Refinement equations and spline functions

In this paper, we exploit the relation between the regularity of refinable functions with non-integer dilations and the distribution of powers of a fixed number modulo 1, and show the nonexistence of a non-trivial C ^∞ solution of the refinement equation with non-integer dilations. Using this, we extend the results on the refinable splines with non-integer dilations and construct a counterexample to some conjecture concerning the refinable splines with non-integer dilations. Finally, we study the box splines satisfying the refinement equation with non-integer dilation and translations. Our study involves techniques from number theory and harmonic analysis.     

Structure of refinable splines

A refinable spline is a compactly supported refinable function that is piecewise polynomial. Refinable splines, such as the well known B-splines, play a key role in computer aided geometric designs. Refinable splines have been studied in several papers, most noticeably in [W. Lawton, S.L. Lee, Z. Shen, Characterization of compactly supported refinable splines, Adv. Comput. Math. 3 (1995) 137–145] for integer dilations and [X. Dai, D.-J. Feng, Y. Wang, Classification of refinable splines, Constr. Approx. 24 (2) (2006) 187–200] for real dilations. There are general characterizations in these papers, but these characterizations are not explicit enough to tell us the structures of refinable splines. In this paper, we give complete characterization of the structure of refinable splines.     

Classification of Refinable Splines in ℝ d

A refinable spline in ℝ ^d is a compactly supported refinable function whose support can be decomposed into simplices such that the function is a polynomial on each simplex. The best-known refinable splines in ℝ ^d are the box splines. Refinable splines play a key role in many applications, such as numerical computation, approximation theory and computer-aided geometric design. Such functions have been classified in one dimension in Dai et al. (Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 22(3), 374–381, 2007), Lawton et al. (Comput. Math. 3, 137–145, 1995). In higher dimensions Sun (J. Approx. Theory 86, 240–252, 1996) characterized those splines when the dilation matrices are of the form A=mI, where m∈ℤ and I is the identity matrix. For more general dilation matrices the problem becomes more complex. In this paper we give a complete classification of refinable splines in ℝ ^d for arbitrary dilation matrices A∈M _d (ℤ).     

Refinable functions with non-integer dilations

Refinable functions and distributions with integer dilations have been studied extensively since the pioneer work of Daubechies on wavelets. However, very little is known about refinable functions and distributions with non-integer dilations, particularly concerning its regularity. In this paper we study the decay of the Fourier transform of refinable functions and distributions. We prove that uniform decay can be achieved for any dilation. This leads to the existence of refinable functions that can be made arbitrarily smooth for any given dilation factor. We exploit the connection between algebraic properties of dilation factors and the regularity of refinable functions and distributions. Our work can be viewed as a continuation of the work of Erdös [P. Erdös, On the smoothness properties of a family of Bernoulli convolutions, Amer. J. Math. 62 (1940) 180-186], Kahane [J.-P. Kahane, Sur la distribution de certaines séries aléatoires, in: Colloque de Théorie des Nombres, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 1969, Mém. Soc. Math. France 25 (1971) 119-122 (in French)] and Solomyak [B. Solomyak, On the random series ∑±λn (an Erdös problem), Ann. of Math. (2) 142 (1995) 611-625] on Bernoulli convolutions. We also construct explicitly a class of refinable functions whose dilation factors are certain algebraic numbers, and whose Fourier transforms have uniform decay. This extends a classical result of Garsia [A.M. Garsia, Arithmetic properties of Bernoulli convolutions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 102 (1962) 409-432].     

Lipschitz continuity of refinable functions on the Heisenberg group

In this paper, the Lipschitz continuity of refinable functions related to the general acceptable dilations on the Heisenberg group will be investigated in terms of the uniform joint spectral radius. We also give an investigation of the refinable functions in the generalized Lipschitz spaces related to a kind of special acceptable dilations.     

Generalized cardinal B-splines: Stability, linear independence, and appropriate scaling matrices

Generalized cardinal B-splines are defined as convolution products of characteristic functions of self-affine lattice tiles with respect to a given integer scaling matrix. By construction, these generalized splines are refinable functions with respect to the scaling matrix and therefore they can be used to define a multiresolution analysis and to construct a wavelet basis. In this paper, we study the stability and linear independence properties of the integer translates of these generalized spline functions. Moreover, we give a characterization of the scaling matrices to which the construction of the generalized spline functions can be applied.     

Prolate Spheroidal Wavelets: Translation, Convolution, and Differentiation Made Easy

Prolate spheroidal wavelets were previously introduced and shown to have some interesting convergence properties. In this work, several shortcomings of standard wavelets are discussed, and are shown not to be present in these new wavelets. These include invariance under arbitrary translations and differentiation of the associated multiresolution subspaces as well as similar properties of dilations.     

小波分析中一个逆问题

本文证明:如果来自多尺度分析(伸缩因子为矩阵)的小波是标准正交的,那么相对应的尺度函数也是标准正交的,其中函数f_s(x)∈L~2(R~n)(s=1,2,…,r,r是正整数)的标准正交性是指f_s(x)的整平移所构成的函数族为L~2(R~n)的标准正交系。结果表明,如果我们想从多尺度分析出发构造正交小波,那么该多尺度分析必须有正交尺度函数。     

Wavelets and framelets from dual pseudo splines

Dual pseudo splines constitute a new class of refinable functions with B-splines as special examples.In this paper,we shall construct Riesz wavelet associated with dual pseudo splines.Furthermore,we use dual pseudo splines to construct tight frame systems with desired approximation order by applying the unitary extension principle.     

Band-limited refinable functions for wavelets and framelets

Extending band-limited constructions of orthonormal refinable functions, a special class of periodic functions is used to generate a family of band-limited refinable functions. Characterizations of Riesz bases and frames formed by integer shifts of these refinable functions are obtained. Such families of refinable functions are employed to construct band-limited biorthogonal wavelet bases and biframes with desirable time-frequency localization.     

Quadrature Formulas for Refinable Functions and Wavelets II: Error Analysis

This paper is concerned with the construction and the analysis of Gauss quadrature formulas for computing integrals of (smooth) functions against refinable functions and wavelets. The main goal of this paper is to develop rigorous error estimates for these formulas. For the univariate setting, we derive asymptotic error bounds for a huge class of weight functions including spline functions. We also discuss multivariate quadrature rules and present error estimates for specific nonseparable refinable functions, i.e., for some special box splines.     

Cardinal ECT-splines

Cardinal ECT-spline curves are generated from one ECT-system of order n which is shifted by integer translations via one connection matrix. If this matrix is nonsingular, lower triangular and totally positive, there exists an ECT-B-spline function N₀ⁿ(x) having minimal compact support [0,n] whose integer translates span the cardinal ECT-spline space. This B-spline is computed explicitly piece by piece. Involved is the characteristic polynomial of a certain matrix which is the product of a matrix related to the connection matrix and of the generalized Taylor matrix of the basic ECT-system. This approach extends results for polynomial cardinal splines via connection matrices [6] to the more general setting of cardinal ECT-splines. The method is illustrated by two examples based on ECT-systems of rational functions with prescribed poles. Also, a Greens function involved is expressed explicitly as an ECT-B-splines series. AMS subject classification 41A15, 41A05     

The structure of dilation groups of generalized affine planes

The concept of a generalized affine plane was introduced in [2]. To each such generalized affine plane there is a group of (bijective) dilations and a subgroup of translations. The subgroup of translations gives a nearring of trace preserving quasi-endomorphisms and there is a subgroup fo the translations, called the semi-identities, that give an ideal in this near-ring. The quotient nearring is a skew field. This paper is concerned with the structure of the various subgroups of dilations that arise from the geometry of the generalized affine planes. In particular, it shall be seen that the translation group, together with the cosets of a family of subgroups, will in turn be a generalized affine plane.     

Stable Filtering Schemes with Rational Dilations

The relationship between multiresolution analysis and filtering schemes is a well known facet of wavelet theory. However, in the case of rational dilation factors, the wavelet literature is somewhat lacking in its treatment of this relationship. This work seeks to establish a means for the construction of stable filtering schemes with rational dilations through the theory of shift-invariant spaces. In particular, principal shift-invariant spaces will be shown to offer frame wavelet decompositions for rational dilations even when the associated scaling function is not refinable. Moreover, it will be shown that such decompositions give rise to stable filtering schemes with finitely supported filters, reminiscent of those studied by Kovacevic and Vetterli.     

Stability and Independence for Multivariate Refinable Distributions

Due to their so-called time-frequency localization properties, wavelets have become a powerful tool in signal analysis and image processing. Typical constructions of wavelets depend on the stability of the shifts of an underlying refinable function. In this paper, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the shifts of certain compactly supported refinable functions. These conditions are in terms of the zeros of the refinement mask. Our results are actually applicable to more general distributions which are not of function type, if we generalize the notion of stability appropriately. We also provide a similar characterization of the (global) linear independence of the shifts. We present several examples illustrating our results, as well as one example in which known results on box splines are derived using the theorems of this paper.     

关于Parseval框架小波的刻画

In this paper,we characterize all generalized low pass filters and MRA Parseval frame wavelets in L 2 （R n ） with matrix dilations of the form （Df）（x） =√ 2f（Ax）,where A is an arbitrary expanding n × n matrix with integer coefficients,such that ｜det A｜ = 2.We study the pseudo-scaling functions,generalized low pass filters and MRA Parseval frame wavelets and give some important characterizations about them.Furthermore,we give a characterization of the semiorthogonal MRA Parseval frame wavelets and provide several examples to verify our results.     

多-尺度加细函数及其性质的研究

引入伸缩因子为a的多-尺度加细函数和平移不变子空间的概念．研究了多-尺度加细方程解存在的条件．特别地,给出这种方程的解是正交的充分必要条件．建立了多-尺度加细函数与两尺度加细函数之间的关系．并讨论了它们的一些性质．最后给出相应的构造算例．     

Construction of multivariate compactly supported tight wavelet frames

Two simple constructive methods are presented to compute compactly supported tight wavelet frames for any given refinable function whose mask satisfies the QMF or sub-QMF conditions in the multivariate setting. We use one of our constructive methods in order to find tight wavelet frames associated with multivariate box splines, e.g., bivariate box splines on a three or four directional mesh. Moreover, a construction of tight wavelet frames with maximum vanishing moments is given, based on rational masks for the generators. For compactly supported bi-frame pairs, another simple constructive method is presented.     

Dimension Functions of Rationally Dilated GMRAs and Wavelets

In this paper we study properties of generalized multiresolution analyses (GMRAs) and wavelets associated with rational dilations. We characterize the class of GMRAs associated with rationally dilated wavelets extending the result of Baggett, Medina, and Merrill. As a consequence, we introduce and derive the properties of the dimension function of rationally dilated wavelets. In particular, we show that any mildly regular wavelet must necessarily come from an MRA (possibly of higher multiplicity) extending Auscher’s result from the setting of integer dilations to that of rational dilations. We also characterize all 3 interval wavelet sets for all positive dilation factors. Finally, we give an example of a rationally dilated wavelet dimension function for which the conventional algorithm for constructing integer dilated wavelet sets fails.     

Connections between the Support and Linear Independence of Refinable Distributions

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationships between the support of a refinable distributionφand the global and local linear independence of the integer translates ofφ. It has been shown elsewhere that a compactly supported distributionφhas globally independent integer translates if and only ifφhas minimal convex support. However, such a distribution may have “holes” in its support. By insisting thatφ∈L²() and generates a multiresolution analysis, Lemarié and Malgouyres have ensured that no such holes can occur. In this article we generalize this result to refinable distributions. We also give a result on the local linear independence of the integer translates ofφ. We work with integer dilation factorN?2 throughout this paper.