石墨烯-壳聚糖复合物修饰电极构建电化学免疫传感器对1-芘丁酸的检测研究

采用石墨烯(GS)和壳聚糖(CS)复合膜修饰玻碳电极(GS-CS/GCE),利用1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)(4∶1)活化GS-CS/GCE,共价固定多环芳烃抗体(anti-PAHs),构建灵敏度高、稳定性好的非标记电流型免疫传感器,用于1-芘丁酸(PBA)的检测。运用扫描电子显微镜对GS-CS复合膜的形貌进行表征。在pH 7.0含10 mmol/L K3Fe(CN)6和0.1 mmol/L KCl的磷酸盐溶液中,通过循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究修饰电极表面的电化学性质,并考察了免疫传感器的电化学性能。研究表明,由于石墨烯和壳聚糖的协同作用,GS-CS修饰的玻碳电极在Fe(CN)64-/3-溶液中的峰电流明显增大,有利于提高免疫传感器的灵敏度。在优化实验条件下,电极表面的anti-PAHs抗体固定量显著提高,增强了电极的分子识别性能。由于anti-PAHs抗体-抗原结合物的导电性较差,免疫传感器的峰电流随着待测溶液中PBA浓度的增大而减小,PBA浓度在0.1～80μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.03μg/L。该免疫传感器重现性好、特异性强,用于实际样品的测定,回收率为90%～105%。     

纳米铂-石墨烯修饰电极电化学检测1-羟基芘

该文以氧化石墨烯和氯铂酸混合液为前驱体,采用一步电沉积法制备了纳米铂/还原氧化石墨烯修饰电极(Pt/E-rGO/GCE),通过差分脉冲伏安法对1-羟基芘进行原位富集检测。结果表明,当溶液pH 2.0,制备Pt/E-rGO/GCE的电沉积圈数为5圈时,在50～700 nmol/L范围内,1-羟基芘浓度与还原峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.976,检出限(S/N=3)为12.1 nmol/L。该方法的稳定性、重现性及抗干扰能力良好,将其应用于尿样的检测,回收率为99.7%～108%,相对标准偏差为3.2%～4.2%。Pt/E-rGO/GCE的良好性能对电化学传感器的构建具有一定的实用价值。     

壳聚糖-纳米金复合膜修饰电化学发光免疫传感器检测人免疫球蛋白G

利用壳聚糖与纳米金良好的生物相容性及蛋白固定能力,制备了兼具导电性和透光性的人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)修饰膜,用于修饰玻碳电极,研制了新型电化学发光免疫传感器,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)及交流阻抗技术(EIS)考查了传感器表面性质.基于竞争免疫分析模式,以Ru(bpy)32+标记的羊抗人IgG为发光示踪物,采用新型共反应剂二丁基乙醇胺(DBAE)对光信号进行放大,建立了人IgG的检测方法,线性范围20ngmL-1～1.0μgmL-1,检测限6.5ngmL-1.将该电化学发光传感器应用于人血中IgG的检测,结果令人满意.     

纳米金信号探针/石墨烯修饰免疫传感器检测微囊藻毒素

利用石墨烯纳米片层(GS)偶联牛血清白蛋白(BSA)标记的微囊藻毒素(MCLR)(BSA-MCLR)构建了纳米金(Au NPs)为信号探针的电流型免疫传感器。分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱对合成纳米材料进行表征;用循环伏安法研究修饰电极表面的电化学特性。通过待测MCLR与固定的BSA-MCLR竞争结合抗体(anti-MCLR),之后恒电位将Au NPs氧化为Au Cl-4,再利用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行阴极电位扫描,还原Au Cl-4为Au,以产生的峰电流值为检测信号,测定MCLR浓度。最佳实验条件下,用免疫传感器测定MCLR的线性范围为0.1~50μg/L,检出限为0.05μg/L。对传感器的重现性、稳定性和选择性进行了考察。相较于酶标探针,以Au NPs为信号探针标记抗体,可使检测过程更经济便捷,稳定性更强,检测效果良好。     

石墨烯-壳聚糖修饰电极构建石杉碱甲免疫传感器

通过将石杉碱甲抗体(anti-HupA)固定到由还原态氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖(r GO/CS)复合膜修饰的玻碳电极表面,制备高灵敏度的电化学免疫传感器,利用石杉碱甲抗原抗体特异性反应可阻断[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-氧化还原反应体系电子转移的特点,建立了检测石杉碱甲(Hup A)的电化学免疫传感器分析方法。采用循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)及差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究Hup A在[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-氧化还原体系的电化学行为,利用DPV法测定Hup A浓度。在优化条件下,15 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]+0. 1 mol/L KCl+0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 6. 5)测试体系中,Hup A浓度的对数与峰电流差值在1. 0×10-13~1. 0×10-10mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为1. 000 0,检出限为3. 0×10-14mol/L,回收率为99. 4%~102%。该方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简单、绿色环保等特点,可用于中药材中石杉碱甲浓度的快速检测。     

基于纳米金／壳聚糖掺杂碳纳米管修饰金电极非标记免疫传感器的研究

应用吸附法将羊抗人IgG抗体直接固定于纳米金(GNPs)/壳聚糖(Chit)掺杂碳纳米管(CNTs)修饰的金电极表面,制备了用于人IgG抗原检测的非标记电化学免疫传感器.利用循环伏安法和交流阻抗研究了修饰电极表面的电化学特性,用差分脉冲伏安法研究了测试底液的pH值对免疫传感器性能的影响.实验表明,在含不同浓度人IgG的...     

壳聚糖纳米球和纳米金修饰葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

构造了一种以碳纳米管接枝的壳聚糖为基底,然后将羧基二茂铁电聚合在其氨基化的表面,利用负电荷的表面组装PDDA保护的纳米金,最后通过静电吸附葡萄糖氧化酶,制得了新型的葡萄糖生物传感器。在优化的实验条件下,该传感器的响应电流与其浓度在3.0×10-6~2.9×10-3mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为1.4×10-6mol/L。此外,该传感器还具有灵敏度高、稳定性好和抗干扰能力强等特点。     

基于纳米金/壳聚糖/石墨烯的癌胚抗原阻抗型免疫传感器

研究了在PBS缓冲介质中,一种检测癌胚抗原的新型免标记阻抗型免疫传感器的制备及应用,基于石墨烯、纳米金在玻碳电极表面组装制备传感器,通过循环伏安法、交流阻抗法对制备的传感器进行表征。在优化的实验条件下,该免疫传感器的阻抗值随着检测溶液中癌胚抗原(CEA)浓度的增大而增大,并在0.1～85 ng/mL CEA范围内呈线性关系,回归方程为△Ret=1605.55+39.26ρ;检测限为0.04 ng/mL(R=0.9992)。该免疫传感器可用于临床上对CEA的检测。     

1-芘丁酸/石墨烯复合物的电化学性质及其在葡萄糖传感器上的应用

本文采用一步法制备了1-芘丁酸/石墨烯复合物(PBA/G),研究了其电化学性质. 采用铁氰化钾和亚铁氰化钾电化学探针测定了电化学阻抗滴定曲线,确定了PBA/G的表观pK_a为6.2. 此外,将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)共价键合在PBA/G表面构建了葡萄糖电化学传感器,其电化学响应与葡萄糖浓度（5 mmol L^-1浓度范围内）呈线性,检测限为0.085 mmol L^-1. 实验还测定了固定在PBA/G表面的GOD的表观米氏常数为5.40 mmol L^-1,表明固定化的GOD对葡萄糖有较高的催化活性。     

基于纳米金与碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物固定癌胚抗原免疫传感器的研究

采用纳米金(nano-Au)、多壁碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖的纳米复合物(MWNT-Pt-CS)及电子媒介体硫堇(Th)固载抗体制得高灵敏癌胚抗原免疫传感器．首先, 于壳聚糖溶液中用NaBH4还原H2PtCl6, 并将多壁碳纳米管分散于其中制得碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖纳米复合物, 并将其滴涂在玻碳电极上成膜; 然后, 吸附电子媒介体硫堇制得硫堇/碳纳米管-纳米铂-壳聚糖(Th/MWNT-Pt-CS)修饰电极．利用壳聚糖和硫堇分子中大量的氨基固定纳米金并吸附癌胚抗体(anti-CEA); 最后, 用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)封闭活性位点从而制得高灵敏电流型免疫传感器．在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器响应的峰电流值与癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen)浓度在0.5～10和10～120 ng/mL的范围内保持良好的线性关系, 检测限为0.2 ng/mL．     

Nafion膜修饰无分离步骤的IgM电化学免疫传感器研究

发展了一种基于Nation膜修饰电极构制的无分离步骤的异相免疫分析法,羊抗人IgM抗血清和邻氨基酚通过Nation膜固定在电极表面,形成生物敏感膜。采用竞争吸附免疫分析法,以HRP—IgM作标记物,只有结合在生物敏感膜的酶标物才能催化邻氨基酚与H2O2的反应,产生电分析信号,从而与游离在溶液里的酶标物区分开。因此分析过程勿需洗脱步骤,简化了分析过程,在优化的条件下,对IgM的检测范围为0．07～1．8mg／L。该分析技术操作简单、分析速度快。     

Reusable Amperometric Immunosensor for the Determination of Cortisol

Abstract

A novel reusable amperometric immunosensor was developed for the determination of cortisol by co-immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (POD) and cortisol-antibody on a chemically activated affinity membrane which is mounted over the tip of an oxygen electrode. The enzymatic electrocatalytic current response to the respective substrate is inhibited by the association of the antigen to the co-immobilized antibody. The sensor can be regenerated to facilitate several assays by washing with dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The advantages of the sensor include rapid-response, simple analysis methodology and high selectivity. The calibration curve for cortisol is linear in the concentration range of 1 × 10^?7 – 1 × 10^?5M. The optimal conditions of immobilization and pH have been studied. The inhibition of enzymatic activity was confirmed by luminescence measurement utilizing the luminol- H₂O₂-POD system.     

基于新型聚钙羧酸修饰电极的甲胎蛋白电化学免疫传感器研究

通过电聚合制得新型聚钙羧酸修饰电极并用于构建检测甲胎蛋白（AFP）的高灵敏电化学免疫传感器. 采用扫描电镜（SEM）、电化学交流阻抗（EIS）观察、表征修饰电极和AFP单克隆抗体（Ab1）固定前后的差异. 固定Ab1的电极与一定浓度的AFP、辣根过氧化物酶联AFP单克隆抗体（HRP-Ab2）反应,形成夹心型免疫复合物. 辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）催化3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺（TMB）底物产生电流信号,实现AFP浓度的测定. 本检测方法灵敏度高,重现性好.     

Determination of Gentamicin with an Amperometric Enzyme Immunosensor

A new version of enzyme immunoassay with the use of an amperometric immunosensor was proposed for the determination of an aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. The biosensing part of the enzyme immunosensor simultaneously incorporates immobilized enzyme cholinesterase and antibodies against gentamicin. The detection limit for gentamicin in this method is 1 × 10^–9 mg/mL. The time of determination is no longer than 20 min. The stability constants of the immunocomplex and the kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reaction in its presence were determined. Gentamicin was determined in samples of pharmaceutical preparations and foodstuffs (milk).     

Gold Nanoparticles Modified Titania Nanotube Arrays for Amperometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid

Development and use of highly ordered, vertically aligned TiO₂ nanotube arrays modified with gold nanoparticles for the selective detection of ascorbic acid (AA) in the presence of uric acid and glucose are reported here. Gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the Nanotube arrays by CV. The sensor was characterized using SEM, EDS, CV, and EIS. It showed very good performance with a sensitivity of 46.8 μA mM^?1 cm^?2, response time below 2 seconds and linearity in the range of 1 μM to 5 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM and was tested for the AA concentration in pharmaceutical preparations.     

基于复合纳米微粒修饰电极的氯霉素快速检测用磁场可控一次性安培免疫传感器研究

在丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE)表面涂敷一层碳纳米管(CNT)/二茂铁(Fc)/Nafion膜,进而通过外磁场作用将包被了氯霉素-牛血清蛋白(CAP-BSA)的纳米金磁微粒[Fe3O4(核)/Au(壳),简称GMP]吸附到其表面,构建了可用于CAP检测的磁场可控一次性安培免疫传感器.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRFS)表征了免疫传感器的制备过程,采用循环伏安法(CV)和示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了免疫传感器的电化学性质,结合竞争性免疫分析法测定了CAP浓度.免疫传感器在含有100ng·mL-1anti-CAP的25μLpH=6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中加入不同浓度的CAP,并在25℃下温育6min,DPV还原峰电流上升百分比(CI%)与CAP浓度在0.2～80.0ng·mL―1范围内呈线性关系,检测限为0.11ng·mL―1.用于牛奶样品中CAP检测并和标准HPLC方法对照,结果一致,回收率在88%～104%之间.该免疫传感器灵敏快速、外磁场可控、样品用量小、可抛弃,有望用于食品中痕量CAP快速检测.     

基于巯基自组装单层膜的植物生长激素吲哚乙酸电化学免疫传感器的研究

提出了一种酶标识抗原与待测样品的竞争免疫反应定量测定IAA的方法．该方 法是基于金基底上形成了均一、稳定、有序的硫基自组装单层膜，能以共价方式固 定抗体．利用循环伏安法探讨了底物在不同条件下的反应特征，并研究了最佳实验 条件．在浓度5．68×10^-7～2.83×10^-5mol/L范围内、-200mV电位下，响应电流 与lg[IAA]呈线性关系，其回归方程；i(nA)=-20.8333×lg(10^6[IAA])+68.9167， 相关系数0.9915。对样品IAA的含量进行测定，结果令人满意．     

Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome C on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with 1-Pyrenebutyric Acid/MWNTs

With 1-Pymnebutyric acid （PBA） and multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs）, glassy carbon electrode modified was successfully prepared. In phosphate buffer solution （pH 7,0）, the direct electrochemistry of cytochrome C （Cyt C） was realized. In the cyclic voltammetry experiment two pairs of redox peaks ofCyt C were observed at 0.018 V and -0.314 V （vs. SCE）, respectively. The redox reaction at 0.018 V was diffusion controlled, while the redox reaction at -0.314 V was adsorption controlled.     

Immunosensor for the Determination of Okadaic Acid Based on Screen-Printed Electrode

A disposable immunosensor for okadaic acid (OA), using a screen-printed electrode (SPE), was developed and characterised. Detection of the product, p-aminophenol, resulting from the reaction catalysed by alkaline phosphatase (AP), was carried out using an amperometric three-electrode system poised at a voltage of + 300 mV versus Ag/AgCl. Alkaline phosphatase was used as a label for the antigen, OA, and two kinds of alkaline phosphatase preparation were studied for the conjugation of okadaic acid. The calibration curve for okadaic acid obtained from the conjugate created from low-activity AP, 969 units/mg, was unsatisfactory in terms of sensitivity, but a high-activity conjugate delivered the required sensitivity and limit of detection. Studies on the stability of the sensor with α-OA antibody and OA-AP conjugate showed that the current response decreased drastically after one day. Stabilisation strategies have been formulated to overcome this problem. The calibration curve obtained with the high activity conjugate was linear up to 40 ng/ml of okadaic acid with a minimum concentration of analyte detected of 5 ng/ml and a detection limit of 2 ng/ml.     

Amperometric Immunosensor for the Detection of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Water

ABSTRACT

An amperometric immunosensor for the determination of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in water has been developed using sequential injection analysis techniques. The system is based on a rapid competitive enzyme immunoassay employing an alkaline phosphatase-labeled monoclonal antibody directed against the herbicide and an immunoreactor with 2,4-D immobilized via bovine serum albumin either to Eupergit in a column or directly to the surface of a glass capillary. The detection limit of the immunosensor at 0.1 μg 2,4-D/l without enrichment of the analyte makes automatic measurements of 2,4-D in drinking and ground water feasible.