热管式相变蓄热换热器储/放能过程中传热特性的实验研究

将热管作为换热元件应用于相变蓄热系统中,研制了一套热管式相变蓄热换热器。采用石蜡作为蓄热材料,对其储、放能过程即内部石蜡的融化与凝固过程进行了实验研究。测定了储、放能过程中不同时刻换热器内石蜡的温度分布; 改变供、取热流体参数,分析了供/取热流体的入口温度与流量对换热器储/放能过程的影响;分析了储、放能过程中能量随时间的变化情况。结果表明,热管在本换热器内极好地发挥了换热元件的作用,换热器运行状况良好,各项功能均能较好地实现。     

Experimental Investigations on Latent Heat Storage Unit using Paraffin Wax as Phase Change Material

Thermal performance of a latent heat storage unit is evaluated experimentally. The latent heat thermal energy storage system analyzed in this work is a shell-and-tube type of heat exchanger using paraffin wax (melting point between 58°C and 60°C) as the phase change material. The temperature distribution in the phase change material is measured with time. The influence of mass flow rate and inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid on heat fraction is examined for both the melting and solidification processes. The mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (water) is varied in the range of 0.0167 kg/s to 0.0833 kg/s (1 kg/min to 5 kg/min), and the fluid inlet temperature is varied between 75°C and 85°C. The experimental results indicate that the total melting time of the phase change material increases as the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid decrease. The fluid inlet temperature influences the heat fraction considerably as compared to the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid during the melting process of the phase change material.     

Experimental study on the phase change and thermal properties of paraffin/carbon materials based thermal energy storage materials

In order to enhance the thermal energy storage efficiency of phase change materials, in this paper, expanded graphite (EG), multi-layer graphene nanoplatelet (MGN), graphite powder (GP) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as the effective heat transfer promoters in different mass fraction (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 wt.%) were added into the paraffin. The chemical properties, latent heat capacities, thermal conductivities and heat storage performances of paraffin and the composites were investigated. The results showed that the addition of EG, MGN, GP and MWCNT could increase the thermal conductivity of paraffin. At 20 °C, the thermal conductivity of the paraffin was increased by 61.04%, 51.2%, 12.18% and 10.22% with 2.5 wt.% EG, MGN, GP and MWCNT, respectively. In addition, with the same mass fraction, the heat storage and release time of the composite were 56.03% and 54.26%, respectively, shorter than that of paraffin when the additive was EG.     

改善三水醋酸钠固液相变性能的实验研究

三水醋酸钠在凝固过程中存在严重的过冷和相分层。用明胶做其防相分层剂,添加不同的成核剂,来解决其过冷问题。最终找到几种能显著改进三水醋酸钠相变特性的添加剂配方,并发现被加入添加剂的三水醋酸钠混合物被加热到的温度对其过冷度有直接影响,同时从晶体结构方面对有效添加剂的选择原则进行了探讨。     

圆管内潜热型功能流体对流换热的实验研究

本文实验研究了由正十四烷和尿素甲醛树脂制成的相变微胶囊和水混合组成的潜热型功能流体流过等热流圆管时的对流换热特性。相变微胶囊的加入可以显著增强流体与壁面间的对流换热,显著降低壁面温度和流体温度;在融化段对流换热系数呈增加分布,流体和壁面温度各自基本稳定在相应的温度值。强化对流换热的效果主要在融化段,并随流体中相变微胶囊浓度的增大而增强,也随R-eynolds数的增大而增强。     

复合低温相变蓄冷材料的实验研究

提出自行研制的一种复合低温相变蓄冷材料,通过实验分析了该蓄冷材料的融点、相变潜热和凝固融化过程曲线.该材料由有机物和无机物混合而成,用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)来测定该蓄冷材料的融点、相变潜热;用低温冰箱测试凝固融化过程材料的均匀稳定性.实验结果表明,该材料具有良好的性能,适用于医药、食品、冰箱及冷库等蓄冷装置中.     

相变乳状液的储冷模型与参数分析

本文建立了一种乳化的非牛顿相变功能流体的循环储冷模型,对影响其储冷性能的各项参数进行了模拟计算和分析。得出了描述不同储冷条件下与初始温度相关联的显热段和与乳液浓度相关联的潜热段储冷性能特征的无量纲关联式,以及储冷速率的相对比较。计算结果与有限条件下的测试结果基本吻合。该研究结果对采用潜热型功能相变流体储冷装置的设计具有参考价值。     

方腔内相变材料固液相变传热研究

基于相变材料(PCM,phase change material)的相变储能设备具有储能密度高的特点。本文建立了基于相变储能元件伪焓模型的固液相变格子Boltzmann模型,研究了内部管道位置、方腔倾斜角度对PCM融化过程的影响规律。结果表明,在内管道靠近方腔上部时,由于上部界面(固液相变界面或上壁面)对自然对流阻碍作用,使PCM的融化速率减慢。但是,在此时使方腔发生倾斜,会改变管道热流体到上部界面的距离,强化PCM的热质传递过程,使融化加快。     

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER TO ROTATING DISKS WITH RIBBED SURFACES

Local heat transfer to a rotating disk in the presence of an imposed axial flow has been studied using thermochromic liquid crystals and the transient heating technique. Preliminary measurements were made for a smooth disk, for which the experimental data encompassed the laminar boundary layer, the transitional zone, and the beginning of the turbulent region. Measurements were then made for arrangements in which a circular trip wire installed concentrically on the disk was used to disturb the boundary layer. The main topic of the investigation concerned convective heat transfer to disks with concentric circular ribs of a rectangular cross section. Three roughness configurations have been investigated, and the results have been compared with data for a smooth disk. The ribs caused an early transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow. Otherwise the augmentation of heat transfer by the circular ribs was rather modest, except with high axial flows and low rotational speeds, when the velocities across the ribs would have been of a similar order of magnitude to the tangential velocities between the ribs.     

1.2 kW便携式光纤激光器

高功率光纤激光器通常采用如水冷散热方式进行控温,难以满足轻量化等的需求。而利用相变储能材料的特性,采用多相变控温技术,可大幅减小高功率光纤激光器系统的体积、重量。对光纤激光器的温控技术进行了分析,采用多相变温控技术,实现了波长1.08 μm、最大功率1.26 kW的全光纤激光输出,光-光效率75.4%,光束质量因子M_x²=1.21,M_y²=1.23,有效减小了激光器的体积和质量,为高功率光纤激光器的热管理提供了新方法。     

高温相变蓄热电采暖器蓄放热特性的实验研究

本文对自研得高温相变蓄热电采暖器的蓄放热性能进行了实验研究,表明该电采暖器蓄热密度高,蓄放热性能稳定;针对放热末期散热进行了空气通道强化散热实验研究,结果表明其内部结构合理,蓄热时隔热性能好,放热时放热速率可满足普通取暖要求。     

毫秒脉冲激光辐照硅基PIN的温度场应力场数值分析

为了研究毫秒脉冲激光辐照硅基PIN多层结构产生的温度场和应力场的特点,本文基于热传导理论和弹塑性力学理论,利用等效比热容法处理相变潜热,考虑多个热源,尤其是底层铝电极反射的影响,并考虑硅基PIN探测器每层材料参数的非线性影响,采用有限元模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics,对毫秒脉冲激光辐照硅基PIN多层结构的过程进行了二维数值模拟,得到了材料表层及内部各层的瞬态温度场与应力场的时空分布和变化规律.结果表明,底层铝电极对激光的反射,使得在底层铝电极处及附近硅层的温度都略有升高.在此基础上,分析了毫秒脉冲激光辐照硅基PIN的硬破坏机理,即熔融前力学损伤导致硅基PIN探测器的功能失常.     

空气-多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置换热性能研究

空气-相变蓄热装置在农作物干燥、烟气余热回收和建筑供暖等场合需求强烈.但是目前关于空气-相变蓄热装置的研究较少且大多为平板型.本研究在已有研究的基础上,针对多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置存在换热结构不合理和灌装率较低的缺点,使用数值模拟的方法研究了 4种结构的多孔道扁管相变蓄热装置的蓄热性能;通过改变扁管肋高度提升蓄热装置的灌...     

非稳态人口温度下相变材料蓄热性能研究

太阳能辐射强度随时间发生变化,造成蓄热单元入口处传热流体温度呈现非稳态变化。为了分析非稳态的入口温度对相变材料蓄热特性的影响,假设传热流体入口温度1h内随时间呈线性变化,并且1h内的平均温度恒定在60℃。讨论了入口温度随时间线性增加及线性降低两种变化形式,对相变材料的熔化速率、熔化分数、蓄热量、固液界面位置等参数的影响。结果表明,当1h内平均入口温度不变,而初始入口温度在30～90℃的范围内变化时,随初始入口温度增加,尽管熔化速率增加,熔化时间从42．75min减小到20．58min;但1h内的总蓄热量却从72．6kW减小到45．3kW。     

高温相变储能换热器中传热模型的研究

1前言利用相变材料在发生相变时有很高的潜热释放或吸收的特点，将相变材料作为储热介质用于相变储能换热器中，可以大大地提高热储存的容量。本文研究的这种壳管式相变储能换热器壳内布置换热管，管壳之间填充高温储热材料，管内通以空气作为热交换流体提取储存在相变材料中的热量。定义输出功率为单位时间内热交换流体所提取到的热量，那么输出功率就成为评价这类换热器换热性能的指标。2理论模型的建立下面几点，概括了求解本文相变储能装置中传热问题的特点：a．相变储能换热器的壳侧填充的AI-Si合金属高温相变储能材料，实验始末其温…     

相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板热性能模拟

提出了一种采用定形相变材料蓄能的低温热水采暖地板形式。为了研究定形相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板的传热性能,建立了该地板的传热分析模型。分析了相变材料的相变温度对地板表面平均热流密度和蓄能比的影响;比较了相变材料潜热蓄能地板与混凝土显热蓄能地板的热性能差异。结果表明:定形相变材料地板停止加热后仍可以在较长时间内保持稳定的热流密度。同时定形相变材料地板具有较大的蓄能比,使其夜间蓄存的热量可被更多地用于日间供热。     

Thermal energy storage behaviour of nanoparticle enhanced PCM during freezing and melting

The present research work aimed to investigate the melting and solidification characteristics of NPCM. The NPCM was prepared using paraffin as the PCM and high conductive MWCNT as the nanomaterial without using any dispersant. The NPCM was prepared by dispersing MWCNTs with volume fractions of 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% in PCM as the base PCM. SEM morphology showed the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the paraffin wax. The MWCNT nano-additives PCMs showed two peaks in the heating curve by DSC measurement. Lessening in melting and solidification time of 30% and 43% was attained in the case of NPCM with 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively. It is observed from the DSC analysis that the latent heat of pure paraffin during freezing and melting cycle was 139.2 J/g (at 56.61 °C) and 131.8 J/g (at 57.55 °C), respectively. Whereas, the latent heat of NPCM with 0.9% of nanofluid was 150.7 J/g (at 56.36 °C) and 148.3 J/g (58.35 °C). It is construed that a maximum change in latent heat of 7.6% and 11% was observed between pure PCM and NPCM during freezing and melting cycle. For the lesser nanoparticle concentration (0.3% and 0.6%), the percentage change in latent heat was lesser than 0.9%.     

Preparation,characterization, and performance study of beeswax/expanded graphite composite as thermal storage material

In this study, beeswax as a new energy storage material and its composite with expanded graphite were prepared and characterized for their surface and thermal properties. Surface characterization showed no chemical interaction between beeswax and expanded graphite. The thermal conductivity of the composite was improved with 117% enhancement. The thermal performance of beeswax and its composite as a heat storage material was studied in a rectangular shell-and-tube thermal storage unit. The melting point of the composite remained almost same as that of beeswax; however, the melting time was reduced considerably, from 540 to 360 min with inlet water at 80°C and a 2-lpm flow rate.     

复合相变材料应用于电子散热的热分析

基于显热容法,建立复合相变材料应用于电子散热的传热模型及相应的数值计算方法,利用Icepak软件进行数值计算,分析了温度场及流场分布。模拟结果与实验测量值相接近,其最大相对误差为8.8%,说明所采用的数值模型及相关简化处理正确。借助热分析方法可以真实地模拟系统的热状况,从而为电子设备的热设计和热管理提供依据。     

空调蓄冷材料研究现状及其新进展

分析了空调蓄冷材料研究现状及存在的一些问题 ,提出研制一种新型空调复合蓄冷材料 ,通过实验 ,分析该蓄冷材料的融点、融解热等热学性能。并通过实验研究寻找到了一种新型空调蓄冷材料 ,测试结果表明该蓄冷材料具有较高的相变潜热、适宜的相变温度和较好的热稳定性 ,因此可被应用于蓄冷空调系统中。