Maximally Generalized Yang-Mills Model and Dynamical Breaking of Gauge Symmetry

A maximally generalized Yang-Mills model, which contains, besides the vector part V_μ, also an axial-vector part A_μ, a scalar part S, a pseudoscalar part P, and a tensor part T_μν, is constructed and the dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry in the model is also discussed. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, that the gauge symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model. The combination of the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model and the NJL mechanism provides a way to overcome the difficulties related to the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism in the usual spontaneous symmetry breaking theory.     

Dynamical Breaking of Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

The dynamical breaking of a generalized Yang-Mills theory is discussed. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu Jona-Lasinio mechanism, that the gauge symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the generalized Yang-Mills theory. The combination of the generalized Yang-Mills theory and the NJL mechanism provides a way to overcome the difficulties related to the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism in the usual spontaneous symmetry breaking theory.     

Dynamical Breaking of Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

The dynamical breaking of a generalized Yang-Mills theory is discussed. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, that the gauge symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically in the generalized Yang-Mills theory. The combination of the generalized Yang-Mills theory and the NJL mechanism provides a way to overcome the difficulties related to the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism in the usual spontaneous symmetry breaking theory.     

Partially composite two-Higgs doublet model

In the extra dimensional scenarios with gauge fields in the bulk, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge bosons can induce Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type attractive fourfermion interactions, which can break electroweak symmetry dynamically with accompanying composite Higgs fields. We consider a possibility that electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) is triggered by both a fundamental Higgs and a composite Higgs arising in a dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism induced by a new strong dynamics. The resulting Higgs sector is a partially composite two-Higgs doublet model with specific boundary conditions on the coupling and mass parameters originating at a compositeness scale Λ. The phenomenology of this model is discussed including the collider phenomenology at LHC and ILC.      

Dynamical Symmetry Breaking of Maximally Generalized Yang-Mills Model and Its Restoration at Finite Temperatures

In terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry for the maximally generalized Yang-Mills model is investigated. The gauge symmetry behavior at finite temperature is also investigated and it is shown that the gauge symmetry broken dynamically at zero temperature can be restored at finite temperatures.     

Dynamical CP violation of the generalized Yang-Mills model

Starting from the generalized Yang-Mills model which contains, besides the vector part Vμ, also a scalar part S and a pseudoscalar part P. It is shown, in terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism,that CP violation can be realized dynamically. The combination of the generalized Yang-MiUs model and the NJL mechanism provides a new way to explain CP violation.     

Dynamical Symmetry Breaking for Weinberg-Salam Model and Restoration at Finite Temperature

In this paper, we utilize Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism to discuss the dynamical symmetry breaking for Weinberg-Salam model. In the NJL mechanism the symmetry breaking not only is determined by the potential ofscalar field V(φ) but also has important relation with condensate of the fermion pair (φφ). We find that the coefficient of quadric term of scalar field μ² ≥ 0 can still cause symmetry breaking by virtue of (φφ) ≠ 0, and the vacuum expected value of scalar field obeys (φ) = (φφ), i.e., the order parameter which causes phase transition is the condensate of fermion pair (φφ). We also discuss the restoration problem of SU(2) × U(1) gauge symmetry breaking by the NJL mechanism at high temperatures.     

The Standard Model with Higgs as Gauge Field on Fourth Homotopy Group

Based upon a fundamental principle, the generalized gauge principle, we construct a general model with G_L×G'_R×Z₂ gauge symmetry, where Z₂ = π₄(G_L) is the fourth homotopy group of the gauge group G_L, by means of the non-commutative differential geometry and reformulating the standard model with the Higgs field being a gauge field on the fourth homotopy group of their gauge groups. We show that in this approach not only the Higgs field is automatically introduced on an equal footing with ordinary Yang-Mills gauge potentials and there are no extra constraints among the parameters at the tree level but also most importantly the models survive quantum corrections.     

A note on gauge symmetry breaking

We show that the breaking of Abelian gauge symmetry implies the existence of dipole singularities in the correlation functions of the (Abelian) Higgs model. We also show that the noninvariance of the Wightman functions does not preclude the implementability of the global gauge symmetry. An explicit example of gauge symmetry breaking (Ferrari's model) is discussed.     

Dynamical Model of QCD Vacuum and Color Thaw at Finite Temperatures

In terms of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, the dynamical symmetry breaking of a simple localgauge model is investigated. An important relation between the vacuum expectation value of gauge fields and scalarfields is derived by solving the Euler equation for the gauge fields. Based on this relation the SU(3) gauge potential isgiven which can be used to explain the asymptotic freedom and confinement of quarks in a hadron. The confinementbehavior at finite temperatures is also investigated and it is shown that color confinement at zero temperature can bemelted away under high temperatures.     

Dynamical Model of QCD Vacuum and Color Thaw at Finite Temperatures

In terms of the Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism, the dynamical symmetry breaking of a simple local gauge model is investigated. An important relation between the vacuum expectation value of gauge fields and scalar fields is derived by solving the Euler equation for the gauge fields. Based on this relation the SU(3) gauge potential is given which can be used to explain the asymptotic freedom and confinement of quarks in a hadron. The confinement behavior at finite temperatures is also investigated and it is shown that color confinement at zero temperature can be melted away under high temperatures.     

Spontaneously broken supergauge symmetries and goldstone spinors

We present a model with a spontaneously broken supergauge symmetry which results in the appearance of a massless Goldstone spinor. The model combines supergauge invariance with ordinary gauge invariance. After the breaking the gauge boson acquires a mass as a result of the Higgs mechanism.     

Symmetry breaking in dynamical spacetimes

The behaviour of scalar electrodynamics under symmetry breaking by the Higgs mechanism is studied in a class of dynamical spacetimes—those having a Bianchi type I symmetry—which includes the spatially flat Robertson-Walker spacetimes. The Einstein equations are used to obtain the effective Lagrangian, from which it is shown thateither the gauge field does not become massive during symmetry breaking (in marked contrast with the case in which the background spacetime is static),or the symmetry breaking chooses not only a direction in the phase space of the Higgs field, but also a spatial direction in the spacetime sections.     

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in local gauge quantum field theory; the Higgs mechanism

Spontaneous symmetry breakings in indefinite metric quantum field theories are analyzed and a generalization of the Goldstone theorem is proved. The case of local gauge quantum field theories is discussed in detail and a characterization is given of the occurrence of the Higgs mechanism versus the Goldstone mechanism. The Higgs phenomenon is explained on general grounds without the introduction of the so-called Higgs fields. The basic property is the relation between the local internal symmetry group and the local group of gauge transformations of the second kind. Spontaneous symmetry breaking ofc-number gauge transformations of the second kind is shown to always occur if there are charged local fields. The implications about the absence of mass gap in the Wightman functions and the occurrence of massless particles associated with the unbroken generators in the Higgs phenomenon are discussed.     

Type 1 2HDM as Effective Theory of Supersymmetry

It is generally believed that the low energy effective theory of the minimal supersymmetric standard model is the type 2 two Higgs doublet model. We will show that the type 1 two Higgs doublet model can also be as the effective of supersymmetry in a specific case with high scale supersymmetry breaking and gauge mediation. If the other electroweak doublet obtain the vacuum expectation value after the electroweak symmetry breaking, the Higgs spectrum is quite different. A remarkable feature is that the physical Higgs boson mass can be 125 GeV unlike in the ordinary models with high scale supersymmetry in which the Higgs mass is generally around 140 GeV.     

Massless monopoles and multi-pronged strings

We investigate the role of massless magnetic monopoles in the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills Higgs theories. They can appear naturally in the 1/4-BPS dyonic configurations associated with multi-pronged string configurations. Massless magnetic monopoles can carry nonabelian electric charge when their associated gauge symmetry is unbroken. Surprisingly, massless monopoles can also appear even when the gauge symmetry is broken to abelian subgroups.     

Non-local fields in theZ(2) Higgs model: The global gauge symmetry breaking and the confinement problem

Non-local order parameters are constructed in theZ(2) Higgs model to probe the existence or non-existence of charged states. The non-local field corresponding to the Higgs field in a complete gauge fixing is found to be an order parameter for the locally unobservable global gauge symmetry breaking. This symmetry breakdown is shown to imply perfect screening for the bare charge.     

Type 1 2HDM as Effective Theory of Supersymmetry

It is generally believed that the low energy effective theory of the minimal supersymmetric standard model is the type 2 two Higgs doublet model.We will show that the type 1 two Higgs doublet model can also be as the effective of supersymmetry in a specific case with high scale supersymmetry breaking and gauge mediation.If the other electroweak doublet obtain the vacuum expectation value after the electroweak symmetry breaking,the Higgs spectrum is quite different.A remarkable feature is that the physical Higgs boson mass can be 125 GeV unlike in the ordinary models with high scale supersymmetry in which the Higgs mass is generally around 140 GeV.