软X射线多层膜色散元件

介绍研制软Ｘ射线多层膜色散元件的初步结果，结合Ｍ０／Ｓ１、Ｓ／Ｓ１色散元件的研制实例，讨论了包括设计、性能模拟计算、镀膜工艺、检测等在内的制备过程，这些元件将在Ｘ射线光学和Ｘ射线光谱学的有关研究工作中得到应用。     

软X射线多层膜反射式偏振光学元件设计

叙述了软X射线波段反射式多层膜起偏器和检偏器的设计原则和设计方法,计算了不同波段软X射线反射式多层膜起偏器和检偏器的性能,讨论了多层膜制作过程中,表界面误差(表面粗糙度和扩散)对起偏器和检偏器性能的影响,探讨了光谱分辨率对偏振元件测试过程的影响,这些设计、计算和分析为制作实用软X射线多层膜偏振光学元件提供了理论基础。     

同步辐射软X射线源用于软X射线探测元件定标

用于惯性约束聚变诊断的软Ｘ射线探测元器件的能量响应曲线定标，利用北京同步辐射装置（BSRF-3B1束线，束流为20—80mA，光子能量为250—1000eV,通量约为10¹²photon/s·mm²·mr²·0.1%band width）及反射率计靶室，采用AXUV-100硅光二极管作源强绝对监测．对X射线二极管（XRD）及金刚石光电导探测器等五种探测元件进行能量响应曲线定标，获得初步实验结果，并对数据进行了分析 关键词：     

X射线全息术

本文介绍了Ｘ射线全息术的工作原理和进展状况，详细地论述了与Ｘ射线全息术有关的Ｘ射线光学、Ｘ射线光学元件和Ｘ射线源的特性，并讨论了Ｘ射线全息实验的要求和记录方式，最后着重探讨了包括记录过程和重现过程中影响Ｘ射线全息术分辨率的各种因素。     

软X射线多层膜及多层膜光栅的研究进展

对目前的几种软Ｘ射线光学元件的性能作了简要的阐述和分析。综合介绍了多层膜作为软Ｘ射线光学元件的新进展。同时对多层膜光栅这种新型软Ｘ射线光学元件的原理、性能、制作工艺进行了详细的说明。     

X射线光学进展

Ｘ射线光学的发展，有利于Ｘ射线分析技术的进一步发展，进而提高人们的认识水平。本从Ｘ射线光源、光学元件和应用领域几方面来概述Ｘ射线光学的最新进展。     

X射线毛细管及其应用

介绍了Ｘ射线毛细管光学元件的原理、特征和类型及其在蛋白质晶体学、微束衍射、微束光谱等方面应用新进展。     

软X射线光学和周期性多层膜

本文介绍了软Ｘ射线的基本性质，它们和可见光及Ｘ射线的性质有很大的差异．这些性质决定了软Ｘ射线光学元件的特殊性．过去发展的软Ｘ射线光学元件不够理想，影响了软Ｘ射线光学的发展．近十年来发展的由轻、重元素组成的周期性多层膜使局面大为改观．多层膜的结构研究有助于指明提高多层膜质量的方向．     

同步辐射软X射线多层膜反射偏振元件研究

利用多靶磁控溅射方法分别镀制了W/C和Mo/Si两种周期性结构多层膜。通过对其相关参数周期数、厚度比以及周期厚度的调整,使薄膜的布拉格衍射峰出现在布儒斯特角附近,两种多层膜的应用能量范围分别落于C的近K边处和Si的L边前。在北京同步辐射装置3W1B光束线的软X射线光学实验站上进行了反射率的测量,得到W/C膜的反射率在214eV时达到4.18%;Mo/Si周期性多层膜的反射率在89eV处达到32.3%。根据测量结果,分析了在同步辐射装置作为偏振元件的可行性     

基于多层膜偏振元件的同步辐射光束线偏振特性测量研究

利用自行研制的同步辐射软X射线多层膜综合偏振测量装置, 对北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线的偏振特性进行了系统的研究. 给出了多层膜偏振元件起偏前后的测量结果, 测量能量为206eV时, 经反射镜、光栅等光束线光学元件后输出的线偏振度(起偏前)为0.585, 经多层膜偏振元件起偏后输出光的 线偏振度达到0.995.     

圆斯托克斯向量和椭圆斯托克斯向量

随着选取不同的基态,斯托克斯向量应该分成线的、圆的和椭圆的斯托克斯向量三大类。本文对圆斯托克斯向量和椭圆斯托克斯向量作了定义,推导了各类斯托克斯向量相互间的换算公式,并讨论了偏振光学元件的各种穆勒矩阵以及相互间的关系。     

界面反射偏振象差分析

在光学没计中,一般认为在同一光波面上,光束具有相同的振幅和偏振状态。事实上,光束经过许多光学元件后,偏振状态会发生变化,特别是入射角和光程的不同,会导致出射光波面上偏振分布不再均匀,形成偏振象差。本文主要就轴上物点发出的光束经过界面反射后的偏振象差方面进行了分析。     

Enhanced Raman Scattering by Quasi-phase-matched Processes in ax^（2） Photonic Crystal

An intense comb-shaped Raman spectra were obtained from a two-dimensional nonlinear x（2） photonic crystal - a hexagonally poled LiTaO3 crystal with lattice parameter 9 micros. The lowest Raman shift was down to 2 cm^-1 and the order of anti-stokes and stokes signals both achieved 11. The novel Raman spectra were mediated first by intense phonon-polariton fields, which were driven through the quasi-phase-matched coupling between the incident dual-beam both from an optical parametric oscillation laser, and further amplified greatly also by such quasi-phasematched nonlinear optical process. The dependence of the Raman spectra character on the wavelength and intensity of incident beams were studied in detail, which accordingly revealed information of the inelastic scattering and the elementary excitation in the nonlinear medium. These results on the other hand suggest technological importance for developing a novel Raman laser with the multi-wavelength output and a tunable frequency interval and for possible applications in quantum optics.     

Fabrication and Patterning of Submierometer-Thick Optical Polarizing Films for 800 nm Using Stretched Silver Island Multilayers

Stretched silver island multilayers have been investigated for patterned optical polarizers for the wavelength of 800 nm. Submicrometer-thick optical polarizing films are fabricated by stretching periodic multilayers consisting of silver island layers and Pyrex layers at the temperature of 660°C. As the optical anisotropy of the optical polarizing film is lost by heating at a temperature higher than the stretching temperature, the fine non-polarizing areas can be deliberately and easily formed on the optical polarizing film by laser irradiation with high power density. We have successfully formed various non-polarizing areas on the optical polarizing film with a 1 W-class carbon dioxide laser. The demonstrated fabricating techniques of deliberately patterned optical polarizing films should be useful for novel optical computing and sensing devices.     

Stabilization of a non-planar optical cavity using its polarization property

This paper describes new scheme for obtaining a differential signal to lock an optical cavity at a resonance peak. This scheme utilizes a unique property of non-planar cavities; due to an additional phase factor originated from the geometric configuration of the optical path, the two circular polarizations produce two resonance peaks. An ideal signal that crosses zero at the resonance peaks can be obtained using a simple setup consisting of a polarizing beam splitter and photo-diodes. The principle and the results of an experiment are also presented.     

Bypassing and cutting through 1D photonic crystals by ultra-shallow wet-etched resonant gratings

The electromagnetic field in subwavelength resonant diffractive optical elements is so concentrated that a very shallow surface corrugation obtained by wet chemical micro–nano-etching is sufficient to give rise to high contrast diffraction effects allowing a high wavelength-, polarization- or transverse-mode-selectivity which is not achievable by conventional diffractive elements. Two examples of polarizing laser mirrors at both extremes of the optical spectrum with wet-etched grating bypassing and cutting through the 1D photonic crystal are demonstrated.     

偏光显微镜中偏振态的理论分析

为了更好地利用偏光显微镜检测光通过透明光学晶体材料后偏振态的变化,研究和鉴定晶体的光学特性,从介绍偏光显微镜的光学结构入手,分析了自然光通过偏光显微镜的几何光路,然后利用Stocks参量和Muller矩阵分析自然光通过偏光显微镜的偏振态变换,从理论上给出了出射光偏振态变化的原理,并利用计算机模拟了光强随各参数的变化曲线,分析了干涉图像形成的过程。对在实践中使用偏光显微镜测量晶体薄片的双折射率、延长符号、分析材料的光学特性以及观察材料的结构更具有指导性的意义。     

Scheme for Concentration of Unknown Photonic GHZ Entangled States via Linear Optical Elements

We propose two schemes to concentrate unknown nonmaximally tripartite GHZ entangled states via linear optical elements. The finial maximally entangled states obtained from our schemes are shared by two or three parties. Our schemes only need polarizing beam splitters and single-photon detectors. In addition, the schemes can be demonstrated within current experimental technology.     

Linear optical implementation of optimal unambiguous discrimination among quantum states

In this paper, we present a linear optical scheme for optimal unambiguous discrimination among nonorthogonal quantum states in terms of the multiple-rail and polarization representation of a single photon. In our scheme, discriminated quantum states are expressed by using the spatial degree of freedom of a single photon while the polarization degree of freedom of the single photon is used to act as an auxiliary qubit. The optical components used in our scheme are only passive linear optical elements such as polarizing beam splitters, wave plates, polarizers, single photon detectors, and single photon source.     

新型聚合物分散液晶相位光栅的制备

把具有光敏特性的预聚物与向列相液晶按一定比例混合 ,注入表面经过取向处理的液晶盒中。以紫外灯为光源 ,通过光掩膜法 ,使混合物在光场的引发下发生相分离 ,形成液晶 /聚合物相位光栅。由于相分离后液晶在取向膜的作用下沿液晶盒面方向旋转 180° ,克服了传统液晶光栅器件对入射光偏振方向的依赖 ,提高了光的有效利用率。采用光学显微镜和He Ne激光器进行测试 ,结果表明所制样品具有较好的栅结构 ,其衍射效率不受入射光偏振方向的影响且具有电场可调性。该光栅制作方法简便 ,驱动电压低 ,在光通信器件、衍射光学、投影显示、光开关等领域有广泛的应用前景