Synthesis of Hydroxy-Functional PMMA Macromonomers by Anionic Polymerization

Living anionic polymerization has been utilized to synthesize hydroxy end-functionalized PMMA macromonomers with styryl or allyl functionalities as the polymerizable end-groups. Protected hydroxy-functionalized alkyl lithium initiators have been used to initiate anionic polymerization of MMA. Subsequently the living chains with protected hydroxyl function have been terminated using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4-VBC) or allyl methacrylate (ALMA) to form α-hydroxy-ω-styryl and α-hydroxy-ω-allyl PMMA, respectively. These protected hydroxy-functionalized PMMA macromonomers have been characterized by GPC and ¹H-NMR. Termination using 4-VBC led to 50% functionalization, whereas that using allyl methacrylate led to 100% functionalization of the hydroxy-PMMA.     

2－甲基－2－甲氧基羰基－5－次甲基－1，3－二氧环戊－4－酮的合成和阴离子聚合

本文报导了一种环状新单体，２－甲基－２－甲氧基羰基－５－次甲基－１，３－二氧环戊－４－酮的合成，并用红外、核磁及元素分析对单体和中间体的结构进行了鉴定．在－７０℃及干燥氮气保护下，用９－芴锂作阴离子５：发剂对此新单体进行了阴离子开环聚合反应的研究．聚合物的红外和核磁谱图表明：在聚合物中存在两种结构单元，这说明在聚合过程中同时存在开环和不开环的两种情况。虽然在聚合物中，这两种结构单元的量应取决于两种相应的碳阴离子的相对稳定性，但是开环聚合在热力学上是有利的，因为开环的结果形成了更稳定的羰基．用粘度法测定了聚合物的特性粘数。     

纳米氧化硅表面阴离子接枝聚合苯乙烯

通过正丁基锂(BL)引发甲基丙烯酰氧丙基纳米氧化硅(MAMSN)与苯乙烯共聚,制备了聚苯乙烯表面接枝纳米氧化硅(PS—g—Silica),并考察了正丁基锂加入量对苯乙烯转化率(C)、接枝率(PG)以及聚苯乙烯分子量(Mn)的影响。实验结果表明,阴离子聚合可以获得比自由基聚合更大的分子量和更高的转化率以及接枝率。     

Dual Reactivity of Magnesium Compounds as Initiators for Anionic and Cationic Polymerization

Organomagnesium compounds are well known initiators of anionic polymerization of polar monomers. However, we have found recently that in the presence of compounds with labile halogen atoms, e.g., benzyl chloride, they are also active initiators of cationic polymerization of isobutylene and styrene in hydrocarbon media. The tentative scheme of cationic initiation is suggested assuming the formation of benzyl cation connected with Mg₂Cl₅⁻ counter-ion. The scheme is confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations and ¹H NMR analysis of polyisobutylene. On addition of a polar monomer, N,N-dimethylacrylamide or 2-vinylpyridine, to Bu₂Mg-BzCl-isobutylene polymerizing mixture, the former readily polymerizes. The mixture of homopolymers rather than block copolymers is formed in this case, however, this fact proves the co-existence of anionic and cationic centers in the system.     

Synthesis of Well-defined Long Chain Branched Polyethylene via Anionic Polymerization Combined with Graft-onto Method

Comb-like polyethylene(PE) was prepared via anionic polymerization combined with “graft-onto” process. The polybutadiene(PB) backbone underwent hydroxylation at 1,2-vinyl groups to obtain a controlled number of hydro- xyl groups along the main chain. After the translation of hydroxyl groups to tosyl groups, a nucleophilic substitution by living anionic PB chains was achieved. The comb PE was finally obtained by the hydrogenation of the obtained unsaturated comb polymer. Since the living anionic polymerization was used to prepare the backbones and the branch chains, molecular weight to molecular weight distribution(M_w/M_n<1.5) can be well-controlled in the final comb polymer, including the average number and length of branches.     

活性阳离子聚合法合成嵌段共聚物的研究进展

在８０年代,阳离子聚合研究的一个最重要突破可能就是活性阳离子聚合。目前为止,有关活性阳离子聚合的新引发体系,新单体及合成应用等方面已取得巨大进展,本综述主要介绍利用活性阳离子聚合合成二、三元嵌段和多元嵌段共聚物的研究成果。     

Organosilicon‐Assisted Transformation of Living Anionic into Living Cationic Polymerization

A novel method is described for transforming an anionic polymerization process into a cationic polymerization process assisted by organosilyl groups. The reaction of the p‐tolyldimethylsilyl end group of polystyrene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid produced a silyl triflate end group that served as a macroinitiator for the living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether. The Si O linkage in the block copolymers underwent specific cleavage by reaction with tetrabutylammonium fluoride.

     

线性/三臂星型端羟基聚丁二烯的活性负离子聚合及其表征

在环己烷溶剂中,以自制的叔丁基二甲基硅氧基丙基锂为引发剂,丁二烯为单体,四氢呋喃为结构调节剂,采用活性负离子聚合法合成了线形端羟基聚丁二烯(L-HTPB).在此基础上,以甲基三氯硅烷为偶联剂合成了星形端羟基聚丁二烯(S-HTPB).采用GPC和1H-NMR对L-HTPB和S-HTPB结构进行了表征,结果表明,采用负离子聚合法合成的2种聚合物具有相同的微观结构,且线形端羟基聚丁二烯的平均官能度大于1.9,星形端羟基聚丁二烯的平均支化度和平均官能度大于2.8,与理论设计值基本相符.另外,实验中通过调节溶剂中环己烷和四氢呋喃的比例来控制聚合物主链的微观结构.实验结果证实,随复配溶剂中环己烷用量的增加,聚合物1,4-结构相对含量逐渐增大,特别是顺式1,4-结构相对含量增大的趋势比较明显;当聚合溶剂采用单一的环己烷时,聚合物主链1,4-结构相对含量大于90%,顺式1,4-结构相对含量高达70%以上,聚合物主链中1,2-结构相对含量约为5.70%;相反,当聚合溶剂采用单一的四氢呋喃时,聚合物主链1,2-结构相对含量大于90%,而顺式1,4-结构相对含量趋于0,样品的外观表现为塑料.     

Synthesis of Block Copolymers by Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Visible Light‐Induced Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization

A new synthetic approach for the preparation of block copolymers by mechanistic transformation from atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to visible light‐induced free radical promoted cationic polymerization is described. A series of halide end‐functionalized polystyrenes with different molecular weights synthesized by ATRP were utilized as macro‐coinitiators in dimanganese decacarbonyl [Mn₂(CO)₁₀] mediated free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization of cyclohexene oxide or isobutyl vinyl ether. Precursor polymers and corresponding block copolymers were characterized by spectral, chromatographic, and thermal analyses.     

活性正离子聚合转化法合成嵌段共聚物的研究进展

综述了国内外利用活性正离子聚合转化法合成嵌段聚合物的研究进展。     

阴(负)离子聚合二十年

近20多年负离子聚合在新引发剂体系、新单体开发以及聚合理论方面均取得了进展,出现了配伍负离子聚合LAP、阻滞负离子聚合RAP等概念。实现了对聚合物结构、聚合动力学的进一步控制。在工业方面,负离子聚合生产规模和产品应用范围扩大,同时也开发出多种新产品,如集成橡胶、负离子合成的高抗冲聚苯乙烯等国内的负离子产品开发十分迅速在加氢型负离子聚合产品方面还取得了突破性发展     

Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polysaccharide by Thermally Induced Cationic Polymerization of 1,6-Anhydrohexopyranose

The thermally induced cationic polymerizations of 1,6-anhydro-β-D -glucopyranose ( 1a ), 1,6-anhydro-β-D -mannopyranose ( 1b ) and 1,6-anhydro-β-D -galactopyranose ( 1c ) as a latent cyclic AB₄-type monomer were carried out using (S-2-butenyl)tetramethylenesulfonium hexafluoroantimonate ( 2 ) as an initiator. The solution polymerization in propylene carbonate proceeded without gelation to produce the water-soluble hyperbranched polysaccharides ( 3a-c ) with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. The degree of branching (DB), estimated by the methylation analysis of 3a-c , was in the range of 0.38 – 0.49. The thermally induced cationic polymerization of 1a-c using 2 is a facile method leading to a hyperbranched polysaccharide with a high DB value.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanocrystallites by Cationic Surfactant and Anionic Surfactant

1 INTRODUCTION Zirconia is a kind of metallic oxide with high mel- ting point. It is highly corrosion-resistant for acid fu- sant and neutral fusant, thus it can be used as refrac- tory material, and it can also be utilized as acid acy- loxy bi-functional catalystic material owing to hav- ing both acid and alkali surface centers[1]. Moreover, zirconia has superior ion-exchange capacity as well as chemical and mechanical stability, therefore, it can also be applied as a catalyst carrier. …     

阳离子聚合的进展

首先介绍了阳离子聚合的简史,由于阳离子高活性的特点使其发展较慢,阳离子聚合研究的突破来自对引发反应的深入理解,而近代阳离子聚合的要点则在于使链引发、链增长和链终止成为可控。阳离子聚合的进展密切与大分子工程相关。本文对活性阳郭聚合做了较详细的讨论。并举遥爪聚人事物及嵌段聚合物的研究成就。最后,提出了阳离子聚合是发展中的问题供参考。     

双水相聚合法合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其絮凝性能

以聚乙二醇（PEG）水溶液为分散剂,过硫酸铵（KPS）为引发剂,采用双水相聚合法,用新型阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）与丙烯酰胺（AM）共聚,制备了一系列新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)类絮凝剂,讨论了单体含量对聚合物相对分子质量、转化率和阳离子度的影响。 并对黄河水做了絮凝实验,讨论了CPAM投加量、pH值、搅拌速率、搅拌时间及静置时间对絮凝效果的影响。 所得CPAM的阳离子度随DAC含量增加而增大,CPAM的平均相对分子质量和转化率随DAC含量增加略有下降。 当CPAM投加量为0.3 mg/L,pH=6,以100 r/min搅拌15 min后,再静置10 min,絮凝效果最好,去除率达到92%。     

用活性阴离子聚合设计合成高分子链构造的新进展

综述了采用活性阴离子聚合方法制备新型高分子链构造的新进展,包括“π”形聚合物,“H”形聚合物,“哑铃”形聚合物,ABC杂臂星形聚合物,超支化聚合物,环状聚合物,“蝌蚪”形聚合物,“蜈蚣”形聚合物和“刺钢丝”形聚合物等。     

采用阴离子、基团转移及自由基聚合方法合成旋光性聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷酯

近年来, 旋光性高分子的广泛应用及其特有的功能已引起了广泛关注, 尤其在手性记忆功能材料[1～3]、液晶及手性催化等方面[4～6]皆表现出良好的应用前景. 用旋光性单体合成旋光性聚合物是最常用的方法之一. 早在20世纪70年代, 就有关于聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷酯(PMnMA)的研究[7], 但有关配体参与的阴离子聚合, 基团转移聚合(GTP)及其立构规整性的研究还未见报道.     

一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子聚合动力学

合成了八甲基环四硅氧烷的一氯取代物,并以其为单体,98%浓硫酸为催化剂,采用称重法研究了一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子开环的本体聚合动力学,探讨了温度,催化剂浓度对其聚合速率常数的影响.研究表明:温度,催化剂浓度对一氯代八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合速率有显著影响,其聚合活化能是40.37kJ.mol-1;与八甲基环四硅氧烷阳离子开环聚合相比,氯代甲基使硅氧烷的开环聚合速率减慢,聚合活化能升高.     

Controlled Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Novel Functional Fluorinated Polymer By Metal-Free Anionic Polymerization

A well-defined block polymer, di-n-butyl ester terminated poly(2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (BTHFMA), was synthesized by the metal-free anionic polymerization. The tetrabutylammonium salt of di-n-butyl malonate was served as functional carbanionic initiator for the anionic polymerization of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate in a controlled ‘living’ manner for the first time at ambient temperature. The chemical structure of this product was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed that the molecular weight of BTHFMA ranged from 1025 to 6582 and the molecular weight distributions were fairly narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.16). By blending the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) [P(MMA-co-BA)] with BTHFMA, we minimized the amount of the BTHFMA used while achieving a hydrophobic surface. The surface properties and compositions of the [P(MMA-co-BA)]/BTHFMA blend films were studied by contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the 5 wt% blends of BTHFMA could obviously increase hydrophobic ability of the blend with a high water contact angle (98.2^o) and low surface energy (24.2mN/m). XPS results indicated the fluorine mass content of the surface of the 5 wt% blend was up to 26.6%, which suggested BTHFMA enriched on the surface of the blend.