含氨基聚芳醚酮/磺化聚芳醚酮砜中高温质子交换复合膜的制备与性能研究

以自制的高磺化度磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)和含有氨基的聚芳醚酮(Am-PAEK)为原料,通过共溶剂涂膜法制备了不同重量比例的Am-PAEK/SPAEKS复合膜.通过高温(160℃)处理使氨基和磺酸基团在复合膜内形成交联,制得交联型复合膜.复合膜的热性能、尺寸稳定性、阻醇性能有所提高,而且交联型复合膜中的Am-PAEK/SPAEKS-C-3质子传导率在120℃时达到了0.0892 S/cm,高于在相同测试条件下SPAEKS膜的0.0654 S/cm和Nafion膜的0.062 S/cm,而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时达到0.14×10-6cm2/s,低于SPAEKS膜的0.85×10-6cm2/s和Nafion膜的2×10-6cm2/s.实验结果表明,Am-PAEK/SPAEKS交联型复合膜有望在中高温质子交换膜燃料电池中得到应用.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用含氨基磺化聚芳醚酮砜交联膜的制备与性能研究

利用亲核缩聚方法合成出带有氨基的磺化度可控的磺化聚芳醚酮砜共聚物(Am-SPAEKS),并在180℃下制备了C-Am-SPAEKS交联膜.红外和氢核磁图表明氨基已被引入到SPAEKS共聚物中,而且AmSPAEKS聚合物中的磺酸基团与氨基反应生成磺酰胺键而形成共价交联.通过对C-Am-SPAEKS膜性能测试发现,氨基与磺酸基团之间发生的共价交联反应使交联膜的致密性增加,从而使膜的甲醇渗透系数显著降低,膜的溶胀性、热稳定性和膜的保水能力都得到了提高.在120℃时C-Am-SPAEKS膜的质子传导率达到了0.0883 S/cm,而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时为0.5×10-7cm2/s,明显低于SPAEKS膜的8.9×10-7cm2/s和Nafion膜的2×10-6cm2/s.实验结果表明,C-Am-SPAEKS膜能够满足质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的使用要求,有望在中高温和直接甲醇燃料电池中得以应用.     

磺化聚芳醚酮砜/聚芳醚砜噁二唑复合型质子交换膜的制备与性能

为了降低质子交换膜(PEM)的甲醇渗透系数和改善PEM在中高温(80~120 ℃)时的质子传导率, 以自制的磺化度(SD)为100%的磺化聚芳醚酮砜(SPAEKS)与聚芳醚砜噁二唑(PAESO)为原料, 采用溶液共混法制备了SPAEKS/PAESO复合膜, 并用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TGA)对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 该复合膜具有较好的化学稳定性和热稳定性. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示, 复合膜具有较好的致密结构, 其甲醇渗透系数为3.9×10^-7~6.6×10^-7 cm²/s, 低于SPAEKS的8.7×10^-7 cm²/s. 在100 ℃时复合膜的质子传导率达到0.074 S/cm, 高于SPAEKS膜的0.066 S/cm.     

用于燃料电池的磺化聚芳醚砜质子交换膜材料的直接合成与性能研究

将磺化二氯二苯砜(SDCDPS)、二氯二苯砜(DCDPS)与4,4′-联苯酚(BP)通过亲核缩聚反应得到一系列具有不同磺化度的磺化聚芳醚砜(SPAES)共聚物.通过FT-IR,TGA和DSC等分析方法对其结构及性能进行表征.并用透射电镜对其内部形态进行分析,建立了结构与性能之间的关系.研究了不同磺化度对膜性能的影响.结果表明,聚合物中磺酸基团的增多导致了磺化聚芳醚砜膜的吸水率、离子交换容量、质子传导率和甲醇渗透系数的增加.通过对膜的综合性能评价发现,磺化度为0.8的磺化聚芳醚砜膜在80℃时的质子传导率为0.116S/cm,100℃时的质子传导率为0.126S/cm,均高于Nafion117膜(0.114S/cm和0.117S/cm),且甲醇渗透系数为8.4×10-7cm2/s,远远低于Nafion117膜(2.1×10-6cm2/s).     

用于直接甲醇燃料电池的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮/聚乙烯醇交联膜的制备与性能研究

以高磺化度的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮(S-SPAEK)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,通过溶液共混的方法在120℃下制备了PVA含量不同的S-SPAEK/PVA交联膜.红外光谱图表明S-SPAEK聚合物中的磺酸基团与PVA中的羟基反应生成酯键而形成共价交联.通过对交联膜的性能测试发现PVA的引入明显降低了膜的甲醇渗透系数,改善了膜的溶胀性,提高了膜的保水能力.S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜水的脱附系数从S-SPAEK的3.1×10-8 cm2/s降低到2.9×10-9 cm2/s.在25℃和60℃时S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜的甲醇渗透系数分别为2.6×10-7cm2/s和3.9×10-7cm2/s,明显低于相同温度下的纯S-SPAEK膜的8.1×10-7cm2/s与14.5×10-7cm2/s,而其质子传导率虽然有所下降,但是在25℃和80℃时分别达到了0.055 S/cm和0.083 S/cm,能够满足直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFCs)对质子交换膜的要求,有望在DMFCs中得到应用.     

含氨基磺化聚芳醚酮砜质子交换膜的制备与性能

通过四元缩聚的方法合成了带有氨基的磺化度可控的磺化聚芳醚酮砜共聚物(Am-SPAEKS). 采用红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了Am-SPAEKS共聚物的结构. 该共聚物膜具有较好的热性能、尺寸稳定性、较高的质子传导率和阻醇能力. 在80℃时Am-SPAEKS-1膜的质子传导率达到0.0894 S/cm, 而其甲醇渗透系数在25℃时为0.24×10^-6 cm²/s, 低于相同温度下SPAEKS膜(0.87×10^-6 cm²/s)和Nafion膜(2×10^-6 cm²/s). 结果表明, Am-SPAEKS膜能够满足质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的使用要求.     

含甲基磺化杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮质子交换膜材料的合成与性能

以4-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮,3,3′-二磺酸钠-4,4′-二氟苯甲酮和4,4′-二氯二苯砜为原料,利用亲核缩聚反应,通过改变磺化单体的含量,制备出一系列不同磺化度的杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(SPPESK-DM).采用FTIR、1H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构,热失重分析仪研究了聚合物的耐热稳定性,以N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮为溶剂采用溶液浇铸法成膜研究该系列聚合物膜的性能.结果表明,SPPESK-DM磺酸基的热分解温度在260℃以上,主链分解温度在410℃以上;膜的吸水率、溶胀率、离子交换容量和质子传导率均随着磺化度的增大而增大,磺化度为1.0的SPPESK-DM50的质子传导率达到1.08×10-2S/cm(85℃),且甲醇渗透系数为2.06×10-7cm2/s,低于Nafion117膜的甲醇渗透系数(2×10-6cm2/s).此系列膜的耐氧化性比较优异,可望用于质子交换膜燃料电池中.     

交联嵌段磺化聚芳醚砜质子交换膜的制备及性能

为提高磺化聚芳醚砜(SPAES)质子交换膜的质子传导率及稳定性, 制备了一系列交联嵌段SPAES质子交换膜(cbSPAES). 采用嵌段共聚方法, 在P₂O₅存在下, 利用磺酸基团与聚合物主链上活泼氢的脱水反应进行交联改性合成嵌段聚合物. 采用电化学阻抗谱技术测定了cbSPAES膜的质子传导率, 通过测试水中膜平面及厚度方向的尺寸变化率评价膜的尺寸稳定性, 通过加速老化试验评价膜的水解稳定性. 结果表明, 与未交联膜相比, cbSPAES膜的尺寸稳定性及水解稳定性明显提高; 在交联程度相同时, cbSPAES膜的吸水率和质子传导率随着磺化链段长度的增加呈上升的趋势. 如cbSPAES(30/10)-10膜在60 ℃水中的吸水率为65%, 平面方向和厚度方向的尺寸变化率分别为0.16和0.18, 质子传导率达到163 mS/cm.     

磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺复合质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

利用溶液浇铸法制备了一系列双磺化型磺化聚芳醚砜/磺化聚酰亚胺(SPAES/SPI)复合质子交换膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示复合膜不存在明显的相分离,表明二者具有很好的相容性.由于SPI的引入,复合膜在甲醇中稳定性较纯SPAES具有大幅的提高,比Nafion112低得多的甲醇吸收率表明了这些复合膜具有比后者更低的甲醇透过率.复合膜显示了与单组分膜相类似的高温分解稳定性,磺酸基团的分解温度达到了290℃以上.复合膜显示出远高于纯SPAES膜的尺寸稳定性能,在130℃高温中200h处理后,所有的复合膜均保持了高的机械性能,而此时纯SPAES膜已经溶解于水中.而且由于两种磺化聚合物间的复合,复合膜维持了较高的IEC水平,显示了较高的质子导电率,在80%相对湿度时的质子导电率与Nafion112相近,而在水中的质子导电率均高于Nafion112.     

侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮质子交换膜材料的制备

本文通过对聚合物的结构设计, 采用均聚的途径将柔顺的大侧基(甲氧基苯基)引入聚芳醚酮侧链, 然后通过室温后磺化的方法成功制备出侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮材料. 此类材料表现出较好的热稳定性; 力学性能优异; 聚合物的质子传导率比报道过的类似材料有较大程度的提高; 于80 ℃时的质子传导率在0.190 S/cm以上, 超过了Nafion 117 薄膜的传导率(0.175 S/cm). 因此这类材料有望在质子交换膜领域得到应用.     

Preliminary evaluation of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/monoethanolamine/adipic acid composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications

A series of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/monoethanolamine/adipic acid (SPEEK/MEA/AA) composite membranes are prepared and investigated to assess their possibility as proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). A preliminary evaluation shows that introducing MEA and AA into SPEEK matrix decreases the thermal stability of membrane. However, the degradation temperatures are still above 260 °C, satisfying the requirement for fuel cell operation. Compared with the pure SPEEK membrane, the composite membranes exhibit not only lower water uptake and swelling ratios but also better mechanical property and oxidative stability. Noticeably, the methanol diffusion coefficient of the composite membranes decrease significantly from 3.15 × 10^?6 to 0.76 × 10^?6 cm²/s with increasing MEA and AA content, accompanied by only a small sacrifice in proton conductivity. Although both the methanol diffusion coefficient and the proton conductivity of composite membranes are lower than those of pure SPEEK and Nafion® 117 membranes, their selectivity (conductivity/methanol diffusion coefficient) are higher. In addition, the composite membranes show excellent stability in aqueous methanol solution. The good thermal and chemical stability, low swelling ratio, excellent mechanical property, low methanol diffusion coefficient, and high selectivity make the use of these composite membranes in DMFCs quite attractive. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2871–2879, 2007     

侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮/磺化聚乙烯醇复合型直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜

通过溶液共混法制备了不同磺化聚乙烯醇(SPVA)含量的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮/磺化聚乙烯醇(S-SPAEK/SPVA)复合膜. 应用红外光谱(FTIR)对复合膜进行了表征, 扫描电镜(SEM)显示SPVA均匀分布在复合膜中. 通过对复合膜的性能测试发现该系列复合膜具有良好的热性能、较高的吸水率和保水能力. SPVA中的羟基能有效地阻碍甲醇的透过, 甲醇渗透系数从S-SPAEK/SPVA5 复合膜的7.9×10^-7 cm²·s^-1降低到S-SPAEK/SPVA30的1.3×10^-7 cm²·s^-1, 比S-SPAEK膜的11.5×10^-7 cm²·s^-1降低了一个数量级. SPVA的引入增加了亲水基团数量, 增加了复合膜的吸水和保水能力, 有利于质子按照“Vehicle”机理和“Grotthuss”机理进行传递, 柔软的SPVA链段与S-SPAEK侧链聚集成亲水相区, 形成连续的质子传输通道, 提高了复合膜的质子传导率. 在25 和80℃ 时, S-SPAEK/SPVA30 复合膜的质子传导率分别达到了0.071 和0.095 S·cm^-1. 可见,S-SPAEK/SPVA复合膜有望在直接甲醇燃料电池中得到应用.     

原位构筑溴氧化铋/聚吡咯复合材料用于光催化降解阴离子染料

采用光化学反应法在稀酸条件下制备出薄片状溴氧化铋（BiOBr）,将其分散于含有过硫酸铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的水溶液中,通过吡咯的一步聚合反应原位制备出聚吡咯（PPy）修饰的BiOBr复合材料（BiOBr/PPy）。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见光谱及荧光光谱等综合表征技术对样品的晶体结构、形貌特征和光电特性等进行测试。结果显示,PPy成功修饰到BiOBr薄片上,BiOBr与PPy接触紧密且相互作用强。与纯BiOBr相比,BiOBr/PPy复合材料具有更强的可见光吸收效率和增强的光催化降解甲基橙（MO）染料活性。通过优化PPy和BiOBr的组合比例,当BiOBr质量分数约为7%时,BiOBr/PPy-2在50 min内对MO （30 mg·L^-1）的降解率为87.3%;另外,循环光催化活性虽有降低但仍高于纯BiOBr和纯PPy （10.4%）。这表明BiOBr与PPy之间较强的相互作用和良好的界面结合可以有效地促进光生电子与空穴的分离效率。反应体系中分离的光生空穴、衍生自由基在染料氧化降解中发挥了重要作用。     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SPAES-TiO_2 HYBRID MEMBRANES FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL

Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)(SPAES) copolymer with degree of sulfonation of 1.0 was synthesized and characterized.A series of SPAES-TiO_2 hybrid membranes with various contents of nano-sized TiO_2 particles were prepared and characterized through sol-gel reactions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicated the TiO_2 particles were well dispersed within polymer matrix.These composite membranes were evaluated for proton exchange membranes(PEMs) in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).These mem...     

Proton and methanol transport behavior of SPEEK/TPA/MCM-41 composite membranes for fuel cell application

This paper reports proton and methanol transport behavior of composite membranes prepared for use in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The composite membranes were prepared by embedding various proportions (10–30 wt.%) of inorganic proton conducting material (tungstophosphoric acid (TPA)/MCM-41) into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer matrix. The results indicate that the proton conductivity of the membranes increases with increasing loading of solid proton conducting material. The highest conductivity value of 2.75 mS/cm was obtained for the SPEEK composite membrane containing 30 wt.% solid proton conducting material (50 wt.% TPA in MCM-41). The methanol permeability and crossover flux were also found to increase with increasing loading of the solid proton conducting material. Lowest permeability value of 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹ was obtained for composite membrane with 10 wt.% of the solid proton conducting material (40 wt.% TPA in MCM-41). However, all the composite membranes showed higher selectivity (ratio between the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability) compared to the pure SPEEK membrane. In addition, the membranes are thermally stable up to 160 °C. Thus, these membranes have potential to be considered for use in direct methanol fuel cell.     

Novel method for the preparation of ionically crosslinked sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)/polybenzimidazole composite membranes via in situ polymerization

A series of ionically crosslinked composite membranes were prepared from sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) via in situ polymerization method. The structure of the pristine polymer and the composite membranes were characterized by FT-IR. The performance of the composite membranes was characterized. The study showed that the introduction of PBI led to the reduction of methanol swelling ratio and the increase of mechanical properties due to the acid–base interaction between the sulfonic acid groups and benzimidazole groups. Moreover, the oxidative stability and thermal stability of the composite membranes were improved greatly. With the increase of PBI content, the methanol permeability coefficient of the composite membranes gradually decreased from 1.59 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/s to 1.28 × 10⁻⁸ cm²/s at 30 °C. Despite the fact that the proton conductivity decreased to some extent as a result of the addition of PBI, the composite membrane with PBI content of 5 wt.% still showed a proton conductivity of 0.201 S/cm at 80 °C which could actually meet the requirement of proton exchange fuel cell application. Furthermore, the composite membranes with PBI content of 2.5–7.5 wt.% showed better selectivity than Nafion117 taking into consideration the methanol swelling ratio and proton conductivity comprehensively.     

A unique path to reach thermostable polypyrrole/Pd microfibers via chemical oxidative polymerization

Polypyrrole/palladium (PPy/Pd) nanocomposites, labeled by PPy/Pd-2/1-0, PPy/Pd-2/1-25, and PPy/Pd-3/1-0, are synthesized via a direct redox reaction between pyrrole monomer and PdCl₂ in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stabilizer in chloroform (CHCl₃)/acetonitrile (CH₃CN) binary organic solvents with 2:1 and 3:1 volume ratios at two temperatures involving 0 and 25 °C. A Pd-unloaded polypyrrole (PPy-2/1-0) is also synthesized similarly using iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) oxidant for comparison purposes. The volume ratio of the solvents used as well as the temperature at which the oxidative polymerization takes place affects significantly the thermostability of the resulting nanocomposites. According to the thermogravimetric analyses, the stability order towards heat is found to be PPy/Pd-2/1-25?>?PPy/Pd-2/1-0?>?PPy/Pd-3/1-0?>?PPy-2/1-0. The nanocomposite PPy/Pd-2/1-25 shows clearly more thermostability compared to PPy/Pd-2/1-0 analog at temperatures above 400 °C. Furthermore, whereas three discrete maxima can be obviously found in the differential thermal analysis (DTA) thermogram of PPy-2/1-0 pure sample, no distinctive exothermic peak is observed in the curves of the three Pd-loaded nanocomposites.