烃铵盐用于示波极谱滴定法测定诺氟沙星

本文报道了以烃铵盐为滴定剂，用交流示波极谱四苯硼钠（Ｎａ－ＴＰＢ）滴定法测定诺氟沙星（ＮＦＸ）的含量。应用于胶囊样品的测定，与药典法测得结果基本一致，最大相对误差≤０．５６％，最大ＲＳＤ为０．２９％，平均回收率为１００．６％。     

高精度散射光度滴定法测定苯妥英钠

用高精度散射光度滴定法测定苯妥英钠的含量。以 2 %糊精溶液作为胶体保护剂 ,用硝酸银标准溶液滴定苯妥英钠 ,生成沉淀的溶度积常数小 (Ksp=3× 10 -10 ) ,滴定曲线尖锐 ,可以准确判断滴定终点。高精度散射光度滴定法、重量法和电位滴定法测得苯妥英钠的含量分别为 98.82 %、98.72 %和 98.75 %。F检验和t检验结果显示高精度散射光度滴定法测定苯妥英钠 ,在精密度和准确度方面与重量法、电位滴定法测定结果均无显著差异 (α >0 .0 5 )。     

高氯酸消解电位滴定法测定硼粉纯度

建立了测定硼粉纯度的电位滴定法。在700 ℃下,用高氯酸消解硼粉约50 min,用氢氧化钠溶液调节样品溶液pH至5.4,用电位滴定法测定硼含量。样品中硼含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%～0.50%(n=8),样品加标回收率为99.00%～99.95%,所得结果与硫酸–硝酸混酸消解方法基本一致。     

低钠盐及其化验研究

介绍了低钠盐对人体的作用，对低钠盐的定性和定量分析方法进行了研究，包括：低钠盐中镁离子和钾离子的鉴定，用EDTA滴定法测定低钠盐中镁含量和用间接滴定法测定低钠盐中钾含量。     

硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定低品位石煤钒矿中的五氧化二钒

建立硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定低品位石煤钒矿中五氧化二钒含量的方法。将石煤钒矿样品在920℃下灼烧20 min进行预处理,以驱除石煤钒矿石中的含碳化合物和有机物,通过酸度调节,实现滴定终点的突跃。用硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定样品中五氧化二钒的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%(n=10),用该法测定国家标准物质和实验室内控样品,测定值与参考值一致。该方法具有较高的准确度和良好的精密度,适宜于低品位石煤钒矿中五氧化二钒含量为0.5%以上样品的测定。     

诺氟沙星的交流示波极谱滴定法研究

本文报道了示波极谱滴定法测定诺氟沙星的含量。用ＰＨ４．４的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液溶解药样，并与过量的四苯硼钠作用生成沉淀。过滤后，用硫酸亚铊回滴过量的Ｎａ－ＴＰＢ，由示波极谱图［ｄＥ／ｄｔ＝ｆ（Ｅ）］上ＴＰＢ切口的消失指示滴定络点，进而在该溶液中进行空白实验。     

多元校正滴定法测定酒石酸美托洛尔

以氢离子选择性电极为工作电极,盐酸或氢氧化钠为滴定剂,用多元校正滴定法对酒石酸美托洛尔片的含量进行了测定。探讨了盐酸或氢氧化钠测定酒石酸美托洛尔的可行性,比较了过滤和不过滤两种方法配制试液的测定结果。本法测定结果与中国药典(1995)中非水滴定法的对照偏差在1%之内;采用过滤和不过滤两种方法配制的试液测定结果之间的偏差在0.2%之内。     

络合滴定法测定钙含量微型实验研究

利用微型滴定法测定含钙制品中的Ca2 含量,并对微型滴定法与常量滴定法的平行测定结果进行了比较。结果两种方法无显著性差异,F检验t检验结果均在允许范围内,相对偏差均小于2.0%,微型滴定法的精度达到常量滴定法测定水平,能满足化学分析要求。     

EDTA滴定法连续测定锆-铁-钇含量

探讨了准确测定废旧锆钇陶瓷回收时产生的酸性溶液中锆、铁、钇的含量时,乙酰丙酮、三乙醇胺和柠檬酸等铁离子掩蔽剂,以及偶氮砷Ⅲ、甲基百里酚蓝和二甲酚橙等指示剂对测定结果的影响,确定仅以二甲酚橙为指示剂,盐酸羟胺为还原剂,用EDTA滴定法连续测定了溶液中的锆、铁、钇含量,测定结果的RSD<2%。     

萃取光度法测定诺氟沙星

诺氟沙星(NFXC)与溴甲酚绿(BCG)在pH3.2的邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液中形成可被萃取到氯仿相的离子缔合物,在420nm最大吸收峰处测定离子缔合物的吸光度。线性范围为0-18mg·L-1,此法用于诺氟沙星滴眼液和诺氟沙星胶囊中诺氟沙星含量的测定,结果满意。     

浊度滴定法

报道了一种实用的浊度传感器及浊度滴定仪，以及一种利用此仪器检测溶液的浑浊程度（溶液中散射光相对强度）来判断沉淀反应滴定终点的方法。将一束光线通入溶液，在溶液中与其垂直的方向上，利用内置浊度传感器检测散射光相对强度；随着滴定剂的加入，溶液将渐变得浑浊，散射光相对强度逐渐增强。如果沉淀反应完全且溶解度足够小，散射光相对强度将在化学计量点处达最大值，由此可判断滴定终点。以AgNO3溶液滴定NaCl溶液为例俊证了浊度滴定法，结果表明：浊度滴定法样化学指示剂法适用于更低的浓度；在适当的条件下浊度滴定法的精密度和准确度均可＜0.2%。     

基于反射式光度传感器的自动光度滴定仪的研制及应用

研制了一种以颜色变化为滴定终点的自动光度滴定仪,仪器以光度传感器为核心,包括光度探头、滴定装置、AT89S52单片机、电磁阀、二极管和磁力搅拌器等部件。传感器采用开放设计,对溶液吸光度变化反应迅速。仪器用于红醋酸度的测定,所得结果与电位滴定分析法结果相符。     

非水滴定法测定酰胺缩醛

对非水滴定酰胺缩醛的溶剂、滴定剂和指示剂进行了选择试验，用ＨＣｌ甲醇标准液进行滴定，通过电位滴定曲线或甲基橙指示剂可以准确的确定滴定终点，方法简便，结果准确。     

Potentiometric titrations with ion-exchanging membrane electrodes : Part II. A theoretical treatment of the effect of membrane selectivity

The possible influence of the selectivity of the membrane used in an indicating electrode with potentiometric titrations was investigated by introducing some simple modifications in the calculations performed earlier. The influence of the selectivity is visible only before the equivalence point when the counter-ion is precipitated initially from the titrated solution. When the co-ion is precipitated initially, the shape of the titration curve is altered only after the equivalence point. The reliability of the determination of the equivalence point can be either advantageously or disadvantageously influenced by the selectivity, depending on the value of the selectivity coeffcient and the ratio of the diffusion coefficients.     

In Process Citation

A first attempt to apply inorganic membranes made from parchment paper impregnated with alkaline earth precipitates, as indicating electrodes for potentiometric acid-base titrations in nonaqueous media, is presented. Mixtures of acids can be titrated and the course of the titration is a function of the nature of the solvent and the titrant.     

Determination of Na(2)O from sodium aluminate NaAlO(2)

The aim of the work was to find a suitable method and conditions for determining Na(2)O wt.% from NaAlO(2). Problems were encountered while titrating NaAlO(2) with hydrochloric acid. The problematic area was the pH range 4-10 where aluminum precipitates as hydroxides. The different species of the aluminate solution were determined using potentiometric and complexometric titrations. The equivalent point of the potentiometric titration was detected using Gran's plotting method. Precipitation of aluminum hydroxides did not interfere with titrations, because in potentiometric titrations the pH value was over 10 and in complexometric titrations the pH was 4. The results were accurate and determinations were easy to carry out. Sodium was also determined by DCP-AES.     

Titrations of weak acids in 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine

The use of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguamdine (TMG) as a medium for the titrations of weak acids has been investigated. The hydrogen electrode behaves reversibly in this solvent and can serve as an indicator electrode in titration reactions. The titrant was a o.1 M solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in a 90-10% mixture of TMG and methanol. A hydrogen electrode dipping into a TMG solution saturated with benzoic acid served as reference electrode. Potentiometric titrations of a number of weak acids gave results accurate to at least ±0.5%. It was found that in most cases curcumin could be used as an end-point indicator with an accuracy comparable to that of the potentiometric titration.     

Perbenzoic acid as volumetric reagent

Summary Perbenzoic acid (0.05 M) chloroform solution is used as volumetric reagent for the determination of potassium ferrocyanide, arsenious oxide, tartar emetic, sodium sulphite, stannous chloride, hydrazine sulphate and sodium thiosulphate atph 4.0 to 4.5 in sodium acetate and acetic acid buffer solutions, using iodine as catalyst and preoxidiser. Appearance of faint violet colour in chloroform layer indicates the end point in visual titrations. In potentiometric titrations bright platinum foil is used as an oxidation-reduction electrode and it is coupled with saturated calomel electrode. At the equivalence point there is a sharp jump in potential in each titration.     

近年物理化学滴定进展

评述了近五年国内外物理化学滴定（用作图确定终点）的新进展，内容包括：（１）光学滴定（含光度、荧光、磷光、化学发光滴定）；（２）电滴定（含电位、电导、电流、库仑滴定）；（３）量热滴定。每类滴定均再按滴定用介质分为水介质和非水介质滴定，按滴定反应分为酸－碱、氧化－还原、络合、沉淀滴定，按滴定方式分为直接滴定、代滴、回滴。引用文献１０６篇。     

Digital image-based titrations

The exploitation of digital images obtained from a CCD camera (WebCam) as a novel instrumental detection technique for titration is proposed for the first time. Named of digital image-based (DIB) titration, it also requires, as a traditional titration (for example, spectrophotometric, potentiometric, conductimetric), a discontinuity in titration curves where there is an end point, which is associated to the chemical equivalence condition. The monitored signal in the DIB titration is a RGB-based value that is calculated, for each digital image, by using a proposed procedure based on the red, green, and blue colour system. The DIB titration was applied to determine HCl and H₃PO₄ in aqueous solutions and total alkalinity in mineral and tap waters. Its results were compared to the spectrophotometric (SPEC) titration and, by applying the paired t-test, no statistic difference between the results of both methods was verified at the 95% confidence level. Identical standard deviations were obtained by both titrations in the determinations of HCl and H₃PO₄, with a slightly better precision for DIB titration in the determinations of total alkalinity. The DIB titration shows to be an efficient and promising tool for quantitative chemical analysis and, as it employs an inexpensive device (WebCam) as analytical detector, it offers an economically viable alternative to titrations that need instrumental detection.