Stokes equations and depth‐integrated continuity equation to track the free surface. The Sommerfeld boundary condition is applied at the far‐end of the truncated computational domain. A dissipation zone is formed by applying artificial pressure on water surface to dissipate the kinetic energy of the outgoing waves. The computational scheme is tested to verify the conservation of total fluid volume in the domain for long simulation durations. Combination of the Sommerfeld boundary and dissipation zone can effectively minimize reflections and prevent cumulative changes in total fluid volume in the domain. Solitary wave, nonlinear periodic waves and irregular waves are simulated to illustrate the numerical developments. Earthquake excited surface waves and nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures in a dam–reservoir are computed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当地DFD方法在扑翼流动数值模拟中的应用

应用当地DFD（Domain-Free Discretization）方法对包含复杂运动边界的扑翼流场进行了数值模拟。该方法通过壁面法线方向的外插确定外部相关点上的流动变量值,同时强加相应的边界条件。应用这种方法,动边界流动的模拟可以在固定网格上实现,无需为了跟随物体的运动而在每个时间步上对网格进行实时更新。对三种拍动模式的双翅流场进行了数值模拟,升、阻力系数时间历程的计算结果与参考文献的实验数据吻合很好,验证了当地DFD方法处理复杂动边界问题的可靠性。最后,数值模拟了完整昆虫模型的扑翼流场,并详细分析了涡系结构和飞行机理。     

Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Transitional Flows in Turbomachinery Components Based on a RANS Approach

This paper presents results of the numerical simulation of periodically unsteady flows with focus on turbomachinery applications. The unsteady CFD solver used for the simulations is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical scheme applies an extended version of the Spalart–Allmaras one-equation turbulence model coupled with a transition correlation. The first example of validation consists of boundary layer flow with separation bubble on a flat plate, both under steady and periodically unsteady main flow conditions. The investigation includes a variation of the major parameters Strouhal number, amplitude, and Reynolds number. The second, more complex test case consists of the flow through a cascade of turbine blades which is influenced by wakes periodically passing over the cascade. The computations were carried out for two different blade loadings. The results of the numerical simulations are discussed and compared with experimental data in detail. Special emphasis is given to the investigation of boundary layers with regard to transition, separation and reattachment under the influence of main flow unsteadiness. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水垫塘三元流态及消能特征的数值和实验研究

采用数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法对水利工程中高拱坝泄洪水垫塘三元流场进行研究．获得了详细的流态特征，得到了水垫塘三元典型流态概化图．研究了水垫塘消能特性，并据此将塘内水体划分为剪切消能区、撞击消能区和混掺消能区．计算和实验所得的速度场及底板最大冲击动压相比较，二者基本一致．