Coulomb expansion of laser-excited ion plasmas

We determine the electric field in mm-sized clouds of cold Rb+ ions, produced by photoionization of laser-cooled 87Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap, using the Stark effect of embedded Rydberg atoms. The dependence of the electric field on the time delay between the ion plasma production and the probe of the electric field reflects the Coulomb expansion of the plasma. Our experiments and models show expansion times <1micros.     

Nitrogen atom detection in low-pressure flames by two-photon laser-excited fluorescence

Nitrogen atoms have been detected in stoichiometric flat premixed H₂/O₂/N₂ flames at 33 and 96 mbar doped with small amounts of NH₃, HCN, and (CN)₂ using two-photon laser excitation at 211 nm and fluorescence detection around 870 nm. The shape of the fluorescence intensity profiles versus height above the burner surface is markedly different for the different additives. Using measured quenching rate coefficients and calibrating with the aid of known N-atom concentrations in a discharge flow reactor, peak N-atom concentrations in these flames are estimated to be on the order of 10¹²–5×10¹³ cm^–3; the detection limit is about 1×10¹¹ cm^–3.     

Resonant fluorescence of gaseous bromine excited by the 5145 Å radiation of a single longitudinal mode argon ion laser

The resonant fluorescent spectra of gaseous bromine excited by the single longitudinal mode 5145 Å radiation of an argon ion laser were reinvestigated. Three new transitions were found in addition to the five previously reported. The excitation frequency and the fluorescent line positions from Δv = 1 to Δv = 9 were carefully measured for each of the eight transitions. The fluorescent lines of Δv = 5 and Δv = 10 are too weak to be detected. The isotopic molecules and the vibration-rotation states involved were assigned. All the fluorescent line positions up to Δv = 10 were calculated, and they agreed with the observed values to within 0.2 cm^?1. The relative intensities in each progression also agreed with the known Franck-Condon factors.     

Dimethyl-s-tetrazine vapor: Visible absorption,laser-excited fluorescence,and photophysics

Except for broader bands, hot bands, and a 500-cm^?1 shift of the 0-0 band to higher frequencies, dimethyl-s-tetrazine as a vapor is found to exhibit the same visible absorption and excited-state zero-level emission spectra that it does when dissolved in p-xylene at 4.2 K and below. Vibrational frequencies in both $\text{A}\text{?}{}^1\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{3u}}$ and $\text{X}\text{?}{}^1\text{A}{}_{\mathrm{g}}$ states show almost no solvent effects. Even an unusual “negative” anharmonicity of the principal progression-forming mode ν_6a in the ground state is the same in both phases. Franck-Condon activity also is independent of phase; in fact, for ν_6a it is the same as for s-tetrazine in the vapor phase. Single vibronic level excitations into the 0-0, 6a₀¹, 1₀¹, and 6a₀² bands show that vibrational relaxation is appreciable for pressures of a Torr and greater. Mode-to-mode flow does not follow the propensity rules exhibited by the S₁ state of benzene. Rotational relaxation and competition of collisional relaxations with predissociation are revealed when foreign gas is added.     

Projectile fluorescence yields in heavy ion collisions

Fluorescence yields of highly ionized projectiles entering thin solid foils are determined from a target-thickness analysis of projectile and target K X-ray cross sections. Values are obtained for 20–80 MeV Cl ions on Cu and compared with scaling calculations.     

纳秒激光电离产生Kr17 + 的研究

随着激光技术 ,尤其是超快、超强激光技术的发展 ,强光场与原子、分子及团簇的相互作用 ,已成为近年来人们研究的热点[1 -8] .团簇分子与超快超强光场之间的相互作用 ,可以产生高价态离子以及高能电子 ,并产生强X射线发射甚至实现“台式核聚变” ,已引起广泛的重视 .Kr气及其团簇的强场电离 ,近年也有不少研究 .利用波长 1 .0 64μm的皮秒Nd YAG激光 ,Huillier等人在 1 0 1 3 ～ 1 0 1 4 W/cm2 光场强度下 ,研究了氪气的多光子电离过程 ,观察到 +4价的氪高价离子[7] .Castleman等人利用 80 0nm ,功率密度为 1 0 1 5W/cm2 的飞秒激光 ,对…     

Beam-foil level lifetimes in Krypton III

The radiative lifetimes of levels in doubly-ionized Krypton have been measured after foil excitation of a beam of Krypton particles in the wavelength range 120nm–500nm. The results are compared with the experimental values obtained by Fink et al. [1], as well as theoretical values resulting from Coulomb approximation (C.A.) and single configuration Hartree-Fock (H.F.) calculations.     

Entropy driven atomic motion in laser-excited bismuth

We introduce a thermodynamical model based on the two-temperature approach in order to fully understand the dynamics of the coherent A(1g) phonon in laser-excited bismuth. Using this model, we simulate the time evolution of (111) Bragg peak intensities measured by Fritz et al. [Science 315, 633 (2007)] in femtosecond x-ray diffraction experiments performed on a bismuth film for different laser fluences. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is striking not only because we use fluences very close to the experimental ones but also because most of the model parameters are obtained from ab initio calculations performed for different electron temperatures.     

Krypton ion irradiation-induced amorphization and nano-crystal formation in pyrochlore Lu_2Ti_2O_7 at room temperature

Polycrystalline pyrochlore Lu2Ti2O7 pellets are irradiated with 600-ke V Kr3+ions up to a fluence of 1.45 ×1016Kr3+/cm2. Irradiation induced structural modifications are examined by using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction(GIXRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The GIXRD reveals that amorphous fraction increases with the increase of fluences up to 2 × 1015Kr3+/cm2, and the results are explained with a direct-impact model.However, when the irradiation fluence is higher than 2 × 1015Kr3+/cm2, the amorphous fraction reaches a saturation of~80%. Further TEM observations imply that nano-crystal is formed with a diameter of ~10 nm within the irradiation layer at a fluence of 4 × 1015Kr3+/cm2. No full amorphization is achieved even at the highest fluence of 1.45 × 1016Kr3+/cm2(~36 displacement per atom). The high irradiation resistance of pyrochlore Lu2Ti2O7 at higher fluence is explained on the basis of enhanced radiation tolerance of nano-crystal structure.     

Krypton incorporation in sputtered silicon films

The incorporation of Kr in sputtered a-Si films has been investigated in a systematic way by varying the Kr to Si flux, yielding Kr concentrations up to 5 at%. Compositions were determined with X-ray microanalysis. A model has been applied to describe the composition of the growing film. The layers were characterized by positron annihilation, Raman spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The present results clearly indicate that ion assisted growth leads to a strong reduction of open volume defects, and that the Kr resides in very small clusters.     

氪的贝特面

用高分辨快电子能量损失谱方法, 在入射电子能量2.5 keV、激发能范围8-88 eV、动量转移范围0.056-3.56 ato. unit的条件下, 测量了氪的贝特面, 并进一步分析了贝特面的特性.     

Nanoscale depth-resolved coherent femtosecond motion in laser-excited bismuth

We employ grazing-incidence femtosecond x-ray diffraction to characterize the coherent, femtosecond laser-induced lattice motion of a bismuth crystal as a function of depth from the surface with a temporal resolution of 193+/-8 fs. The data show direct consequences on the lattice motion from carrier diffusion and electron-hole interaction, allowing us to estimate an effective diffusion rate of D=2.3+/-0.3 cm(2)/s for the highly excited carriers and an electron-hole interaction time of 260+/-20 fs.     

Glass composition dependence of Eu ion red fluorescence

Eu³⁺ ion-doped B₂O₃-, SiO₂-, and P₂O₅-based glasses were prepared by the melt-quenching method, and their absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra were recorded and assigned. The glass composition dependence of the fluorescence was investigated to obtain the high brightness of the red fluorescence due to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of the Eu³⁺ ion. The integrated intensity of the red fluorescence was the strongest at the Eu₂O₃ concentration of 3.5 mol% because the cross-relaxation (CR) processes, (⁵L₆→⁵D_J^′)→(⁷F_J^*←⁷F_J^#) and (⁵D_J→⁵D_J^′)→(⁷F_J^*←⁷F_J^#) (3≧J>J′≧0, 6≧J^*>J^#≧0) between the Eu³⁺ ions were promoted, but the CR processes, (⁵D₀→⁷F_J^′)→∑_m(⁷F_J^*←⁷F_J^″)_m (6≧J′≧0, 6≧J^*>J^″≧0), between the excited Eu³⁺ ion at the ⁵D₀ level and m ions of Eu³⁺ in the ⁷F_J^″ levels were depressed. The former CR processes, (⁵L₆→⁵D_J^′)→(⁷F_J^*←⁷F_J^#) and (⁵D_J→⁵D_J^′)→(⁷F_J^*←⁷F_J^#) were enhanced in the host glasses consisted of the cations with small ionic radius. In this study, a 70B₂O₃-30CaO-3.5Eu₂O₃ glass showed the strongest red fluorescence.