高效强流径向分离腔振荡器研究

根据同轴虚阴极的结构特点,提出了一种紧凑型径向分离腔振荡器,该径向分离腔的特点是输入电子束的电流可以很大,从而可以得到较高的微波输出功率. 综合考虑影响微波输出的各种因素,在电子束为410kV,电流为35kA的条件下,模拟得到的平均功率大于50GW,频率为146GHz,电子束功率效率达到348%. 关键词： 径向分离腔 高功率微波 同轴虚阴极 电子束分布     

充空气的同轴慢波结构高功率微波器件粒子模拟

 粒子模拟了电子碰撞空气产生的等离子体对同轴慢波结构高功率微波器件的影响,并且在充空气条件下对器件结构参数进行了进一步优化。模拟表明,气压越高,产生的二极管电流越大,二极管电压越低,频率越低。等离子体离子对电子束的空间电荷中和及等离子体电子对微波的能量吸收共同影响输出微波功率的大小。在一定的气压范围内,提高气压能够提高输出功率,此时等离子体离子对电子束的空间电荷中和起主导作用。气压高于一定值时,所产生的等离子体电子强烈吸收微波,输出功率迅速下降,甚至引起脉冲缩短。此外,由于等离子体的存在,器件最佳相互作用区长度以及最优端面反射系数均有可能发生改变。最后还对慢波结构周期数以及漂移段长度等进行了研究,优化的器件内、外导体周期数为11和8.5,慢波结构前端以及内外慢波结构末端分别接4, 17和2 mm的漂移段,在气压4 Pa下获得了1.64 GW的输出功率,效率39%。     

利用波导截止特性测量微波源辐射功率

 对波导的截止特性作了理论分析,并分析了利用该特性进行高功率微波功率测量的可行性及准确性。在远场条件下,利用该特性对工作频率为1.75 GHz的磁绝缘线振荡器进行了微波功率测量。测量结果表明：微波源辐射功率2.3 GW,辐射模式为TM01主模,实测辐射模式方向图与模拟计算结果一致,微波脉宽大于40 ns,未发现明显的功率击穿现象;使用波导截止特性测量微波功率是可行的,有利于防止接收喇叭的功率击穿,测量精度较高。     

平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算及解析修正

提出了一种基于时域反射原理的平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算方法,利用该方法借助CST软件构建模型对平行板传输线的特性阻抗值进行了仿真计算,同时重点研究了下极板展宽结构对特性阻抗值的影响。以仿真计算结果为基础,对原有特性阻抗公式进行了修正,提出了包含下极板展宽结构在内的不对称结构的平行板传输线阻抗计算公式,该公式可作为计算有界波模拟器等电磁脉冲模拟装置特性阻抗的参考公式。     

一种基于微波谐振测量Sagnac效应的新方案

目前光学陀螺的主要工作原理是Sagnac效应, 如何提高Sagnac效应的测量精度是提高陀螺精度的一个重要研究课题. 传统的光学陀螺利用光短波长的特性来提高检测精度. 但考虑到微波的相位(频率)检测精度远高于光波的相位(频率)检测精度, 如果能够利用微波实现Sagnac效应的检测, 就能得到比光学陀螺更高的检测精度, 从而为实现高精度的微波陀螺提供了可能. 利用基于光电振荡器的光载微波结构实现了微波Sagnac效应的检测. 实验结果证明了微波检测Sagnac效应的可行性, 为将来实现高精度的微波谐振陀螺打下基础.     

基于Wheeler's Conforming Mapping扩展变换法的聚合物电光调制器特性研究

基于Wheeler变换模型,提出了一种分析多层介质微波特征参数的方法--Wheeler's Conforming Mapping扩展变换法,并利用该方法得到了微波特征参数与各层介质参数之间的表达式,在此基础上分析了微带电极的微波特性参数. 与准静态有限元法(QS-FEM)相比,Wheeler's Conforming Mapping扩展变换法不仅计算准确而且具有更高的计算效率. 将该方法应用于聚合物电光调制器的特性研究,对传统模型进行改进,通过添加补偿层来调整微波等效折射率和特征阻抗,改善微波与光波有效折射率的失配度,在理论上实现了聚合物电光调制器的速率和阻抗的同时匹配. 关键词： Wheeler扩展变换法 微带电极 特征参数 等效介电常数     

X波段高功率高增益多注相对论速调管放大器设计

针对器件工程应用中的高功率高增益需求,设计了工作在X波段的高功率高增益多注相对论速调管放大器,建立了带输入、输出波导结构的三维整管模型。设计双边对称耦合孔输入腔结构,降低了输入波导对输入腔间隙电场均匀性的影响以抑制非均匀干扰模式;设计采用多腔多间隙群聚结构,降低了输入微波功率的需求,提高了器件放大增益;并且分析设计了多间隙扩展互作用微波提取结构,提高了器件的功率转换效率以及降低输出结构表面电场强度。通过优化设计,粒子模拟仿真实现X波段多注相对论速调管放大器输出微波功率达到3.2 GW,器件放大增益约为60 dB,功率转换效率约为40%。器件验证实验在电子束电压550 kV,电流5.1 kA的情况下,输出功率为0.99 GW,放大增益约为53 dB,转换效率约为35%。     

同轴波导虚阴极振荡器二极管参数优化的研究

采用粒子模拟研究了同轴波导虚阴极振荡器二极管参数对微波效率和频率的影响,得到了由二极管参数改变引起的二极管阻抗变化及其对微波效率的影响规律. 借鉴具有慢波结构的高功率微波器件中微波模式特性阻抗的计算方法,给出同轴波导虚阴极振荡器中微波主模式特性阻抗的理论计算公式. 将理论计算结果与由粒子模拟对器件进行优化后得到的二极管阻抗进行比较,发现当反映电子束特性的二极管阻抗与微波主模式特性阻抗匹配时,虚阴极振荡器具有较高的束波功率转换效率. 进一步用特性阻抗对其他几种典型结构的虚阴极振荡器进行分析,验证了该方法的合理性,为设计高效率虚阴极振荡器提供了理论指导. 关键词： 虚阴极振荡器 同轴波导 二极管参数 特性阻抗     

微波场作用下三能级原子系统的无反转光放大

研究了外加微波场作用下三能级原子系统的无粒子数反转放大特性. 通过求解系统的密度矩阵方程得到其探测吸收谱. 结果表明, 介质对探测场的吸收呈现多峰结构, 并且在强微波驱动场的作用下, 特定范围内出现了明显的负吸收(即光放大). 进一步定量分析各能级粒子数布居随作用场强度的变化, 揭示出该三能级原子系统呈现无粒子数反转光放大的规律. 最后, 采用缀饰态理论对探测吸收特性做出了准确的解释.     

毫米波大功率脉冲衰减器渐变结构的匹配研究

首先提出一种适合于毫米波大功率脉冲衰减器的结构形式，然后，用里兹－瑞利法分析了它的截面阻抗值，根据阻抗值，提出渐变线的一种优化方法。经实验验证，这种渐变结构的衰减器具有很低的驻波，同时也可有很高的功率容量。     

低温共烧陶瓷铁氧体环行器的设计与分析

基于叠层片式化结构对工作于S波段的低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)铁氧体环行器进行设计和分析,模拟研究了器件制备中面临的关键问题对器件频率特性的影响。研究结果表明,采用微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层构成混合结构,匹配电路以三维方式进行布线和互联,器件可以获得优良的带内特性。在器件的三维电路布线中,当连接两节阻抗线的导体圆柱端口气隙高度达到20μm时,器件的传输特性和隔离特性急剧恶化。此外,研究还发现微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层出现分层时,形成的气隙高度不应大于20μm,否则将导致器件的传输特性和隔离特性显著降低。因此,在进行LTCC铁氧体环行器的制备时,导体圆柱与陶瓷介质层以及微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层的异质材料匹配共烧是保障器件优良性能的关键。     

Improvement in performance of traveling wave electroabsorption modulator with asymmetric intra-step-barrier coupled double strained quantum wells the active region, segmented transmission-line and mushroom-type waveguide

In this paper, asymmetric intra-step-barrier coupled double strained quantum wells structure (AICD-SQW), segmented transmission-line and mushroom-type waveguide that improve the performance of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators (TWEAM) are presented. The AICD-SQW structure shows that electroabsorption modulator properties such as large change in absorption, high extinction ratio, large Stark shift, very low insertion loss, zero chirp, and higher figures of merit are possible to be achieved simultaneously as compared with intra-step quantum well (IQW). The segmented transmission-line method allows us to design a TWEAM with above 25 Ω impedance and very high bandwidth. Furthermore, increasing the width of p-cladding layer with the same active layer to reduce the resistance in p-i-n mushroom-type waveguide of TWEAM based on AICD-SQW improve the microwave propagation loss and thus the high-speed electro-optical response. For this purpose, the transmission-line microwave properties of TWEAM such as microwave index, microwave loss, and characteristic impedance are obtained for active and passive segments of transmission-line. Then equivalent circuit model elements are extracted. The modulation response of segmented transmission-line mushroom-type TWEAM is obtained by HSPICE simulation and compared to circuit model simulation results of conventional mushroom-type TWEAM counterpart. The analysis results indicate that the segmented transmission-line mushroom-type TWEAM can achieve much wider bandwidth than the conventional mushroom-type TWEAM counterpart, with a small penalty in electro-optic conversion gain due to AICD-SQW structure.     

Microwave peak absorption frequency of liquid

Microwave-assisted extraction is a new effective method which has practical applications in many fields. Microwave heating is one of its physical mechanisms, and it also has the characteristic of selectivity. When the applied microwave frequency equals a certain absorption frequency of the material (or specific component), the material will intensively absorb microwave energy. This is also known as resonant absorption, and the frequency is called the peak absorption frequency which depends on the physical structure of the material. In this work, dynamic hydrogen bond energy was included in molecular activation energy; with the liquid cell model, the expression of interaction energy between dipolar molecules was derived. The rotational relaxation time was gotten from the Eyring viscosity formula. Then based on the relationship between dielectric dissipation coefficient and relaxation time, the expression of microwave peak absorption frequency as a function of the material physical structure, rotational inertia and electrical dipole moment of molecules was established. These theoretical formulas were applied to water and benzene, and the calculated results agree fairly well with the experimental data. This work can not only deepen the study of the interaction between microwave and material, but also provide a possible guide for the experiment of microwave-assisted extraction. Supported by the Guangdong Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 2007A050100025) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10674048)     

平面磁绝缘线振荡器的作用机理及模拟设计

针对当前高功率微波(HPM)中的热点器件磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO) 频率低、效率低等问题,提出了一种可以沿x方向平面展开的平面MILO。该器件也是一种低阻抗高功率微波器件,通过一个低外加磁场来代替常规MILO中的磁绝缘电流,辅助实现器件的磁绝缘,从而实现器件效率的提高。结合PIC模拟,建立一个外加低磁场的C波段平面MILO,并根据其慢波结构(平面折绉表面)特点给出相应的色散曲线,确定微波器件工作点,利用2.5维全电磁粒子模拟软件对其进行数值模拟,在输入为4.0 GW电功率(工作电压约800 kV)的条件下,模拟得到频率为6.56 GHz的微波输出,通过优化外加磁场,使得模拟微波输出功率达到1.22 GW,功率效率在C波段条件下超过30%。     

压缩空气微波等离子体发射光谱的实验研究

利用微波等离子体发生装置,以压缩空气为工作气体,在1～5 atm气压下激发了微波等离子体。使用光谱测量系统,对不同气压和不同入射微波功率情况下的压缩空气微波等离子体的发射光谱进行了实验研究。结果显示,在其他条件不变时,随着气压升高,压缩空气微波等离子体的带状连续谱特征逐渐减弱;随着入射微波功率降低,带状连续谱强度逐渐减弱而带状连续谱特征依然显著。实验结果为了解压缩空气微波等离子体的光谱特性和NO活性基团的产生条件提供了实验依据。     

On the modal spectrum of the channel waveguide

The modal spectrum of the channel waveguide, that is a rectangular waveguide without one of the side walls, is studied, including higher-order modes. Both cases of the flanged structure and of the open-ended one are considered, solving the characteristic equations in the complex plane. The analysis is of interest for the understanding of recently noticed coupling phenomena in leaky-wave antennas and in shielded planar structures, and for applications to microwave hyperthermia.     

基于小型化结构的各向同性负磁导率材料与左手材料

提出了一种双面环各向同性结构单元模型, 理论与实验研究了其微波电磁谐振行为. 结果表明: 在电磁波平行入射和垂直入射条件下, 该结构可在同一频段实现磁谐振, 且在谐振频段磁导率为负; 当电磁波以不同角度斜入射时, 其产生负磁导率频段也保持不变, 即该结构的电磁特性不依赖于入射角度, 双面环结构具有各向同性的特点. 将双面环结构与金属线结构组合, 该组合结构具有负折射率. 另外,双面环结构还具有小型化的优点, 在不增加结构单元几何尺寸的情况下, 通过在结构单元中引入金属化过孔的方法, 增加结构单元的电长度, 可使谐振频率大幅度地向低频方向移动, 使其在低频工作时 仍保持小型化的优点. 在双面环结构中引入金属化过孔技术可使谐振单元的几何尺寸减小50%, 在微波器件、滤波器、天线等领域有广阔的应用前景.     

Analysis of velocity-matched Ti:LiNbO3 optical intensity modulators with an extended point-matching method

The point-matching method has been extended to analyse a travelling-wave electrode structure for shielded velocity-matched Ti:LiNbO₃ Mach-Zehnder optical modulators. This method provides a simple and fast approach to analysing the coplanar waveguide with buffer layer, cover shield, and electrodes of finite thickness. The calculated characteristic impedances and microwave effective indices agree well with those obtained using the spectral domain technique and the finite-element method. It is found that in the coplanar waveguide without cover shield it is difficult to achieve velocity matching. The coplanar waveguide with cover shield can be used to achieve velocity matching, but the corresponding characteristic impedance is lower than 50. Both velocity matching and impedance matching can be obtained using a narrow centre electrode. The calculated electric field has been used to estimate the modulation efficiency of the device. Velocity matching can be achieved by adjusting the height of the cover shield, but a compromise must be made between high interaction efficiency and low microwave reflection when choosing the buffer layer thickness and the electrode thickness.     

Microwave irradiation effects on random telegraph signal in a MOSFET

We report on the change of the characteristic times of the random telegraph signal (RTS) in a MOSFET operated under microwave irradiation up to 40 GHz as the microwave field power is raised. The effect is explained by considering the time dependency of the transition probabilities due to a harmonic voltage generated by the microwave field that couples with the wires connecting the MOSFET. The RTS experimental data are in agreement with the prediction obtained with our model.     

Properties of the band gap of two-dimensional plasma photonic crystals

Employing the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we study the filtering properties of twodimensional plasma photonic crystals. We show that the transmission spectra of the defects in the plasma photonic crystals vary with change in the defect location, its radius, the plasma frequency, and the frequency of electron–ion collisions in the plasma. We demonstrate that the two-dimensional defect structure from the viewpoint of its frequency characteristic (such as an adjustable filter characteristic) is similar to the one-dimensional structure. We find that by changing the parameters of the defect location, the plasma frequency, and the frequency of electron–ion collisions in the plasma, one can obtain different ranges of transmission peaks at different frequencies, which fully reflects the adjustable filter characteristics of the structure. Therefore, the two-dimensional structure is more important than the one-dimensional structure, and it can be used to produce actual microwave devices.