Some people and places important in the history of analytical chemistry in Italy

The people and places of importance to the history of chemistry in Italy have been reviewed with particular reference to Analytical Chemistry. Correspondence: D. Thorburn Burns, The Science Library, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5EQ, Northern Ireland     

Distinguished People and Places Important in the History of Portuguese Analytical Chemistry

The people and places of importance in the history of chemistry in Portugal have been reviewed with particular reference to analytical chemistry.     

化学计量学在分析化学中的应用

从化学定量构效关系、模式识别法、人工神经网络、波谱化学、多元校正分析法等方面对化学计量学在分析化学中的应用进行了综述。阐明了化学计量学在分析化学中的作用及广阔的应用前景。     

碳纳米管在分析化学领域的研究进展

综述了碳纳米管自发现以来在分析化学领域中的一些研究成果，重点介绍了碳纳米管的制备、纯化、修饰以及作为一种新材料在分析化学中的应用前景。参考文献40篇。     

现代分析化学课程教学改革与实践

Modern analytical chemistry is the important professional course for graduate students of analytical chemistry and the related majors. It is the continuation and promotion of knowledge of analytical chemistry course and the key course to improve the scientific research ability of students. The course includes modern separation science, modern electroanalytical chemistry, modern photoanalytical chemistry and advanced analytical chemistry. It is an important guarantee for improving teaching quality to carry out teaching reform of modern analytical chemistry. In the paper, starting from the construction of teaching team, the modern analytical chemistry course group including four courses was set up for the first time. The course contents are reorganized. The teaching methods are optimized and coordinated. The courses are constructed collectively, including reforming the teaching mode and teaching method, editing textbook appropriately and setting up website with a variety of teaching materials. Therefore, the teaching quality can be guaranteed and the disciplinary fundamentals for research work of students can be strengthened.     

绿色分析化学技术进展

绿色分析化学技术是国际分析化学的前沿,受到广泛关注.绿色分析化学是把绿色化学的原理使用在新的分析方法和技术方面.目前的研究主要集中在环境友好的样品前处理技术(如微波消解、微波萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、超临界流体萃取等)和绿色分析测试技术(如X射线荧光分析法、近红外技术、毛细管电泳、顶空气相色谱等).文章对上述内容进行了综述.     

Green procedure using limonene in the Dean-Stark apparatus for moisture determination in food products

In the past 10 years, trends in analytical chemistry have turned toward the green chemistry which endeavours to develop new techniques that reduce the influence of chemicals on the environment. The challenge of the green analytical chemistry is to develop techniques that meet the request for information output while reducing the environmental impact of the analyses. For this purpose petroleum-based solvents have to be avoided. Therefore, increasing interest was given to new green solvents such as limonene and their potential as alternative solvents in analytical chemistry. In this work limonene was used instead of toluene in the Dean-Stark procedure. Moisture determination on wide range of food matrices was performed either using toluene or limonene. Both solvents gave similar water percentages in food materials, i.e. 89.3 ± 0.5 and 89.5 ± 0.7 for carrot, 68.0 ± 0.7 and 68.6 ± 1.9 for garlic, 64.1 ± 0.5 and 64.0 ± 0.3 for minced meat with toluene and limonene, respectively. Consequently limonene could be used as a good alternative solvent in the Dean-Stark procedure.     

绿色分析化学技术研究进展

绿色分析化学是受到广泛关注的一门前沿科学,它是把绿色化学的基本原理应用在新的分析方法和技术方面.对绿色分析样品前处理技术、绿色分析分离富集技术和绿色分析测试技术进行了综述.     

Quantities and units in analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry is largely concerned with the determination of the composition of mixtures. The result of the analysis of a component in a mixture should comprise the product of a ‘numerical value’ and a ‘unit’ in order to express the value of the ‘quantity’ being measured (and an associated statement of uncertainty). The quantities and units which can be used to express these results are subtly different and can often be confused and misused. This article clarifies their meaning, presents a novel method of demonstrating the relationship between them, and discusses the advantages and drawbacks of their usage in analytical chemistry, particularly with respect to environmental analysis. Suggestions for best practice for use in analytical chemistry are also made.     

新工科背景下分析化学中质量保证和质量控制的教学改革探究*

通过对目前分析化学教学中存在问题的分析,探究了新工科背景下分析化学专业中关于质量保证和质量控制方面的教学改革,提出了增设“分析化学中的质量保证和质量控制”或者类似的课程的建议,指出分析化学的教学应该围绕整个分析过程展开,并将分析化学中的质量保证和质量控制知识融入分析全过程中,注重理论课程与实践课程相互结合的同时更加强调应用性,增强学生的实践能力和分析问题、解决问题的能力。此外,分析化学教学重在“分析”,要与分析实验室/检测机构保持紧密联系,应建立以市场为导向、以技术为核心的教学活动,从而实现为社会不断培养与时俱进的分析人才的教育目标。     

建构主义教学理论在无机及分析化学教学中的探索与实践

在无机及分析化学的教学实践中，探讨了怎样结合无机及分析化学课程的特点运用建构主义教学理论。根据课程内容采取相应的教学模式，培养学生的自主学习能力，进一步提高教学质量，并促进创新人才的培养。     

福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验试题解析

介绍了福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验的命题思路、试题原题及评分规则,并对实验中存在的问题及成绩进行了总结分析。     

Electrochemistry in solids prepared by sol-gel processes

Sol-gel chemistry provides a route to preparing inorganic polymers with ionically conducting properties by room temperature synthetic routes. The products, which are rigid solids, are well-suited as media for conventional electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry. This property, when combined with their ability to host a wide variety of species, has allowed development of a variety of devices of interest in electrochemistry and analytical chemistry. Examples include cathodes for fuels cells, electrochromic devices, biosensors, and amperometric sensors for analytes in the gas phase. In this review, the emphasis will be on reported applications to analytical chemistry; however, studies on the general properties of these materials and on their use in electrochemical science also will be summarized because they may provide the basis for further development of sensors.     

The Teaching/Learning Process in Analytical Chemistry

Before teaching a course, the instructor must identify what she or he intends for the students to learn. For most analytical chemistry instructors, this usually involves an assessment of what methods and techniques to include and at what depth to cover them. There are many other skills, though, that will be important to students for their future success. Most college classes in analytical chemistry are taught in a lecture format. Techniques that can be used to improve the learning that can occur during a lecture are described. An alternative to lecturing is the use of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning offers the potential to develop skills such as teamwork, communication, and problem-solving that are more difficult to impart in a lecture format. The laboratory component of analytical chemistry courses is often an underutilized learning resource. More often than not, the lab is used to demonstrate fundamental wet and instrumental analysis techniques and develop rudimentary laboratory skills. The analytical lab should also be used to develop meaningful problem-solving skills and to demonstrate and have students participate in the entire analytical process. Ways of enhancing the analytical laboratory to include more global skills that are important to career success are described.Received January 12, 2003; accepted March 7, 2003 Published online July 16, 2003     

法定计量单位在分析化学领域中的正确应用

对分析化学领域中常见的法定计量单位与其对应的废弃形式进行了比较,指出了应用中常见的错误,并汇集了该领域中有关计量单位表述的正确范例     

Vibrational Spectroscopy in Supercritical Fluids: From Analysis and Hydrogen Bonding to Polymers and Synthesis

Supercritical fluids are beginning to be used widely in chemistry. Applications range from extraction and chromatography in analytical chemistry to solvents for reaction chemistry and preparation of new materials. Spectroscopic monitoring is important in much of supercritical chemistry, and vibrational spectroscopy is particularly useful in this context because the vibrational spectrum of a given molecule is usually quite sensitive to the environment of that molecule. Thus, vibrational spectra are excellent probes of conditions within the fluid. In this review, we describe a variety of techniques and cells for IR and Raman spectroscopy in supercritical fluids and illustrate the breadth of applications in supercritical fluids. The examples include: the use of supercritical Xe as a spectroscopically transparent solvent for chemistry and for supercritical fluid chromatography with FTIR detection of analytes; Raman spectroscopy as a monitor for gases dissolved in supercritical CO₂; the effect of solvent density on hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluids and the formation of reverse micelles; IR as a monitor for the supercritical impregnation/extraction of polymers and the reactions of organometallic compounds impreganated into polymers; reactions of organometallic compounds in supercritical fluids; and finally, the use of miniature flow reactors for laboratory-scale preparative chemistry. Overall, our aim is to provide a starting point from which individual readers can judge whether such measurements might usefully be applied to their own particular problems.     

泡沫浮选技术在分析化学中的应用

本文评述了泡沫浮选在分析化学中的应用。     

绿色分析化学

绿色分析化学是把绿色化学的原理使用在新的分析方法和技术的设计方面,旨在减轻分析化学对环境的影响。无污染或少污染的绿色分析化学技术将是今后分析化学的一个发展方向。文中介绍了分析化学与环境的关系,绿色分析化学的特点及其方法的发展。     

分析化学发展中的几个问题

分析化学在迅速发展中出现了一些令人关注的问题。它们是：如何确定现代分析化学煌范围，如何给字以明确的定义；对分析化学煌前沿的预测；当今分析化学在化学中的地位；对分析介的批评意见的反思；分析化学应注意克有孤自身的弱点；如何培养高水平的分析化学专业人材等。本文就这些问题介绍国内外同行的一些看法发表本人的浅见。