火焰原子吸收法测定绞股蓝中Mg、Zn的含量

目的测定绞股蓝叶和芽中的Mg、Zn含量。方法采用湿法消解溶样,用火焰原子吸收法测定绞股蓝叶和芽中的2种微量元素的含量。结果绞股蓝叶和芽富含Mg、Zn,绞股蓝叶中的Mg含量都大于芽中的含量,而Zn的含量却是芽大于叶。结论方法回收率在106%~120%之间,准确可靠,分析速度快,可为绞股蓝的进一步开放提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器测定福建产绞股蓝中绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和LVI北大核心CSCD

该研究利用超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器(UHPLC-CAD)建立了福建产绞股蓝中绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和LVI含量的测定方法。首先利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)结合UHPLC-CAD鉴定了福建产绞股蓝的主要成分,其中绞股蓝皂苷XLVI、LVI以及二者相应的含丙二酰基酸性皂苷为其主成分,因此在含量测定时先进行碱水解预处理将酸性皂苷转化为对应的去丙二酰基中性皂苷,再利用UHPLC-CAD测定碱水解后绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和LVI的含量。将绞股蓝样品粉末在乙醇-水-氨水(50∶46∶4,v/v/v)和料液比1∶150(g∶mL)条件下超声提取30 min,静置24 h后,在Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)上分离,采用0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温40℃,电雾式检测器检测。结果表明,绞股蓝皂苷XLVI和LVI分别在9.94~318.00μg/mL和12.78~409.00μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.9993和0.9995。方法精密度、重复性和24 h稳定性试验的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.0%(n=6),绞股蓝皂苷XLVI与LVI的加标回收率分别在100.2%~107.2%与97.9%~104.2%范围内,RSD值分别为2.4%与2.6%。16批绞股蓝样品含量测定结果显示:绞股蓝皂苷XLVI含量占0.57%~2.57%,绞股蓝皂苷LVI含量占0.66%~2.99%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于福建产绞股蓝的质量研究和质量控制。     

新型吸附树脂S—038对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附性能及其在绞股蓝皂甙和三七皂甙提取、纯化中的应用

绞股蓝皂甙、三七皂甙等达玛烷型皂甙可用作保健食品的添加剂和治疗药物。为发展其提取、纯化新技术,我们研究了S—038树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的静态吸附和动态吸附性能,发现该树脂具有较大的静态、动态吸附量。分别用该树脂从绞股蓝水渗滤液中提取、分离绞股蓝皂甙和从三七水浸提液中富集、纯化三七皂甙,结果提示该树脂适于这些皂甙的生产。     

绞股蓝皂苷与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

用荧光光谱技术研究了绞股蓝皂苷与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在pH=7.40的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中的相互作用;通过计算确定了绞股蓝皂苷与BSA的结合位点数和结合常数,利用热力学分析探讨了绞股蓝皂苷与BSA之间的结合方式;同时采用同步荧光技术考察了绞股蓝皂苷对BSA构象的影响.结果表明,绞股蓝皂苷对牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭过程为静态猝灭;二者主要靠疏水作用和静电引力结合.     

交联聚(乙烯基苯乙酮)树脂的合成、表征及其对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附性能

为筛选适合于天然皂甙分离的吸附树脂,我们通过交联聚装乙烯的FriedelGrafts酰化反应,合成了一系列交联聚(乙烯基苯乙酮)树脂Ⅰ—Ⅸ,用红外光谱/元素分析方法测定了树脂的羰基含量,并对其物理结构进行了表征。树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的静态吸附实验说明,只有具有较高羰基含量和较大比表面的树脂才能对水溶液中的皂甙表现出较大的吸附量。     

AASI－2树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附与洗脱性能

本文详尽地研究了ＡＡＳＩ—２树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的静态、动态吸附与脱附性能以及影响因素，确定了ＡＡＳＩ－２树脂最佳工作条件。并考察了其在绞股蓝皂甙生产中应用的可能性。结果表明：ＡＡＳＩ－２树脂是一优良的绞股蓝皂甙吸附剂。     

AASI—2树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附与洗脱性能

本文详尽地研究了ＡＡＳＩ－２树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的静态、动态吸附与脱附性能以及影响因素，确定了ＡＡＳＩ－２树脂最佳工作条件，并考察了基在绞股蓝皂甙生产中应用的可能性。结果表明：ＡＡＳＩ－２树脂是一优良的绞股蓝皂甙吸附剂。     

原子吸收光谱法测定绞股蓝中20种微量元素

本文运用火焰和石墨炉ＡＡＳ法结合使用基体改进技术测定了绞股蓝叶、茎、地下茎中２０种微量元素的含量，并通过实验撰写了各待测元素的最佳分析条件。各元素的回收率在９３％～１０６％之间，相对标准偏差小于８％。方法简单准确，具有实用意义。     

三维荧光结合二阶校正法测定绞股蓝中槲皮素含量

采用三维荧光并结合二阶校正的平行因子分析(PARAFAC)算法、交替三线性(ATLD)算法和自加权交替三线性(SWATLD)算法对中药绞股蓝中的槲皮素含量和回收率进行测定,Al(Ⅲ)作敏化剂增加槲皮素的荧光强度。核一致检验法说明体系中荧光组分数为2,其中一个组分对应于槲皮素,另一个对应于中药中的一个共存组分。3种方法测定中药绞股蓝中槲皮素的含量分别为0.274 9%,0.272 9%和0.272 7%,回收率分别为96.3%,103.1%和96.8%,得到的槲皮素解析光谱和真实光谱几乎完全重合。实验结果表明,化学计量学"二阶校正"法具有简单、快速、高效及操作费用低等特点,可用于复杂成分的定性和定量分析。同时,还讨论了中药溶液中内滤光效应对荧光强度及定量分析的影响,并采用数学校正法对中药溶液的内滤光效应进行校正,实验发现测定的荧光强度用相应的溶液吸光度校正后,定量分析结果的准确度大大改善。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化绵阳产绞股蓝总皂苷的研究

绞股蓝别名"七叶胆","五叶参"等,为葫芦科植物绞股蓝的全草 [1].民间用以治疗咳嗽、痰喘、慢性气管炎、传染性肝炎等病.绞股蓝提取物具有明显的抗疲劳、抗衰老、降血脂、预防冠心病、抑制肿瘤细胞生长及延长细胞寿命的作用[2].绞股蓝的主要药效成分为绞股蓝皂苷,现已分离出80余种与人参皂甙有类似骨架的达玛烷型绞股蓝皂甙(gypenosides ,GPs) [3-8].据报道绞股蓝皂苷具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,并且对神经、血液、循环、内分泌系统和消化系统等多方面疾病具有防治作用[2].     

Volatile components of selected liverworts, and cytotoxic, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of their crude extracts

Crude extracts of the Tahitian liverworts Mastigophora diclados and Frullania sp., the Indonesian Frullania sp., Dumortiera hirsuta and Marchantia sp., and the Japanese Porella perrottetiana were investigated chemically by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All extracts contained various volatile sesqui- and diterpenoids and a few aromatic compounds. The Tahitian M. diclados and Frullania sp., and the Indonesian Frullania sp. exhibited cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and KB cell lines. The extracts of the Tahitian M. diclados and the Indonesian Marchantia sp. showed radical scavenging activity, whereas the crude extracts of the Tahitian M. diclados and Frullania sp., and the Indonesian Frullania and Marchantia sp. showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.     

Reducing nuclear danger through intergovernmental technical exchanges on nuclear materials safety management

The United States (U.S.) and Russia are dismantling nuclear weapons and generating hundreds of tons of excess plutonium and high-enriched uranium fissile nuclear materials that require disposition. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (Minatom) organizations are planning and implementing safe, secure storage and disposition operations for these materials in numerous facilities. This provides a new opportunity for technical exchanges between Russian and U.S. scientists that can establish an improved and sustained common safety culture for handling these materials. An initiative that develops and uses personal relationships and joint projects among Russian and U.S. participants involved in nuclear materials safety management contributes to improving nuclear materials nonproliferation and to making a safer world. Technical exchanges and workshops are being used to systematically identify opportunities in the nuclear materials facilities to improve and ensure the safety of workers, the public, and the environment.     

Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam in pharmaceutical and urine samples

New spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods have been developed to determine diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam (1,4-benzodiazepines) in pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluid. The new methods are based on measuring absorption or emission spectra in methanolic potassium hydroxide solution. Fluorimetric methods have proved selective with low detection limits, whereas photometric methods showed relatively high detection limits. Successive applications of developed methods for drugs determination in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples were performed. Photometric methods gave linear calibration graphs in the ranges of 2.85-28.5, 0.316-3.16, and 0.316-3.16 microgml-1 with detection limits of 1.27, 0.08 and 0.13 microgml-1 for diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam, respectively. Corresponding average errors of 2.60, 5.26 and 3.93 and relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) of 2.79, 2.12 and 2.83, respectively, were obtained. Fluorimetric methods gave linear calibration graphs in the ranges of 0.03-0.34, 0.03-0.32 and 0.03-0.38 microgml-1 with detection limits of 7.13, 5.67 and 16.47 ngml-1 for diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam, respectively. Corresponding average errors of 0.29, 4.33 and 5.42 and R.S.D.s of 1.27, 1.96 and 1.14 were obtained, respectively. Statistical Students t-test and F-test have been used and satisfactory results were obtained.     

智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集中的应用

蛋白质的磷酸化和糖基化作为研究最广泛的两种翻译后修饰(PTMs),在疾病的早期无创诊断、预后和治疗评估中表现出越来越大的潜力。蛋白质的异常磷酸化和糖基化经常被用于临床蛋白质组学研究和疾病相关生物标志物的发现。目前已有多种材料被开发用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集研究,其中,智能响应材料由于具有独特的响应特性,已被陆续报道用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集。智能响应材料可对外界刺激做出响应,发生结构和性质上的变化,将光、电、热、机械等信号转化为生物化学信号。响应分子是决定智能响应材料响应特性的先决条件,它们在不同刺激条件下(如温度、pH、光、机械应力、电磁场等)的可逆异构化将导致材料的宏观物理和化学性质的动态变化。与传统材料相比,智能响应材料可以可逆地“打开”和“关闭”,具有更好的可调控性。由于引起智能材料响应的刺激信号对其性能具有重要的影响,综述根据施加的刺激种类对智能响应材料进行分类,具体分为外源性响应材料和内源性响应材料,且分别总结了外源性响应材料、内源性响应材料以及内外源共同响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的工作。此外,综述对智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的发展前景进行了展望,并且提出了智能响应材料在其他蛋白质翻译后修饰方面的应用中存在的挑战。     

重组嗜热β-葡萄糖苷酶转化稀有人参皂苷Rd和CK

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,对重组嗜热β-葡萄糖苷酶(Fpglu1)转化稀有人参皂苷(Rd和CK)进行研究,并表征了其催化动力学参数.利用同源模建和分子动力学模拟等生物信息学技术,探究了Fpglu1转化人参皂苷的结构基础及其相互作用.结果表明,Fpglu1能够水解人参总皂苷生成稀有皂苷Rd和CK,其催化人参皂苷Rb_1,Rb_2和Rc的K_m值分别为0.318,1.840和5.269 mmol/L;酶的转换数(k_(cat))值分别为144.191,0.572和0.011 s~(-1).当转化时间分别为6和102 h时,Rd和CK的产率达到最大,分别为60%和93%.通过对该酶的结构预测及皂苷分子的对接研究发现,底物位于由疏水性氨基酸构成的底物口袋中,氨基酸残基Glu194和Glu367是参与催化作用的关键,且实验测得的酶促反应动力学参数(K_m)与对接的相互作用能量值存在线性关系.     

Effects of Cryoprotective Agents on the Bovine Articular Chondrocyte Viability

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｌｏｇｒａｆｔｓａｎｄａｕｔｏｇｒａｆｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｃｌｉｎｉ ｃａｌｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｒｅｐａｉｒｄａｍａｇｅｄｃａｒｔｉｌａｇｅ .Ｔｈｉｓｐｒａｃ ｔｉｃｅｉｓｏｆｔｅｎｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ ,ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｂｙｔｈｅａｖａｉｌａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｃａｒｔｉｌａｇｅｔｉｓｓｕｅ .Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｗｈｅｎｆｒｅｓｈｈｕｍａｎｔｉｓｓｕｅｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｏｍｅａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ .Ａｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇａｌｔｅ…     

California Lomatiums, Part X. Comparison of composition of the hydrodistilled oils from two subspecies of Lomatium mohavense

The hydrodistilled oils from the fruits as well as the stems/leaves of Lomatium mohavense ssp. longilobum and Lomatium mohavense ssp. mohavense were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The respective oils from L. mohavense ssp. longilobum show (Z)-3-hexenol at 9.3% and 7.5%, β-sinensal at 18.8% and 6.8% and iso-α-sinensal at 18.9% and 19.3% as the major compounds. The corresponding oils from L. mohavense ssp. mohavense show β-phellandrene/limonene at 12.2% and 6.0%, β-elemene at 1.8% and 17.8%, β-caryophyllene at 8.9% and 7.8% and germacrene D at 18.8% and 10.8% as the predominant compounds.     

Analysis of anti-inflammatory dehydrodiisoeugenol and metabolites excreted in rat feces and urine using HPLC-UV

Dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE) is a lignan in the fruit of Myristica fragrans. It can be converted into several metabolites in in vitro and in vivo metabolism. In this study, the excretion of DDIE in urine and feces was investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and intragastric (i.g.) administration to rats. DDIE and its metabolites (M-1 and M-2) were measured using HPLC. The amount of DDIE and its metabolites excreted was higher in feces than in urine, suggesting that DDIE and its metabolites are eliminated primarily in the feces. Significant differences in the excretion levels of DDIE and its metabolites were seen between i.v. and i.g. administration. Greater amounts of DDIE and its metabolites were excreted following i.v. administration, suggesting that DDIE can exert a longer period of anti-inflammatory activity following i.g. administration. The accuracy, precision, recovery and stability of the analytical method in this study were satisfactory for the measurement of DDIE and its metabolites in rat urine and feces. Observations made in this study will contribute to understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion pathway of DDIE and will aid decision-making regarding the best mode of DDIE administration during treatment to maximize its anti-inflammatory effects.     

Carotenoids and their isomers: color pigments in fruits and vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are colorful pigment-containing food sources. Owing to their nutritional benefits and phytochemicals, they are considered as 'functional food ingredients'. Carotenoids are some of the most vital colored phytochemicals, occurring as all-trans and cis-isomers, and accounting for the brilliant colors of a variety of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids extensively studied in this regard include β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Coloration of fruits and vegetables depends on their growth maturity, concentration of carotenoid isomers, and food processing methods. This article focuses more on several carotenoids and their isomers present in different fruits and vegetables along with their concentrations. Carotenoids and their geometric isomers also play an important role in protecting cells from oxidation and cellular damages.     

剌梨利康饮对汞中毒大鼠汞铜锌含量的影响

用高汞水喂养大鼠８周,复制出慢性汞中毒模型,再分别自由饮用利康饮饮料和腹腔注射二巯基丙磺酸钠３周,探讨剌梨利康饮和二巯基丙磺酸钠对慢性汞中毒大鼠体内汞、铜、锌含量的影响。结果显示：慢性汞中毒引起血清、肝、脑和肾中汞含量升高的同时,引起血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝中锌含量降低;利康饮可降低血清和肾中汞含量,并可提高血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝含量;二巯基丙磺酸钠虽可降低血清、肝和肾中汞含量,升高血清